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Kim, Young-Wha. 2010. Delimiters Re-illuminated: -Yang (1993), n*P, and English Acquisition with Delimiters-. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 1-28. This study aims to reintroduce the characteristics of Korean delimiters discussed in Yang (1972, 1993) and to expand the discussion in two ways. First, we suggest that the syntactic realization of delimiters is practiced through feature checking between the feature(s) under C, CP and that/those of n*P. Following Chomsky (2006), we assume that Merge of n*P is necessary when semantic or pragmatic factors call for it. The semantic/pragmatic features can be realized in the form of delimiter in Korean. Along with the structures comprising all the semantic or pragmatic features under n*P, this paper will suggest a refined structure of DP of Korean. The second aim of this study is to help to improve the pedagogy of the theoretical issues discussed in this paper by conducting experimental analyses. The outcome of the experiment provides evidence enough to support the hypotheses made about delimiters and feature checking in this paper. (Hallym University)

Kim, Jeong-Seok. 2010. Truncated Clefts are Ambiguous. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 29-48. This paper explores the so-called truncated cleft in English. This construction has been classified as a type of copular clauses since Higgins's (1973) taxonomy of copular clauses. Along the line of Hedberg (2000) and Birner et al. (2007), I observe that truncated clefts are transformationally ambiguous between the copular reading and the cleft reading. I argue that a sufficiently salient open proposition is a crucial factor of disambiguating these two readings. The presence of a salient open proposition engenders the cleft reading of truncated clefts in linguistic contexts, whereas the copular reading is available in situational contexts. Hence, truncated clefts are placed between deep anaphora and surface anaphora in the sense of Hankamer and Sag (1976). (Korea University)

Kim, Ji Young. 2010. The Phonological Effect of Single-word Insertion by Korean Heritage Speakers: Vowel Epenthesis in Word-final Position. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 49-70. According to Myers-Scotten (1993), there is a morphosyntactic influence from the matrix language to the embedded language. However, there have been few studies in relation to phonological influence. In this research, I will focus on the phonological influence in code-switching, specifically on single-word insertion. When an inserted word has an illegal phoneme in the word-final position, Korean native speakers are expected to insert an epenthetic vowel. The main objective of this research is to investigate how Korean native speakers and heritage speakers perform when the word-final phoneme is legal in English and illegal in Korean. An oral production task was conducted to examine the existence of an epenthetic vowel after illegal word-final consonant. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

Noh, Eun-Ju. 2010. On a Pragmatic Account of Intervention Effects: A Reply to Moon et al. (2009). Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 71-87. In syntactic theories, sentences with an NP-man (NP-only) and a wh-phrase are analysed to be ungrammatical when the NP-man precedes the wh-phrase because it intervenes between the wh-phrase and its licensing Q-operator at LF. If the wh-phrase is scrambled over the intervener, it can be connected to the Q-operator and the intervention effect is cancelled. However, the grammaticality judgments about the intervention effect vary from ‘ungrammatical’ to ‘merely marginal.’ Moon et al. (2009) explore the difference between intervention effect sentences and its scrambled counterparts by conducting an EEG (electroencephalograph) experiment. On the basis of the result of the experiment, they claim that the intervention effect is due to a pragmatic factor such as presupposition failure. This paper reviews their pragmatic account and argues that the ungrammaticality of intervention effect sentences has nothing to do with presupposition failure, and thus, their pragmatic account does not deal with the intervention effect properly. Some of other pragmatic accounts are also compared and discussed. (Inha University)

Park, Hong-Keun. 2010. On Some Properties of In-situ and Ex-situ Wh-phrases in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 89-118. This paper addresses the question of whether wh-phrases in Korean move at all. Movement to C domain and scrambling are the two cases to be considered. Developing on Chung's (1996) proposal, I suggest that wh-phases in Korean not undergo movement to C domain, having their inherent formal feature [WH] licensed by the interrogative C (realized as Qu(estion)-marker), via (unselective) binding. Apparent island effects on adjunct wh-phrases are shown to be ascribed to a certain constraint that holds for movement to a discourse-functional projection relating to contrastivity. However, I argue against scrambling of wh-phrases qua information focus, an analysis whose empirical supports lie in the quantifier intervention effect and the so-called anti-superiority effect. I claim that these effects result from violation of independent conditions on quantifier chain formations (Aoun and Li 2003) and binding (relating to either weak crossover or unselective binding), under a reasonable assumption that some wh-phrases may have a quantificational feature [QN]. Thus, ex-situ occurrences of wh-phrases in Korean are only derived by the need to check off (or license) their discourse-functional roles other than information focus such as topic and contrastive focus. (Yonsei University)

