Earticle

특권의식은 직원들이 고용 관계에 대한 과대 인식과 고용 관계에 대한 비현실적인 기대를 형성하게 하는 경향이 있다. 예를 들어, 직원들이 자신의 조직에서 받을 것에 대한 기대가 크면 클수록, 보다 높은 급여, 보너스, 각종 프로모션 등을 당연히 받을 만 하다고 생각한다는 것이다. 결과적으로, 심리적 특권의식(psychological entitlement)은 수많은 직장에 대한 부정적인 태도 및 행동과 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그런데 기존연구에서는 대부분의 연구들이 직장을 대상으로 이루어지지 않아, 특권의식이 직장에서의 태도와 행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 더욱이 특권의식에 관한 연구에 있어 직장 일탈행동과 성과와의 관계를 검증한 연구는 미흡하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 심리적 특권의식과 직장 일탈행동(deviant behavior) 간의 관계를 검증하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로 심리적 특권의식과 일탈행동 간의 관계에 있어 조직 공정성(organizational justice)과 조직 지원 인식(perceived organizational support)의 조절효과를 검증하고자 한다. 대한민국의 494개 기업의 직원들을 대상으로 검증한 결과, 심리적 특권의식과 직장 일탈행동은 양의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과에 있어서는 분배공정성(distributive justice), 상호작용공정성(interactional justice) 및 조직지원인식(perceived organizational support)의 효과는 유효했으나, 절차공정성(procedural justice)의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 가설과 같이 분배공정성과 조직지원인식은 특권의식과 일탈행동을 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 상호작용공정성은 반대 방향으로 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 심리적 특권의식이 종업원의 일탈행동을 증가시킬 수 있으나, 조직공정성 및 조직지원과 같은 요인들이 직원들의 일탈행동을 완화시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 특권의식에 관한 기존연구를 보완하고 있다.

Individuals form various relationships and perceive expectations about them. Within an employment relationship, an employer and employee form expectations about each others’ inputs and outputs. Generally, the relationship should be perceived to be equitable and reciprocal as both the employer and employee fulfill their contributions and receive benefits from each other. However, relationships are not always equitable and reciprocal and can form feelings of entitlement. Entitlement tends to allow individuals to form inflated self-perceptions and unrealistic expectations about their employment relationship. For example, when employees have high expectations about what they should receive from their organization, they believe that they deserve more from their organizations such as higher salaries, bonuses, and promotions regardless of their contributions toward the organization. Subsequently, psychological entitlement has been found to be associated with numerous negative attitudinal and behavioral outcomes such as aggression and conflict. As research has consistently found entitlement to result in detrimental outcomes, entitlement research has gained some academic attention. However, there has been limited empirical studies on entitlement, especially within organizational behavior. Within the literature, most of the studies have not been conducted at the workplace context; thus, creating a need to further research on how organizations can maintain and manage the detrimental effects of entitlement on workplace attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, entitlement research has yet to be empirically tested with performance behaviors such as deviant behaviors and include boundary conditions for psychological entitlement with its behavioral outcomes. Therefore, this study empirically tests the relationship between psychological entitlement and deviant behavior and the moderating effects of organizational justice and perceived organizational support. The study sampled 494 corporate employees in South Korea and found psychological entitlement to be positively associated with workplace deviant behavior. For the moderating variables, distributive, interactional justice, and perceived organizational support were found to moderate the relationship while procedural justice did not moderate the relationship. As hypothesized, distributive justice and perceived organizational support were found to mitigate the effects of entitlement on deviant behavior. However, interactional justice was unexpectedly found to moderate the relationship in the opposite direction. Therefore, the study suggests that psychological entitlement can increase the likelihood of employees engaging in workplace deviant behavior while organizational facets such as organizational justice and perceived organizational support can help organizations and managers to mitigate and manage entitlement perceptions toward workplace deviant behavior. Furthermore, due to the study results, this study further bridges the gap within entitlement literature.

차별은 이전부터 만연하였던 사회적 문제였지만, 우리나라의 경우 최근에서야 차별에 대한 문제점을 인지하게 되었다. 특히, 청소년들 사이에서 차별이 확산되면서 이러한 차별이 곧 학교폭력으로 이어지게 되는 결과가 나타나면서 차별 방지를 위한 대책이 요구되고 있다. 이에 Agnew(1992)의 일반긴장이론에 근거하여 청소년의 사이버폭력 피 해경험이 긴장을 발생시켜 일탈행위로 간주될 수 있는 차별 가해경험과의 관계를 파악 하고자 하였고, 긍정적인 요인인 자아존중감의 조절변수를 투입하여 차별 가해경험이 감소되는 경향이 나타나는지 확인하고자 하였다. 연구에는 전국의 중·고등학생을 대 상으로 총 6,271개의 자료가 활용되었다. 조절효과 분석을 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실 시한 결과, 사이버폭력 피해경험이 차별 가해경험에 정(+)적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였고, 자아존중감은 차별 가해경험에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것을 파악하였다. 하지만, 사이버폭력 피해경험과 차별 가해경험 관계에서 자아존중감의 조절효과는 통 계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 차별을 예방 할 수 있는 대안을 제안하고자 한다.

