Earticle

본고는 근대 이후 확립된 교육체계의 뒷받침을 받아 형성되고 현재에 이르도록 신학 연구 및 교육 종사자들의 의식을 암암리에 지배하고 있는 이론과 실천의 이원론적이고 계층적인 분할주의의 문제를 실천신학의 내부적 관점으로부터 다루고 있다. 이론과 실천, 의식과 행동, 학문과 삶의 이원론적 분할은 근대주의의 가장 부정적 산물의 하나이다. 이론과 실천의 이분법적이고 계층적인 분할은 전인성을 추구하는 유대-기독교 전통은 물론이고 실천성을 강조하는 현대적 사조와도 조화되지 않는다. 지난 세기 60년대를 전후에서 북남미와 유럽의 신학계에서 근대주의적 왜곡에 대항해 새로운 실천신학적 패러다임을 찾으려는 운동이 일어났다. 특히 북미의 내러티브 신학과 남미의 해방신학은 그 전제와 접근방식은 서로 달랐지만 신학 일반의 실천적 성격과 과제를 인식하도록 돕는 선도적 역할을 하였다. 80년대에 접어들면서는 신학의 실천적 목적과 과제를 넘어 신학 자체를 실천신학적으로 재구성하려는 일련의 노력들이 등장하였다. 이어서 90년대 이후로는 다양한 실천신학 분야들 사이의 관계와 실천신학 고유의 방법론을 통합적으로 체계화하려는 작업이 계속되어 오고 있다. 실천신학의 고유성, 중심성, 포괄성의 확보과정이었다고 할 수 있다. 이 과정은 크게 두 가지 방향으로 나누어졌는데, 하나는 교회의 전통과의 대화, 다른 하나는 현대적 문제의식과의 대화를 통해서 각각 문제해결의 단서를 구하려는 방향이다. 전자는 변증법적, 내러티브적, 문화-언어적 접근으로 명명되는 방향이고 후자는 상관적, 은유적, 수정주의적, 경험-표현적 접근으로 명명되는 접근이다. 그러나 양자는 공히 실천을 신학 자체의 전제이자 맥락이자 원천으로 규정하고 신학 전반을 실천적 패러다임으로 재구성하려는 의도를 보였다. 포괄적이고 통합적인 실천신학이 탄생한 것이다. 이 새로운 실천신학은 실천의 새로운 의미는 물론이고 신학 자체의 이해에 관한 새로운 시야를 열어 주었다. 그러나 그 같은 포괄적이고 통합적인 접근은 추상적이고 연역적 성향 때문에 그 대전제인 구체적인 실천적 맥락의 원천적 위치를 모호하게 만들었다. 본고는 포괄적이고 체계적인 실천신학이 이룩한 업적을 부정하지 않으면서 그 결함의 보완 방안으로 구체적 실천적 맥락에의 참여로부터 일어나는 귀납적 접근을 제시하고 있다. 이의 사례로서 특히 예배-설교적 관점을 다룬다.

This article deals with the problematics of the dualistic and hierarchical divisionism of theory and practice in terms of the intra-perspective of practical theology. That dualism arose in the Enlightenment and, supported by the established educational system, has implicitly dominated the consciousness of those who are engaged in theological studies and educations. The dualistic division between theory and practice, consciousness and act, and study and life, is one of the negative by-products of modernism. Such a division is not harmonized not only with the Judeo-Christian tradition, which envisions a holistic personhood, but also with the contemporary trend of though, which emphasizes praxis as the matrix of thought. Around the 60s of last century in the North-South American and European theological world arose new theological movements seeking for a new paradigm of practical theology against the modernistic distortion. Especially, North America's narrative theology and South America's liberation theology, though they were different from each other in their presuppositions and approaches, played the role of a harbinger to help see the practical nature and tasks of theology in general. Along with the dawning 80s, a series of efforts to restructure theology itself in terms of practical theology beyond practical goals and tasks of theology were attempted. Since the 90s, a group of practical theologians have aimed at integrally systemizing the relations among various areas of practical theology and the proper methodology of it. The above historical development is a step-by-step process for securing the uniqueness, centrality, and comprehensiveness of practical theology. The process is developed largely by the two different directions: on the one hand, the attempt to find out clues for the solution through the dialogue with the ecclesiastical traditions, and on the other, through the dialogue with the contemporary consciousness. The former is the direction named as dialogical, narrative, culture-linguistic approaches; the latter the direction called as correlational, metaphoric, revisionist, experience-expressive approaches. But both together suppose practice to be the presupposition, contexts, and sources of theology itself, and intend to restructure theology as a whole in terms of a practical paradigm. A comprehensive and integral practical theology came into being. This new practical theology has opened a new vision about the understanding of theology itself, in addition to a new meaning of practical theology. But such comprehensive and systematic approaches tend to make obscure the place of the concrete practical contexts as its major premise because of their abstract and deductive tendency. This article is not to deny the achievements of the comprehensive and systematic practical theology, but to suggest an inductive approach generated from participating in concrete practical contexts, as a complementary approach for the former.

