Earticle

The purpose of this study is to explore the methods for the effective uses of the external representa-tions in science learning of the scientifically gifted and general students. For this, this study reviewedthe theories (e.g., dual coding theory, cognitive load theory, cognitive theory of multimedia learning,generative theory, and social constructivism theory), the principles (e.g., multiple representations princi-ple, spatial contiguity principle, temporal contiguity principle, split-attention principle, coherence princi-ple, and personalization principle), and the studies (e.g., drawing and writing) for the effective uses ofthe external representations in science learning, and provided the guideline to establish their effectiveuses in science learning of the scientifically gifted and general students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the scientific inquiry ability of middle school students. Sub-jects were 32 students(16 teams) who participated in the Scientific Experiment-based Inquiry Competi-tion. Their scientific inquiry abilities were evaluated on the basis of two problems: “To measurerespiration contents of human for a minute” and “To analyze constituents of airs when were inhaled andexhaled”. The components of scientific inquiry ability were perceiving a problem and formulating ahypothesis, planning an experiment, performing an inquiry, interpreting data, and drawing a conclusion.They have higher abilities of perceiving a problem and formulating a hypothesis, planning an experi-ment, but lower of interpreting data, and drawing a conclusion. The results suggested that it should beeducational programs to activate the scientific inquiry abilities and thinking abilities to synthesize dataand correlations among variables.

The purpose of this study is to find the undergraduates’ mathematical reasoning of a geometric con-cept in science activity contexts. Through the given activity it was found that a variety of mathemati-cal misconceptions were possessed by students. We clustered students into two groups: one group hada 10-minute long short lesson to remind them of definitions of circle and ellipse during the introduc-tory science course. The other group without this lesson. The science activity allowed students to usesuch knowledge in determining the shape. In this scientific context, the key to the determination iswhether students bring up the definition of the orbit appropriately. It was connected with how the priorscientific knowledge affected their decision of the shape through mathematical reasoning. In mostanswers of student subjects, we found that students used naive and non-mathematical concepts such as“not a perfect circular shape” and “twisted circle”. Only a very few students succeeded in using themathematical definitions of the ellipse.

Science high schools in Korea were founded for providing students talented in science with learningopportunities to maximize their potentials. However, it has been criticized that science high schools arenot appropriately operated due to university entrance examination system and other school conditions.Moreover, there are little empirical data to support the criticisms. The study aimed to investigate teach-ers' perceptions to the management of science high schools. A research method employed in this studyincludes semi-structured interview of teachers with open-ended questions. The interview was adminis-tered in October 2005 and 16 teachers were participated. It was appeared that the curriculum imple-mentation was conducted against original missions and goals of science high schools. The curriculumwas not met with potentials of students talented in science and rather focused on preparing for univer-sity entrance examinations. In conclusion, calls for reform of science high schools were strongly recom-mended.

Mentorship programs for gifted students have been developed and processed in several institutions forthe gifted in Korea since its pilot study in 1997. They have achieved positive responses from programparticipants and stakeholders, however, there still need thorough attentions to evaluate the effects andmanagement of the programs. This case study is an attempt to understand how students experience thementoring program for the gifted at Seoul National University and how their experiences influence theirnext stage of education. Four middle school students participated in the program for 64 hours and laterthey were invited to survey questionnaires. In the findings, students highly valued the program in termsof experiencing innovative science experiments. They also said that their learning experiences in thementorship program positively influenced their decisions to enter science high schools. However, afterthey entered the high schools, there were not many follow-up activities which could continuously sup-port their previous learning experiences in the mentorship program, which urges critical reviews of theprogram in and after the process for an effective long-term development.

This research was to develop the operation plan of the invention class for the gifted students. Theinvention programs such as development of selection tools, teaching and learning materials, and inven-tion camp activities of invention education for the gifted were reconstructed and distinguished from thegeneral invention program to apply the district. The gifted students were selected from the 4th-6th gradeelementary school students in Kangwon, Korea. The developed program were applied and evaluatedwith invention items which were applied the advanced invention science and technology. These resultswill be able to help explore and apply the operation plan for the gifted students in the future.

The purpose of this study was to obtain new data for science education by comparing scientificresearch and analysis ability of two different groups of elementary school students; one consisted ofgifted children and the other of children of general ability. Two groups of 6th graders were used forthis study: one consisted of 20 students from a class of gifted students in science and the other 30 stu-dents from a regular class. Each group carried out experiments individually to find the causes thataffect a pendulum’s cycle. In this research, we were gauged children’s research ability in the follow-ing four areas “strategies in confirming prediction”, “variable controlling”, “evidence evaluation”, and“drawing conclusions". It was discovered that the scientific research and analysis ability of science-gifted children is much higher than of regular students, and this appears to be characteristic of a spe-cific group of gifted students. We also found that there were a number of students with predominantlyhigh research ability in the regular students group and that 13% of the science-gifted students showscientific research ability equal to the average score of the regular students.

Abstract I. 서 론 II. 연구 방법 1. 연구 절차 2. 적용 프로그램 3. 연구 대상 및 기간 4. 자료 수집 III. 연구 결과 및 논의 1. SSC 프로그램 적용 전 과학 관련 태도 사전분석 결과 2. SSC 프로그램 적용 후 과학 관련 태도 변화분석 IV. 결론 및 제언 참 고 문 헌