Yeo, Seungju. 2010. Syntax in Favor of Lexicon: A Case for Korean Nominals. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 119-135. I propose that a syntactic account better captures commonality as well as divergence among different types of Korean nominals in a unified manner, without unnecessarily dividing nominalizing suffixes into distinct classes unlike a lexicalist analysis. Under the syntactic approach based on the Distributed Morphology, such a stipulation is no longer necessary. Various nominalizing suffixes, which were responsible for stipulative divisions of suffixes, are mere phonological spell-outs of the category-defining functional head n, spelled out at different phases of computation. Different types of nominals are spell-outs of what is the same process of merging a syntactic object with n at different points in the computation, that is, contextual variants of X-n. (Kyung Hee University)

Oh, Mira. 2010. A Perceptual Similarity-based Analysis of English /kw/ and /tw/ Adaptation in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 137-154. This paper aims to show that the perceptual distance between sounds in the source language and corresponding sounds in the native language determines loan adaptation. English /tw/ is adapted as [thɨw] with an epenthetic vowel between consonants, while English /kw/ is loaned as [khw] without epenthesis in Korean, even though Korean allows both /thw/ and /khw/ clusters. Given that loanword adaptation relies on the borrower’s perception of relative similarity between the source form and the corresponding strings in his/her native language (Oh and Steriade 2004), this paper investigates the acoustic similarities/differences between the source forms and the corresponding forms in native language. The dynamics of the spectral transition from the stop burst through the [w] constriction into the vowel are compared between English /twV/ and /kwV/ and the analogous sequences in Korean. The phonetic results suggest that greater voice onset time (VOT) and second formant (F2) differences between English /tw/ and Korean /thw/ can yield the different adaptations between English /tw/ and /kw/. This study has three implications. Firstly, neither the syllable structure nor the impermissible consonant sequence determines perceptual epenthesis, in contrast to the claims by Kabak and Idsardi (2007) and Dupoux et al. (1999). Secondly, it is clear that non-contrastive phonetic details overcome phonological structure when both types of information conflict in loan adaptation. Thirdly, the phonetic output from the source language alone is not sufficient in loan adaptation. The comparison of acoustic realizations between the source and adapting languages needs to be taken into consideration. (Chonnam National University)

Oh, Eunjin. 2010. The Coronal Stop Places of Early Korean-English Bilingual Speakers. Korean Journal of linguistics, 35-1, 155-181. The coronal stops of Korean and English differ subtly in places of articulation; denti-alveolar in Korean and alveolar in English. This study investigated how the coronal stop places are structured in early bilingual speakers of Korean and English. The main question was whether early bilinguals maintain one place or two independent places for the coronal stops. Nine native speakers of American English, seven Korean-English bilingual speakers, and nine native speakers of Seoul Korean (who also served as late learners of English) participated in this study. The coronal F2 locus values were estimated using locus equation parameters, i.e., "y-intercept" divided by "(1 - slope)." The native speakers of Korean and English demonstrated statistically significant language-specific differences in the slope (0.45 vs. 0.35, respectively), y-intercept (1041 Hz vs. 1289 Hz), and locus values (1907 Hz vs. 1990 Hz) for the coronal stops. The F2 onsets for Korean were influenced by the F2 vowels to a larger extent than for English. For the early bilinguals, the coronal places were Korean-like, but the patterns of anticipatory coarticulation were English-like for both Korean and English. For the late learners, the loci for English were native-like, but the patterns of coarticulation were Korean-like. Overall, the early bilinguals in this study were not better than the late learners in distinguishing between the fine differences in the coronal stop places of each language. It appears to be the case that where two languages are used on a daily basis, subtle articulatory differences such as those between the coronal stop places of each language tend to be merged. It is true that the merger of similar categories and the variation in their formations can be modeled in terms of the speech learning model, the perceptual assimilation model, and/or the exemplar-based model. However, those models cannot explain why greater amounts of English experience did not correlate with greater ability to formulate separate categories in our subjects. Since there were no clear signs of divergence between the two similar categories for the early bilinguals who had acquired two independent places, no evidence was found for the adaptive dispersion theory, either. (Ewha Womans University)

Yoo, Eun-Jung. 2010. English Depictive Secondary Predication: A Lexicalist Approach to Participant Orientation. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 183-208. The study of depictive secondary predicates has yielded diverse analyses with respect to the syntactic positions of the predicates as well as the account of predication relations in general. While most depictives are related with subject or object NPs of the matrix verb in their predication relations, a look at a wider range of data tells us that some prepositional objects and unrealized agent arguments of a passive verb can be also referred to as subjects of depictive predicates. Given the limitations of purely syntactic approaches to such data, this paper explores a lexicalist analysis of English depictives in which a depictive predicate is treated as an adjunct that takes as its subject one of the semantic arguments of the verb relation manifested by the modified verbal projection. By making reference to relevant verbal semantics in the CONTENT structure instead of syntactic valency information, the paper provides a way to explain the problematic data as well as other examples involving more than one adjunct. (Seoul National University)