본 연구는 EPL학습을 문법 교수ㆍ학습방법인 연역적 교수ㆍ학습방법과 귀납적 교수ㆍ학습방법으로 접근했다. 엔트리 사이트에서 초등 5∼6학년 학생을 대상으로 제공하는 강의를 연역적 학습과정으로 정했다. 이를 바탕으 로 귀납적 학습 과정을 개발하고 각 학습과정을 12차시로 구성했다. 연구를 진행한 후 두 그룹 간 EPL 활용능 력평가, 학습 만족도 및 몰입도 검사를 실시했다. 연구결과 두 그룹 간 통계적으로 의미 있는 결과를 얻기는 어 려웠다. 하지만 세 가지 검사에서 귀납적 교수ㆍ학습방법을 적용한 그룹의 평균값이 모두 높았다. 학습과정을 장 기적으로 구성하여 연구를 실행한다면 두 그룹 간 통계적으로 의미 있는 결과를 나태 낼 것으로 생각한다.

This study approached EPL learning with deductive teaching and learning methods and inductive teaching and learning methods which are grammar teaching and learning methods. In the entry site, lectures provided for elementary school students in grades 5 to 6 were set as deductive learning courses. Based on this, inductive learning process was developed and each learning process was composed of 12 periods. After conducting the research, EPL utilization evaluation, learning satisfaction and immersion test were conducted between the two groups. It was difficult to obtain statistically meaningful results between the two groups. However, in the three tests, the mean value of groups using inductive teaching and learning methods was high. If we construct a long-term learning process and conduct research, we think that statistically meaningful results are produced between the two groups.

20세기 후반의 한국 교회의 설교 현상 가운데 특징 중의 하나는 강해설교의 등장과 확산이다. 이러한 급격한 현상의 원인에 대해서 몇 가지 짐작해 볼 수 있는 것이 있다. 첫째는 익숙한 설교 패턴을 극복하고자 하는 설교자들의 필요성이다. 한국교회 설교의 급격한 변화의 두 번째 요인은 성서본문의 해석의 오류와 더 밀접한 연관성이 있어 보인다. 이러한 상황 가운데 설교자가 전하는 의도가 아닌 성서 본문을 통해 하나님의 말씀을 듣고자 하는 회중의 열망이 반영된 것이 강해설교의 등장이다. 강해설교에 대한 설교자들의 관심은 사실상 성서 본문이 전하고자 하는 바를 찾아내고자 하는 있다. 그러나 서구 기독교 강단에서뿐만 아니라 한국 설교 강단에서도 강해설교에 대한 이해가 부족한 것이 사실이다. 그 부족한 이해의 중심에서 강해설교를 구절단위의 주석적 강의의 형태로 받아들인 설교자들의 오해가 있다. 물론 구절단위의 주석적 강의 형태도 강해설교의 대중적인 방법임에 분명하다. 그러나 강해설교학자들이 지적하는 것은 그러한 형태적인 충족이 강해설교의 본질을 완성시켜 주는 것이 아니라는 것이다. 강해설교에 대한 본질은 강해설교를 정의하고자 끊임없는 시도에서 도달하는 것이지 방법론적 형태를 추구하는데서 나오는 것은 아니다. 그러나 본문이 전해주고자 하는 하나님의 음성 즉 성경적 개념을 적절한 과정을 통해 도출해 내는 것으로 강해설교를 완성하는 것은 아니다. 그때부터 시작되어야 하는 강해설교자들의 고민은 ‘전달’의 영역이다. 강해설교에 대해 깊은 고민과 연구를 했던 설교자들은 결코 전달의 영역 즉 방법론적 형태의 중요성에 대해서 간과하지 않을뿐더러, 그 설교를 들을 회중의 듣는 방식에 대해서도 중요하게 생각한다. 설교자에게 방법론적 영역이 강해설교의 본질적인 영역이 아님에도 불구하고 굉장히 중요한 것은 사실이다. 이 논문은 이러한 관점에서 강해설교에 대한 논의를 진행한다. 특히 본문의 흐름에 따른 구절단위의 주석적 설교가 강해설교의 유일한 방법만이 아님을 지적했다. 더불어서 더 효과적인 방법론에 접근하기 위해서 전통적인 설교 패러다임과 새로운 설교학의 패러다임을 살짝 살펴 보았다. 특히 전통적인 설교 형태인 3대지의 형태를 3단계의 귀납법적 흐름으로 바꾸어 놓음으로써 3대지의 전통적인 설교의 명료함을 유지하려고 시도했으며, 커뮤니케이션 방식의 전환이 이루어진 오늘날의 회중에 대해서 귀납법의 사용을 제안하고 있다.