Discrimination has been a prevalent social problem before, but it has been recently recognized in the Korean society. In particular, as discrimination has been prevalent among adolescents, such discrimination has led to serious school violence. Based on Agnew’s(1992) general strain theory, the relationship between victimization of cyber-bullying in adolescence and perpetration of discrimination, which can be regarded as a deviant behavior has been tried to analyze. Also, the moderating effect of self-esteem has been examined. A total of 6,271 data were used for middle and high school students. As a result of conducting a hierarchical regression analysis for moderating effect, the cyber-bullying victimization experiences have a positive(+) impact on perpetration of discrimination, whereas self-esteem has a negative(-) impact on it. However, the moderating effect of self-esteem was not statistically significant in the relationship between the victimization of cyber-bullying and perpetration of discrimination. These findings suggest the prevention and interventions.

군에서 전투력을 저하시키는 큰 요인 중 하나는 일탈행위이다. 이러한 일탈행위를 근절하기 위해 민간전문상담관의 확대, 그린캠프 기능의 강화, 각종 예방교육의 증대, 강한 처벌 등 많은 노력을 기울여 왔다. 하지만 군에서 일탈행위 발생은 감소하지 않고 있어 방지대책을 검토하고 재평가하여 예방대책을 강구해야 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구목적은 현재 육군에서 시행하고 있는 일탈행위 예방제도의 효과성 인식 정도를 확인하고, 일탈행위 예방을 위한 추가적인 방법을 제시하고자 한 다. 다만, 다양한 일탈행위 중에서 부대지휘와 전투력, 사기에 큰 영향을 미치는 자살, 폭력, 성폭력을 중심으로 연구를 수행하였다. 연구방법은 정부 관계부처와 각종 연구기관의 문헌 자료 연구와 더불어 육군 장병 524명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 통해 연구를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 2020년 5월 1일부 터 21일까지 약 3주간 실시하였으며, 불성실한 답변을 제외한 나머지 521건을 최종 분 석에 사용하였다. 분석방법은 빈도분석과 t-test, 교차분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 육군에서 시행하고 있는 일탈행위 예방대책은 효과성도 있지만 현 제도를 악용하는 현상 등이 다수 나타나고 있다고 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 시행 중인 예 방대책에 추가한 예방대책이 필요하며, 특히 환경 분야의 개선이 필요하다는 인식을 하 고 있었다. 셋째, 환경 분야 개선방안으로 지방자치단체와 경찰에서 추진하여 지역사회 의 범죄감소 효과를 내고 있는 CPTED를 육군 내에도 도입하는 것이 효과적이라는 인 식을 하고 있었다. 이에 CPTED를 적용하는 방안에 대한 정책적 제언을 하고자 한다.

One of the major factors that reduces combat power in the military is deviant behavior. In order to eradicate such deviant behavior, the government has been making great efforts to expand private counselors, strengthen green camp functions, increase various preventive education, and strengthen punishment. However, the occurrence of deviant behavior is not decreasing. Against this backdrop, this study aims to identify the degree of effectiveness of the deviant behavior prevention system currently being implemented by the Army and to provide additional ways to prevent deviant behavior. However, among various deviant acts, research is carried out focusing on unit command, combat capabilities, suicide, violence, and sexual violence that have a significant impact on morale. A survey was conducted on 524 Army soldiers nationwide to confirm the effectiveness of the current Army's deviant prevention system and the need for additional measures. The survey was conducted for about three weeks from May 1 to May 21, 2020, and 521 people were used for the final analysis, except for those who gave an unfaithful answer. Frequency analysis, t-test, and cross-analysis were performed. According to the analysis, first, it was recognized that the Army's measures to prevent deviant acts are effective, but there are many cases of abuse of the current system. Second, it was recognized that preventive measures added to the prevention measures being implemented were needed, especially in the environmental sector. Third, as a way to improve the environment sector, it was recognized that it was effective to introduce CPTED, which is being promoted by local governments and police to reduce crime in the community, within the Army. Therefore, I would like to make a policy suggestion on applying CPTED.