Lee, Sang-Geun. 2010. English Bare plurals and Relativized Mapping Hypothesis. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 209-228. Developing a unified topical structure, in which categorical and thetic statements are both analyzed as having a topic, i.e., individual topic or event topic, I propose a new mapping algorithm, Relativized Mapping Hypothesis. It posits that any material identified as topic in the unified topic structure should be mapped into a restrictive clause while any XP filled up with the head of a verb chain is defined as the domain of existential closure (i.e., nuclear scope). The Relativized Mapping Hypothesis, coupled with the unified topical structure, successfully captures a subtle nonuniformity in the interpretation of bare plurals. (Korea University)

Lee, Sechang. 2010. Revisiting the Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening: A Study of Compensatory Lengthening in Terms of OT-CC. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 229-245. The aim I wish to achieve in this article is to provide a new perspective on the Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening by revisiting some previous approaches in the literature. I take as a starting point Hayes’(1989) analysis of the phenomenon where the parasitic delinking is followed by compensatory lengthening. Contrary to his position, I argue that the direction of relinking a stray mora does not have to be postulated as a language-specific restriction. Instead, it can be derived as a natural consequence of the universal constraint stating that the vowel length interacts with stress assignment, without appealing to the notion of stipulating the direction of association language-specifically. In the process, the PREC constraint in the sense of McCarthy(2007) is introduced and turns out to be playing a significant role in accounting for the lengthening behavior of nonhigh vowels in the Middle English period. To make sure that the MEOSL provides a clear evidence in favor of opacity treatment, the fundamental features of my analysis will be compared with those of Bermúdez-Otero(1998)'s. (Sookmyung Women's University)

Choi, InJi. 2010. Discourse Markers in Children's Narratives: The Cases of (and) then and so. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 247-264. Discourse markers have frequently been described as a means to guide the hearer to the inferential procedure that yields the intended interpretation. However, there is a disagreement as to whether the usage of discourse markers contributes to the coherence that the speaker wishes to establish or whether they are just a means to identify relevance for the minimum processing cost. This requires a closer examination of actual uses of discourse markers. For this purpose, children's uses of (and) then and so in narratives were analyzed. This paper shows that (and) then and so serve multiple functions which provide instructions to the hearer about how to understand the utterance they introduce in relation to the previous context, and that there is a shift in the use of these markers across ages. This paper also demonstrates that the phenomenon of discourse markers can be adequately explained within the relevance theory framework (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995; Blakemore 2002). (Sookmyung Women's University)

Choi, Hye-Won. 2010. Analyzing and Predicting Ordering Choices in Korean with a Logistic Regression Model. Korean Journal of Linguistics 35-1. 265-289. This paper examines word order alternation in dative construction of Korean and proposes a statistical model of logistic regression based on the analysis of corpus data from Sejong Corpus of Modern Korean (Kim 2000). The model is designed to predict whether each sentence is ordered 'dative before accusative' (DA) or 'accusative before dative' (AD), given the predictor variables such as syntactic weight, discourse givenness, semantic class of verbs, animacy, pronominality, and light-verb-headedness. The model actually predicts the observed orders pretty accurately and reliably. This statistical modeling analysis not only verifies valid factors that truly influence word order but also shows the direction and magnitude of the partial effect of each variable. (Ewha Womans University)

Han, Jeonghan. 2010. The Cases of the More Informative Proposition Triggers in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-1, 291-319. The purpose of this paper is to investigate entailment relations of presuppositions triggered by the four Korean equivalents of English particle even: MACE, COCHA, LATO, and NA in terms of a set‐theoretic construction called a “scalar model (SM).” It will be claimed in this paper that, first, as with even, SMs are very useful tools in an attempt to account for the scalar properties of the four Korean particles. Second, in order to understand fully the differences among the four particles, it seems helpful to set up a further semantic branching within the notion of the “more informativeness” (Kay 1990), i.e. a ‘most’ (MACE, LATO) vs. a ‘least (COCHA, NA) informative proposition in a likelihood scale'. Third, although it is true that MACE and COCHA normally occur in negative sentences and LATO and NA in affirmative sentences, they sometimes occur on opposite sides. I attribute these seeming alternations to the unparalleled relations between the ‘negative sentence’ and the ‘positive sense (interpretation) of the negative sentence’ (or the ‘affirmative sentence’ and the ‘negative sense of the affirmative sentence’). For instance, MACE can occur in an affirmative sentence if the state of affairs in which it occurs is ‘interpreted’ as a negative (undesirable). (Dankook University)