One of the characteristics of the Korean church's sermon phenomenon in the late 20th century is the advent and diffusion of expository sermon. There are a few possible guesses as to the causes of this sudden phenomenon. The first factor is the need for preachers to overcome a uniform sermon patterns. The second factor in the drastic change in the Korean church sermon seems to be more closely related to the error in interpreting the text of the Bible. Amid this situation, the advent of expository preaching was reflected the public's desire to hear the word from God through the text of the Bible not trough peacher’s intention. Preachers ' interest in the sermon is actually trying to find out what the Bible's text is trying to convey. However, it is true that preachers is a lack of understanding about expository. At the center of such a lack of understanding is the misunderstanding of the Preachers, who took expository preaching as a verse by verse teaching. Of course, the verse by verse teaching is also a popular method of expository preaching. But what the scholars of the sermon point out is that such tangible fulfillment does not constitute the completion of the sermon's essence. The essence of expository preaching is to arrive at it from a constant attempt to define it, not from a methodological style. However, it is not to complete the sermon by presenting the Biblical concept that the text is intended to convey in a proper process. The agony of the Preachers, which must begin at that time, is in the realm of delivery. Preachers who have studied and deliberated expository sermon never overlook the importance of the realm of delivery : the methodological style. And they also think the way the congregation listens to the sermon is important. It is true that the methodological side of the preacher is extremely important, although it is not the fundamental area of the sermon. This paper carries on the discussion of the sermon in this light. In particular, it was pointed out that the sermon on the flow of text is not the only way to preach. In addition, we took a peek at the traditional sermon paradigm and the paradigm of the New Homiletic to gain a more effective approach to methodology. In particular, it attempted to maintain the clarity of the traditional sermon in the expository preaching by using three-step inductive flow. And it proposes the use of inductive methods to today's communication-oriented congregation.

This study aims to examine the relationships between the learners' task preferences (input vs. output, deductive vs. inductive, individual vs. group work) and task performances (noticing, successful uptake, and achievement in grammar instructions). The findings showed that task performances were influenced by L2 learners’ instructional preferences. The input or inductive preferences were negatively correlated with the performance in input-oriented instruction, while they performed well when the task type matched their preference, for example, output preference with output instruction. In addition, the low levels preferred the input or deductive styles while the high levels preferred the output-based instruction. Therefore, we should take into account L2 learners’ learning preferences or styles when deciding the types of instructions in grammar teaching.

In the field of contrastive rhetoric, many studies have been done on rhetorical organisation of native English speakers with patterns of other languages. Although there are numerous published contrastive rhetoric studies comparing native English speakers to speakers of other languages, research on the rhetorical pattern of native Malay-speaking students, or Malay ESL students, writing in English has received limited attention from investigators. Thus, it is the aim of this paper to investigate the discourse organisation employed by native Malay ESL students in their English argumentative essays. The essays were analysed based on the location of the thesis statement. Results indicate that the most frequently employed pattern was inductive followed by the deductive. A number of participants were also interviewed to gain insight on the motivations for the rhetorical decisions. Some pedagogical implications which arise from the findings are also discussed.

본 연구는 현장 중심형 학생선수 학습권 보장권을 확인하기 위한 귀납적 연구이다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 2020년 대학체육회 등록된 선수, 지도자와 선수 학부모, 정책 수립자를 유목적 표집(purposeful sampling)으로 전정하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 방법으로는 심층 면담(in-depth interview)을 채택하여 귀납 적 범주분석(inductive category analysis)을 통해 내용을 정리하였다. 이와 같은 연구 방법을 통해 도출된 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, 현장 중심형 학생선수의 학습권 보장을 위해서는 가장 먼저 학생 선수에 대한 이해가 가장 우선순위로 나타났고, 두 번째로, 학생선수들의 활동하고 있는 스포츠 현장의 이해가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째로 도출된 내용은 학생선수의 학습권 보장 관련 정책 방향의 재설정이 필요한 것 묶으화 되었고, 마지막으로 부모와 지도자를 포함한 중요타자의 역할이 매우 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