The purpose of this study was placed to analyze the causal relationship between deviant behavior, adaptive behavior, self-regulation ability and the involved variables of e-sports game in korean youths. The subjects were 890 middle school students of 13-15 years old male. The results are as follows. First, There was a positive relationship between the involved variables of e-sports game and self-regulating ability. Second, There was a negative relationship between the involved variables of e-sports game and deviant behavior. Third, There was a positive relationship between the involved variables of e-sports game and adaptive behavior. Fourth, there is the negative relationship between self-regulating ability and deviant behavior. Fifth, There was a positive relationship between self-regulation ability and adaptive behavior. In conclusion, raising the attitude of parents suggest that an important variable in the self-regulation and social behavior of young people to enjoy the e-sports games.

Recent studies have assumed that OCRs could be untruthful since sometimes OCRs have made by business related people (e.g., owners and competitors) not real consumers, especially in the early stage when a company entered the market. Therefore, this study collected a total number of 4,450 OCRs of newly opened restaurants(NORs) and long running restaurants(LRRs) from Yelp.com and investigated (1) whether reviews of NORs has time trend and (2) whether there are different characteristics in reviews in accordance with the business stage of restaurants and review ratings. The results revealed that review ratings of NORs have U-shaped distribution, but the extremity of positive reviews follow a falling trend over time, and showed that the textual and source information of extreme rating reviews of NORs show different patterns from that of LRRs.

이 연구는 청소년들의 이종격투기 시청에 따른 공격행동이 일탈행동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있었다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 2019년 서울에 위치한 중･고등학생들을 대상으로 280명을 집락무선표집방법을 이용하여 추출하였으며, 불성실한 자료 41명을 제외하고 최종적으로 이 연구에는 239명을 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계분석(descriptive statistics analysis), 신뢰도분석(reliability analysis), 상관관계분 석(correlation analysis)을 사용하였고, AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 확인적요인분석과 구조방정식모형 검증방 법을 사용하였으며, 분석된 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 청소년의 이종격투기 시청은 공격행동에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 둘째, 청소년의 이종격투기 시청은 일탈행동에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. 셋째, 청소년의 이종격투기 시청에 따른 공격행동은 일탈행동에 통계적으로 유의한 영향(p<.001)을 미친다. 따라서 청소년들 의 이종격투기 시청에 대하여 학부모들의 적절한 지도가 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adolescent's aggressive behavior to deviant behavior according to mixed martial fight viewing. In order to achieve this purpose, 280 subjects were selected among participants of middle school and high school in the Seoul area by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Out of the 280 questionnaires responded to, only 239 were used data analyses because 41 were responded to incompletely or incorrectly. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in which aggressive behavior and deviant behavior consisted of items identified by Choi(2002) and Kim(2003) respectively. The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and the following results were obtained: First, viewing of mixed martial fight has a non-effect statistically and significantly of aggressive behavior. Second, viewing of mixed martial fight has a non-effect statistically and significantly of deviant behavior. Third, adolescent's aggressive behavior has a significant positive effect on deviant behavior.

본 연구는 관리자의 변혁적 리더십이 조직원들의 도움행동과 일탈행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 가치 일치성의 조절효과를 검증하여 효율적 경영관리를 위한 프로세스 도입 및 인적자원관리를 위한 방안을 제 시하기 위하여 진행하였다. 이를 위하여 서울, 경기, 충남 지역의 사무관리, 영역/마케팅, 제조업 등에 근무하는 직원들에게 설문지 를 배포하여 최종 334부의 자료를 실증분석에 활용하였다. 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용 분석하였으며, 신뢰성 분석, 타당성을 위한 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 연구가설 검증을 위한 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구의 가설 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변혁적 리더십의 카리스마는 도움행동에 유의미한 부의 영향관계를 나타내었으며, 변혁적 리더십의 지적자극과 개별적 배려는 도움행동에 정의 영향을 나타내었 다. 둘째, 변혁적 리더십의 카리스마는 일탈행동에 부의 영향을 나타낸 반면, 변혁적 리더십의 지적자극과 개별적 배려의 하위 구성요소는 일탈행동에 유의한 영향관계를 나타내지 않았다. 셋째, 가치일치정도에 대 한 변혁적 리더십과 도움행동 간의 조절효과는 변혁적 리더십의 카리스마와 개별적 배려에 조절효과를 나 타내었으며, 변혁적 리더십과 일탈행동 간에 대하여는 개별적 배려에 조절효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 구성원의 도움행동을 증가 시키고 일탈행동을 감소시키는 변혁적 리더십의 효과성을 검 증하였다. 이를 바탕으로 조직의 지속가능성을 높이기 위한 관리자들의 변혁적 리더십 향상 프로그램 개발 의 필요성을 제안하였다. 그리고 가치일치성의 조절효과에 대한 부분적 영향관계도 확인하였다. 또한, 카리 스마의 부의 영향 관계는 경영관리 프로세스 설계에 유의점을 시사하고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the transformational leadership on helping behaviors and deviant behaviors of organizational members and to verify the control effect of value consistency and to suggest a process for effective business management and human resource management. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed to employees working in office management, area marketing, and manufacturing industries in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces, and the final 334 copies were used for empirical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, and reliability analysis, factor analysis for validity, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to verify the research hypothesis. The results of the empirical analysis based on the questionnaire based on the object are as follows. First, charisma of transformational leadership showed negative impact on helping behavior, and intellectual stimulation of transformational leadership and individual care showed positive influence on helping behavior. Second, charisma of transformational leadership showed negative influence on deviant behavior, whereas intellectual stimulation of transformational leadership and sub - constitutional factor of individual care did not show significant influence on deviant behavior. Third, as a result of confirming the moderating role of transformational leadership and helping behavior on the level of value consistency, it showed moderating effects on charisma and individual consideration of transformational leadership. Through this study, we proved the effectiveness of transformative leadership which increases the helping behaviors of the members and reduces the deviant behavior. Based on this, we proposed the necessity of developing managers' transformational leadership improvement program to enhance the sustainability of the organization. And we confirmed the partial influence relationship on the adjustment effect of value consistency. In addition, negative influence of charisma suggests a significant point in the management process design.

