Earticle

Earthquake was called The Head of Catastrophe in many countries because of its sudden, wide-ranging, and severe loss characteristics. Due to the density of people, economy and buildings in cities, the development and evolution of the earthquake disaster chain presents more complex and varied systemic features. There have been many studies of seismic scenarios, most of which focus on the simulation of the disaster itself, but little attention has been paid to the disaster mechanism and its control methods within the urban system. In the view of urban systemic characteristics, this paper analyzes the evolution and development of earthquake disaster scenarios in urban systems. Based on the interaction of various elements of the urban system, the content system of urban seismic scenario research is clarified. Finally, considering the dual scenarios of disaster and response, an urban seismic scenario construction method is proposed which covers risk assessment, disaster simulation, task and capability matching, emergency preparedness plan. We hope that this research can develop the urban earthquake scenario research and provide reference for the earthquake disaster reduction.

본 연구는 소방공무원의 국가직 전환이 이루어진 시점에서, 그동안 의용소방대 운영 활성화의 문제점으로 지적되어 온 사항들을 중심으로 미국, 독일, 일본의 사례를 재고찰하여 시사점을 재진단하여 의용소방대의 역할 강화 및 운영 활성화 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 그동안 의용소방대 활성화에 관한 선행연구들은 조직운영, 조직규모, 조직지원 차원에서 의용소방대의 역할, 조직구성, 인력규 모와 구성, 재정지원과 교육훈련 등을 통한 전문성 강화 등을 지적해 왔다. 이를 기준으로 미국, 독일, 일본의 3개국 사례를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 각 국가마다 의용소방대 정책의 정착과정, 운영방식, 이를 뒷받침하는 제도적, 재정적 지원의 차이는 있으나 소방서비스 지원의 핵심자원으로 높은 가치를 평가받고 있다는 점이다. 이에 가치 있는 자원으로서 의용소방 대의 전문성 제고를 위한 교육훈련 제도와 활동에 따른 보상체계의 합리화를 확보하고자 노력하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으 로는 첫째, 정규 소방대원보다 의용소방대만으로 활동하는 지역이 많으며, 임무수행 범위에도 이에 따라 정규소방과 큰 차이를 두지 않고 있다. 둘째, 완벽한 소방업무 수행을 위한 체계적인 교육훈련 시스템으로 실제 재난 현장에서 정규소방의 지원 없이 독자적인 소방활동이 가능한 정도로 체계화되어 있다. 셋째, 운영경비 등 재원조달 방법으로 세제 뿐만 아니라 기부금, 수익사업 등 다양한 방안을 마련하고 있다. 넷째, 무보수 원칙이지만 현장활동에 대해서는 뚜렷한 보상제도를 갖추고 있다는 점이 특징이다. 이에 우리나라도 소방공무원의 국가직 전환에 따라 지역의 핵심자원으로서 의용소방대를 활성화하기 위한 정책 재설계와 제도화 방안 연구가 필요하다.

This study is to re-diagnose implications by analyzing the cases of the U.S., Germany, and Japan, focusing on the issues that have been pointed out as problems in activating the operation of volunteer fire department at the time of the transition of fire officials to state positions. Based on this, this study sought to develop measures to strengthen the role and operation of volunteer fire department in Korea. Prior research has pointed out problems in terms of organization operation, size of organization, and organizational support as major issues in the operation of volunteer fire department. These issues include the role of volunteer fire department, organizational construction, human resource, human resource management, financial support and enhancement of expertise. An analysis of the three countries of the United States, Germany, and Japan suggested the following. Although there are differences in the settlement process, operation method, and institutional and financial support of volunteer fire department policies, each country is highly valued as a key resource for supporting fire services. As a valuable resource, it was found that the government was trying to secure rationalization of the compensation system based on education and training systems and activities to enhance the professionalism of volunteer fire department. Korea also needs to redesign policies and study ways to institutionalize volunteer fire department as a key resource in the region in line with the transition of fire officials to state posts.

The purpose of this paper is to review a series of measures taken by China and South Korea in response to the COVID-19 epidemic and get some lessons from the cases of two countries. As of October 7, 2020, the COVID-19 is still raging in the world. China and South Korea have basically controlled the further deterioration of the epidemic, but the loss to the socio-economic and people’s lives and safety of the two countries is irreversible. This has once again knocked the crisis & emergency management work of the two governments, and at the same time, this epidemic was a major test for the perfection of emergency management systems in countries around the world. When a public crisis occurs, how to respond quickly and effectively, and build a rapid and effective emergency management system to ensure the steady development of the social economy, respect and maintain the safety of people's lives, is a problem that government departments and managers must think about. Major results of this research are as follows; ① Early Identification of Dangers and Rapid Response, ② Rapid and Complete Quarantine Measures, ③ Tracking the Path of the Diagnosed Person, ④ Citizen Participation to Perform Social Responsibility.