Objectives This study is an inductive study to confirm the right to guarantee the right to learn field-oriented student athletes. Methods In order to achieve the purpose of the study, athletes, leaders, athletes' parents, and policymakers registered with the University Sports Council in 2020 were selected as purposeful sampling. For data analysis, in-depth interview was adopted as a method, and the contents were organized through inductive category analysis. Results First, in order to guarantee the right to learn for field-oriented student athletes, understanding of student athletes was the first priority, and second, it was found that understanding of the sports field where student athletes are active was necessary. The third content derived was grouped into the need to reset the policy direction related to the guarantee of student athletes' right to learn, and finally, the role of important others, including parents and leaders, was found to be very important. Conclusions In order to realize the guarantee of the right to study for student athletes, the gap between policy and reality must be carefully reviewed, and details of the guarantee of the right to study that can be accepted by field subjects must be presented. It is necessary not to think of the reality that academy sports operators cannot accept the changed policies simply as trial and error, but to pay attention to a small number of voices. In addition, it is necessary to actively review what kind of life student athletes are living in Korean society and why they are living such a life.

HTS power cable bypass the fault current through the former to protect superconducting tapes. On the other hand, the fault current limiting (FCL) power cable can be considered to mitigate the fault current using its increased inductance and resistance. Using the increased resistance of the cable is similar to the conventional resistive fault current limiter. In case of HTS power cable, the magnetic field of HTS power cable is mostly shielded by the induced current on the shield layer during normal operation. However, quench occurs at the shield layer and its current is kept below its critical current at the fault condition. Consequently, the magnetic field starts to spread out and it generates additional inductive impedance of the cable. The inductive impedance can be enhanced more by installing materials of high magnetic susceptibility around the HTS power cable. It is a concept of SFCL power cable. In this paper, a sample SFCL power cable is suggested and experimental results are presented to investigate the effect of iron cover on the impedance generation. The tests results are analyzed to verify the generation of the inductive and resistive impedance. The analysis results suggest the possible applications of the SFCL power cable to reduce the fault current in a real grid.

Fault current limiting (FCL) cable is a kind of superconducting cable which has a function of limiting the fault current at the fault of power grid. The superconducting cable detours the fault current through its stabilizer to keep the temperature as low as possible. On the other hands, the FCL cable permits the temperature rise within some acceptable limit and the fault current is limited by the consequent increase of the resistance of superconducting cable. This kind of FCL cable is called ‘resistive FCL cable’ because it uses resistive impedance to limit the fault current. In this paper, we suggest a novel concept of FCL cable, which is named as ‘inductive FCL cable’. The inductive FCL cable is similar as the magnetic shielding fault current limiter in its operating mechanism. The magnetic field of superconducting cable is almost perfectly shielded by the induced current at the shielding layer during its normal operation. However, at the fault condition, quench occurs at the shielding layer by the induced current higher than its critical current and the magnetic field is spread out of the shielding layer. It will induce additional inductive impedance to the superconducting cable and the inductive impedance can be increased more by installing some material with high magnetic susceptibility around the superconducting cable. We examined the feasibility of inductive FCL cable with simple elemental experiments. The current limiting performance of inductive FCL cable was estimated considering an arbitrary power grid and its fault condition.

The knowledge consolidation model (KCM) combines the rules extracted using KBANN (NeuroRule), Frequency Matrix (which is similar to the Naïve Bayesian technique), and C5.0 algorithms. The KCM can effectively integrate multiple rule sets into one centralized knowledge base. The cumulative rules from other single models can improve overall performance as it can reduce error-term and increase R-square. The architecture of KCM also called an ensemble approach. The key idea in the KCM is to combine a number of classifiers such that the resulting combined system achieves higher classification accuracy and efficiency than the original single models (classifiers). The aim of KCM is to design a composite system that outperforms any individual classifier by pooling together the decisions of all classifiers. Compared to single models, this KCM is better in its performance as it consolidates knowledge from single models. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of KCM, personal credit rating dataset provided by a local bank in Seoul, Republic of Korea is used in this study. The results from the tests show that the performance of KCM is superior to that of the other single models such as multiple discriminant analysis, logistic regression, frequency matrix, neural networks, decision trees, and NeuroRule. Moreover, our model is superior to a previous algorithm for the extraction of rules from general neural networks.

