Earticle

The number of depopulated areas in Japan, where the population is declining and aging in 63,237 small communities. Of these, 23,372 are depopulated areas, accounting for 32.2% of all depopulated areas. Of the depopulated areas, 2,744 are likely to have zero population in the future. A major challenge in disaster response is that the members of local disaster management organization, who are registered with those who assist in the evacuation of the frail elderly and disabled in the depopulated areas, are also aging. The number of evacuation assistants in those areas will decrease drastically as those who support evacuation will be needed to evacuate. The solution lies in reviewing social capital and removing the normalcy bias toward people with disabilities and bias of against disasters. Our survey of disaster management personnel at facilities for persons with disabilities in depopulated areas revealed that disabilities are able to evacuate independently depending on their level of disability. It also cleared that they can play various roles in evacuation centers. However, we also found that they do not interact with local people on a daily basis, thus do not provide social capital in the event of a disaster.

Mongolia is in a highly active seismic zone in Central Asia. Historically, earthquakes with a magnitude of M>8 have occurred four times and M>7 more than 20 times in the 20th century. The frequency of earthquakes with M>=3.5 is constantly increasing. In 2021, the number of earthquakes in Mongolian territory reached 254, six times more than the average number of the last decade [1]. Simultaneously, Mongolia is experiencing rapid urbanization. 6.1 percent of the total Mongolian population resided in the cities in 1933 while commencing the transfer of nomadic husbandry lifestyles to settlement. The percentage of the urban population dramatically gained to 69.4 in 2021. Urbanization increases the disaster exposure of the communities in cities at high risk of earthquakes. Community earthquake preparedness, mainly urban community preparedness, is vital to prevent consequences caused by possible earthquake occurrences. Thus, we aimed to assess community earthquake preparedness in urban areas via an online survey based on voluntary participation. It covers the contents of disaster risk reduction knowledge, awareness, and practical skills; disaster preparedness habits and behavior change; and readiness for earthquake early warning signals for community disaster preparedness. The results state that the responses “Very High” and ‘High’ occupy only 23.5 percent of all respondents. Community disaster preparedness in cities is not adequate in Mongolia.

최근 전 세계적으로 기후변화 문제가 발생하면서 자연재난의 피해가 점차 대형화, 다양화되고 있다. 효율적인 재난 대응을 위해 재난관리자원의 효율적 분배 및 운영은 재난복구에 있어 매우 중요한 사안이다. 재난 발생 시 신속한 지원을 위해서 지자체에서 적정량의 재난관리자원을 비축해야 하나, 너무 과도하게 보유할 경우, 관리를 위한 비용이 많이 들고, 적게 보유하면 재난 상황 시 효과적인 대처가 곤란하다. 이를 위해 정부에서는 재난관리자원의 효율적 운영을 연구해왔다. 2014년부터 행정안전부는 재난관리자원 공동활용시스템(DRSS, Disaster Resource Sharing Service)을 개발하여 부서별로 운영되던 재난 관리 시스템을 하나의 업무포털로 통합하여 협업할 수 있도록 하였다. DRSS를 통해 재난관리자원의 현황을 파악하여 재난 발생 시 그에 따른 대응이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나, DRSS는 기본적인 데이터 수집 및 단순 분석을 주로 수행하고 있어, 운영에 대한 검토와 분석이 필요하며, 각 지역의 재난 특성을 고려해야 한다. 이에 본 고에서는 현재 본 기관이 수행하고 있는 재난 유형별, 적정 수량 재고 통합관리 시스템 구축 및 비축기준 마련을 위한 기술을 개발하는 ‘재난관리자원 효율적 운영·관리 기술개발’ 연구과제를 소개하고자 한다.

Recently, as climate change problems occur around the world, the damage of natural disasters is gradually increasing and diversifying. For efficient disaster response, the efficient distribution and operation of disaster resources is a very important issue in disaster recovery. Local governments should stock up on appropriate disaster resources for rapid support in the event of a disaster, but if they have too much, they are expensive to manage, and if they have less, it is difficult to deal effectively in a disaster situation. To this end, the government has studied the efficient operation of disaster resources. Since 2014, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security has developed a Disaster Resource Sharing Service(DRSS) to integrate the disaster management system operated by each department into a single business portal for collaboration. Through DRSS, it is possible to grasp the current status of disaster resources and respond accordingly in the event of a disaster. However, DRSS mainly performs basic data collection and simple analysis, so it is necessary to review and analyze the operation, and consider the disaster characteristics of each region. Therefore, this paper introduces the "Development of technology for efficient operation and management of disaster resources" research project to develop technologies for establishing an integrated inventory management system and establishing stockpiling standards for each type of disaster.