The current study is designed to investigate the use of deductive and inductive grammar teaching approaches in online instructional videos in a fully online asynchronous learning context across four different grammar lessons. More specifically, the study aimed to analyze two aspects about these two options for grammar instruction; their impacts on effectiveness in learning the grammar, and also the students’ perceptions of the two options in terms of interest, effectiveness, and difficulty. To address these research aims, this study employed a quasi-experimental approach where 82 participants were divided into two groups, and each group was taught via only deductive instruction or only inductive instruction. As for the results, regarding effectiveness, an ANCOVA test resulted in no differences when comparing across all four lessons combined. Furthermore, Mann-Whitney U tests indicated no difference in effectiveness for each individual grammar lesson. Regarding student perceptions, ANOVA tests indicated no difference in the students’ perceptions of interest, effectiveness, or difficulty.

This study explored which type of explicit instruction (explicit-deductive or explicit-inductive) was more effective for Japanese EFL learners across different proficiency levels and examined the role of language analytic ability (LAA) in L2 proficiency and learning outcomes. This study also investigated how individual differences in LAA mediated the effects of these two types of explicit instructional approaches. The participants were 82 late learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). They completed a subtest of an aptitude test and a form-focused sentence correction test to measure their resulting performance. The results indicated that explicit-deductive grammar instruction might be more beneficial than explicit-inductive instruction for Japanese EFL learners with low proficiency. LAA had a positive effect on L2 proficiency, but the effects of individual differences in LAA on instructional outcomes were neutralised by more structured explicit grammar instruction in the case of Japanese EFL learners. Follow-up analyses showed that the interaction effect of LAA with explicit-deductive instruction was significant in the low-LAA group. This study highlights the importance of considering the interaction among LAA, language proficiency, and instructional conditions in the design of the most effective learning activities in Japanese EFL classrooms.

本研究では、異なる英語習熟度を持つ日本人の英語学習者に対して、文法の指導において演 繹的アプローチと帰納的アプローチのどちらの明示的指導方法が効果的かについて調査を行 った。また、言語適性が教育の成果にどのように影響するかについても検証した。82人の日 本人英語学習者を対象に、言語適性テストと英文の文法修正タスクを行い、文法の指導前と 指導後の成績の比較を行った。研究の結果、英語習熟度や言語適性の低い日本人学習者にと っては、演繹的なアプローチによる明示的文法指導の方が、帰納的なアプローチによる指導 よりも有益である可能性が示された。学習者の言語適性は英語の習熟度と正の相関関係があ ったが、指導の成果への影響は、確認されなかった。この結果より、日本における文法の指 導においては、言語適性、習熟度、および指導方法の相互作用を考慮することが重要である 可能性が示唆された。

Quench Detection System (QDS) is essential to guarantee the stable operation of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) Poloidal Field (PF) magnet system because the stored energy in the magnet system is very large. For the fast response, voltage-based QDS has been used. Co-wound voltage sensors and balanced bridge circuits were applied to eliminate the inductive voltages generated during the plasma operation. However, as the inductive voltages are hundreds times higher than the quench detection voltage during the pulse-current operation, Central Difference Averaging (CDA) and MIK, where I and K stand for mutual coupling indexes of different circuits, which is an active cancellation of mutually generated voltages have been suggested and studied. In this paper, the CDA and MIK technique were applied to the KSTAR magnet for PF magnet quench detection. The calculated inductive voltages from the MIK and measured voltages from the CDA circuits were compared to eliminate the inductive voltages at result signals.

목적: 본 연구는 Derma GenieTM-H001을 이용하여 세포 내 항산화, 항염, 광보호, 항안드로겐 및 모발 성장과 연관된 유전자 발현 변화 등을 평가하여 탈모 증상 완화를 위한 기능성 화장품 원료로의 Derma GenieTM의 적용 가능성을 입증하였다. 방법: 항염 효능 을 평가하기 위해서 NO assay를, 염증성 사이토카인의 유전자 발현 분석을 위해서는 qRT-PCR을 수행하였다. 모유두 세포 내 항 산화 작용 및 광 보호 효능을 확인하기 위해서 H2O2 처리 및 UVB가 조사된 모유두 세포에서 WST-1 assay, DCF-DA assay, LDH leakage assay, UVB-irradiation assay 등이 시행되었다. 또한 모유두세포 내 모발 성장과 연관된 유전자 발현 변화를 확인하기 위 해 qRT-PCR을 수행하였으며, 성장기 모발의 유도 가능성을 확인하였다. 결과: Derma GenieTM-H001에서 폴리페놀류 화합물 이 함유되어 있고, DPPH radical 소거능이 있음을 확인하였다. 2D monolayer 배양에서는 모유두세포에서 독성을 보이지 않고 세 포 증식률을 증가시켰으며, 3D spheroid 배양에서 모유두세포 구형 크기를 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 염증성 인자인 산화 질소 와 3종의 염증성 사이토 카인(TNF-α, IL-1β, NOS2)은 Derma GenieTM가 처리된 Raw 264.7 세포에서 현저하게 감소되었다. 또한 H2O2 처리 및 UVB가 조사된 모유두세포에서 Derma GenieTM가 상당한 세포 독성 완화 효능을 가지는 것을 확인했다. 마지막으로, qRT-PCR 분석을 통해 모발 퇴행을 야기하는 유전자 발현(AR, TGF-β1)은 감소시키고, 모발 성장에 필수적인 유전자 발현(ALPL, LEF1, VCAN, FGF2, FGF7, FGF10, WNT5A, VEGF)은 Derma GenieTM처리군에서 농도 의존적으로 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 이러한 연구 결과는 Derma GenieTM-H001이 세포 내에서 항염, 항산화, 항안드로겐, 광보호 작용 능력이 우수하였으며, 모 발 성장 개시를 위한 다양한 유전자의 발현 효과가 높게 나타나 탈모 완화 및 육모 기능성 화장품의 천연 소재로의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the potential of Derma Genie™-H001 as a functional cosmetic ingredient for alleviating hair loss symptoms by evaluating its impact on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, photoprotective, antiandrogenicity, and activation of hair growth-related gene expression. Methods: We employed various methods, including nitric oxide (NO) assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR, to estimate anti-inflammatory activities). Additionally, this study assessed antioxidative and photoprotective effects on human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiation assay. To investigate the anti-hair loss effects of Derma Genie™-H001, 3D spheroid culture and qRT-PCR were conducted. Results: Derma Genie™-H001 exhibited the characteristics of polyphenols and demonstrated 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Importantly, it showed no cytotoxicity on HDPCs and increased the diameter of HDPCs 3D spheroid. Inflammatory mediators such as NO and proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in Raw 264.7 cells treated with Derma Genie™. Moreover, Derma Genie™ exhibited substantial protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HDPCs. Notably, qRT-PCR analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of genes related to hair loss and an increase in the expression of genes associated with hair growth in HDPCs treated with Derma Genie™. Conclusion: Derma Genie™-H001 demonstrated promising effects in mitigating LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, UVB-induced cytotoxicity, and DHT-induced TGF-β1 expression. Furthermore, it significantly upregulated the expression of hair growth-related genes. These findings suggest that Derma Genie™ may serve as a valuable functional cosmetic ingredient for improving hair loss symptoms.

目的: 本通过评估 Derma GenieTM-H001 对抗炎、抗氧化、光保护、抗雄激素和激活毛发生长相关基因表达的 影响，评估 Derma GenieTM-H001作为缓解脱发症状的功能性化妆品成分的潜力。方法: 我们采用了多种方法， 包括一氧化氮(NO)测定和qRT-PCR，以评估抗炎活性。此外，本研究使用WST-1测定、DCF-DA 测定、LDH leakage assay, UVB-irradiation assay 评估了对人真皮乳头细胞 (HDPC) 的抗氧化和光保护作用。为了研究 Derma GenieTM-H001 的抗脱发效果，进行了3D球体培养和qRT-PCR。结果: Derma GenieTM-H001表现出多酚 的特性，并表现出 DPPH 自由基清除活性。重要的是，它对HDPC没有细胞毒性，并且增加了HDPC 3D 球体的 直径。在用Derma GenieTM处理的Raw 264.7细胞中，NO和促炎细胞因子等炎症介质以剂量依赖性方式减少。 此外，Derma GenieTM对HDPC中的过氧化氢(H2O2)和UVB诱导的细胞毒性表现出显着的保护作用。值得注意的 是，qRT-PCR 分析显示，在经Derma GenieTM处理的HDPC中，与脱发相关的基因表达减少，与毛发生长相关 的基因表达增加。结论: Derma Genie™-H001在减轻LPS诱导的促炎细胞因子、H2O2诱导的细胞毒性、UVB 诱 导的细胞毒性和DHT诱导的TGF-β1表达方面表现出良好的效果。此外，它还显着上调头发生长相关基因的表 达。这些发现表明Derma Genie™可作为一种有价值的功能性化妆品成分，用于改善脱发症状。

본 연구는 아동들의 귀납 추론과 범주화 과정을 통해 범주 정보인 범주명과 특성, 그리고 시각 정보가 추론 과정에서 차지하는 역할에 대해 알아보고 이를 심리적 본질주의 관점에서 이해하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 범주에서 특성을 추론하는 특성 추론 과제와 특성에서 범주를 추론하는 범주화 과제에서의 수행을 비교하였다. 4세, 5세 아동 71명과 성인 20명을 대상으로 특성 추론과 범주화 과제를 실시한 결과, 인간의 성별, 동물, 인간의 직업, 인공물의 영역 모두에서 범주화 과제보다 특성 추론 과제를 수행할 때 범주 정보를 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 제시된 특성이 익숙한 특성일 경우에는 특성 추론 과제와 범주화 과제 간의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 특성 추론 과제에서는 자연적 범주와 임의적 범주 간의 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 범주화 과제에서는 자연적 범주에 비해 임의적 범주에 대해 추론할 때 시각 정보의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 추론 과제 종류와 범주 종류에 관계없이 연령이 증가할수록 범주 정보를 더 많이 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과는 특성에 비해 범주명의 추론 가능성이 더 높다는 점을 보여주며, 성인과 마찬가지로 어린 아동들도 시각적 유사성보다 범주 정보를 추론 기준으로 더 많이 고려할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of category label, properties and visual appearance on children’s reasoning during inductive inference and categorization. A property inference task and a categorization task were used to examine the effects of category label and properties. The results based on the data collected from 71 4-and 5-year-old children and 20 adults indicated that the participants’ reasoning was more category-based during the property inference task than during the categorization task. However, this tendency was not significant when the properties were highly familiar. Perceptual cues played a strong role in the categorization task when categorizing arbitrary categories compared to natural categories, but this was not the case during the property inference task. The results also showed that older participants tended to use conceptual information (category labels and properties) more than did younger participants, regardless of tasks and domains. These findings indicate that category labels have higher inductive potential compared to properties in human reasoning, and that even young children may consider conceptual information as main information that may override other factors, such as perceptual similarity.

우리나라 유아와 초등학생의 귀납추리 발달이 유사성 포괄 모형(Osherson, Smith, Wilkie, Lopez, & Shafir, 1990)에 기초한 Lopez, Gelman, Gutheil과 Smith(1992)의 결과와 일치하는지 알아보았다. 실험 1에서 유아와 초등학생의 귀납추리 현상에 대한 수행이 Lopez 등(1992)의 결과와 일치하지 않았다. 유아들의 귀납추리 판단 능력이 발견되지 않았으며, 초등학생 역시 저조한 수행을 보였다. 특히 귀납추리 과제를 수행하기 전에 연습문제로 제시된 친숙성 문항에 대한 정답률이 상당히 낮았다. 이런 결과는 범주화 능력에서의 차이로 판단되어, 실험 2에 참가한 유․아동들은 범주화 과제를 해결하는 훈련회기를 실시한 후, 귀납판단 과제를 수행하였다. 그 결과 초등학생은 Lopez 등(1992)의 결과와 비슷한 귀납추리 패턴을 보였으나, 유아들의 귀납추리 능력은 여전히 미흡하였다. 그러므로 실험 3에서는 유아만을 대상으로 좀 더 명시적인 범주화 훈련을 했을 때 귀납추리 능력이 향상되는지를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 친숙성 문항에 대한 정답률이 Lopez 등(1992)의 연구 결과 수준으로 향상되면서 귀납추리 판단 능력도 거의 일치하는 반응패턴을 보였다. 우리나라 유․아동의 귀납추리 판단 능력이 표면적으로는 부족해 보이지만, 범주 개념에 대한 표상이 명료화되면 귀납추리 판단 능력도 잘 발휘될 수 있었다. 이 연구는 우리나라 유․아동의 귀납추리 판단 능력의 양상을 밝혔다는 점과 범주화와 귀납추리 간의 관계를 명확히 하였으며, 우리나라 유․아동이 지니고 있는 범주화 지식이 암묵적이지만, 짧은 훈련으로도 범주화 지식이 쉽게 활성화되어 명시적으로 발현될 수 있다는 것을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The present study examined whether the pattern of development of inductive reasoning for Korean children is consistent with that for American children as demonstrated in the work by Lopez, Gelman, Gutheil, and Smith(1992) which applied a Similarity Coverage Mode(Osherson, Smith, Wilkie, Lopez, & Shafir, 1990) to children's inductive reasoning. Experiment 1, this study replicated several inductive phenomena of Lopez et al.(1992). Performance of Korean children not well solved as compared with Lopez et al.'s. Korean children showed lower performance about familiarization task as well as inductive task. Familiarization task simple decide to which category belong to each instances in order to practice inductive task. Performance of participants needs to improvement. In experiment 2, Researchers observed whether categorization training result in improvement of children' performance. The result showed ability of inductive reasoning was improved as much as Lopez et al.'s for the grade three in the several phenomena. However, preschoolers did not show performance of familiarization task is not match to Lopez et al's. In experiment 3, After training more explicit categorization to only preschoolers, Korean preschooler showed familiarization task and inductive task were consistent with Lopez et al's results. These experiment shows inductive ability of Korean children is lower on the surface than American's. However, After focusing on categorization through short training, Inductive performance of Korean children's improved. Abstract of category concept is implicit because of focusing on relation in Korean language. This study proposes that implicit categorization ability reveals explicit one through short training, what pattern show Korean children in the inductive development, and what is the relation between ability of inductive reasoning and categorization reasoning.

본 논문에서는 귀납적 위험으로부터의 논증을 통해 현행 도덕과 교 육과정에서 다루고 있는 과학기술의 가치 중립성 이상을 비판적으로 검토한다. 귀납적 위험으로부터의 논증이란 과학적 추론에서 귀납적 위험, 즉 잘못된 선택을 내릴 가능성을 완전히 피할 수 없으므로, 오류 의 여파에 관한 가치가 과학에 적법하게 개입한다는 주장이다. 귀납적 위험을 둘러싼 최근 연구는 도덕교육에 있어 첫째, 과학의 정당화에 가치를 완전히 배제해야 한다는 단정적인 선언을 경계해야 하며, 둘째, 가치의 적법한 역할에 관한 토론이 필요하고, 셋째, 과학자의 사회적 책임에 대한 논의를 확장할 수 있음을 시사한다.

This paper critically examines the value-neutrality ideal of science and technology in the current moral education through the lens of the argument from inductive risk and then analyses the implications of inductive risk for moral education. The argument from inductive risk refers to the idea that science cannot be entirely free from values due to the inherent possibility of error in scientific inference. Recent discussions on inductive risk suggest the following implications for moral education: First, caution is needed when asserting that the process of justification should be entirely value-free. Second, further discussion is required to clarify the legitimate roles of values in science. Third, debates on the social responsibility of scientists can be expanded in light of these considerations.

본 연구는 포스트 코로나 시대를 대비한 전라남도 지역의 생활체육 활성화를 위해 지역 특성에 맞는 활성화 방안이 필요하겠다. 이를 위해 귀납적 범주분석을 활용하였으며, 전문가 심층분석으로 실질적이고 현실적인 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 더불어, 현 국가정책인 뉴딜 정책을 반영한 새로운 생활체육 패러다임 수립과 포스트 코로나 시대를 대비한 스포 츠 환경을 분석해 전라남도의 합리적인 개정 방향에 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 2단계의 자료분석이 이루어졌다. 첫째, 문헌자료를 분석해 지자체의 생활체육 활성화 방안과 연구동향을 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 다양한 영역의 요인을 탐색하였다. 둘째, 전문가 집단을 대상으로 FGI 분석을 하였으며, 앞서 도출된 다양한 영역의 요인 중 전라남도 생활체육 활성화 요인에 부합한 구성개념을 추출하였다. 분석결과 전라남도 생활체육 활성화 요인은 코로나 19 운영, 스포츠 산업, 행정 및 제도, 생활체육 활성화 방안의 4가지 영역으로 요약 구분되었다.

In this study, in order to revitalize life sports in Jeollanam-do in preparation for the post-corona era, it is necessary to develop an activation plan suitable for regional characteristics. To this end, inductive category analysis was used, and an in-depth expert analysis was used to find a practical and realistic plan. In addition, we intend to present basic data for the rational revision direction of Jeollanam-do by establishing a new sports paradigm reflecting the current national policy, the New Deal, and analyzing the sports environment in preparation for the post-corona era. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, two stages of data analysis were performed. First, by analyzing the literature data, the local government's ways to vitalize physical education and research trends were examined, and factors in various fields were explored through this. Second, FGI analysis was conducted targeting the expert group, and among the factors of various fields derived above, the constituent concepts suitable for the vitality of sports in Jeollanam-do were extracted. As a result of the analysis, the factors for vitalizing sports in Jeollanam-do were summarized into four areas: Corona 19 operation, sports industry, administration and system, and measures to revitalize daily sports.