Customer incivility behavior has become an increasingly prevalent and important workplace stressor in hospitality industry. However, relatively little research has examined the effects of customer incivility behavior. The purpose of this study aimed to explore 1) the relationships between customer incivility behavior and the flight attendant’s emotional exhaustion 2) the relationship between customer incivility behavior and deviant behavior 3) the relationship between emotional exhaustion and deviant behavior 4) mediating effect of the flight attendant’s emotional exhaustion. To achieve these purposes, questionnaire was developed based on previous study and data were collected by the flight attendant’s. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed and 286 valid and complete questionnaires were collected for empirical data analysis. Then the data and hypotheses were examined. The results of the study are as follows; First, the results of this study shows that customer incivility behavior has a positive effect on the flight attendant’s emotional exhaustion and deviant behavior. Second, emotional exhaustion has a positive effect on the deviant behavior. Third, it has been found that the emotional exhaustion mediating effects between customer incivility behavior and deviant behavior.

본 연구는 상사, 부하 개인 간 맥락에서 예방초점 부합이 부하직원의 역할 내 행동과 일탈행동에 미치는 효과와 더불어 이 과정에서 상사의 거래적 리더십의 조절효과를 규명 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 공공조직과 다양한 업종에 종사하고 있는 민간조직의 구성원들 중 직속상사와 부하 1인을 하나의 쌍으로 해서 총 245쌍(490名) 을 대상으로 실증분석 하였다. 예방초점 부합 효과와 거래적 리더십의 조절효과는 다차항 회귀분석과 반응표면방법론으로 검증되었다. 자료분석결과, 예방초점 부합은 역할 내 행동과 일탈행동에서 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 조절효과 분석결과, 거래적 리더십 은 예방초점 부합과 역할 내 행동의 정(+)적 관계는 강화시키는 반면, 일탈행동과의 부(-) 적 관계는 약화시켰다. 본 연구는 조절 적합성 연구를 개인 간 맥락으로 확장시켰다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 아울러 부합의 측정과 관련하여 차이점수를 사용하지 않고, 다차항 회귀분석을 통해 부합의 수준에 따른 구체적인 결과를 이끌어 내었다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별화된다.

This study looks at the impact of superior-subordinate prevention focus fit on the in-role behavior and deviant behavior of subordinates and identifies how the impact of prevention focus fit influencing the dependent variable differs depending on the transactional leadership of superior. In this study, empirical analysis was conducted on 245 pairs in total(490 individuals) who are subordinates and their superior who are members of a public organization and private-sector workers in various industries. Hypothesis testing was verified by polynomial regression and response surface methodology. As a result, there is no significant relationship between superior-subordinate prevention focus fit and dependent variables. This study demonstrates that transactional leadership reinforce(mitigate) the relationship between prevention focus fit and in-role behavior(deviant behavior). While many regulatory fit studies in the past have been conducted in the intrapersonal context, this study is meaningful in that it has been expanded to the interpersonal context to examine it and demonstrate its effectiveness.

본 논문에서는 상사의 비인격적 감독이 부하의 행동적 측면에서 직장 내 일탈행동에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검증함으로써 개인뿐만 아니라 조직에 미치는 부정적 결과를 살펴보았다. 부하의 일탈행동을 조직에 대한 일탈행동과 상사에 대한 일탈행동으로 구분하여 상사의 비인격적 감독이 이 행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 비인격적 감독과 부하의 일탈행동의 관계를 조절할 수 있는 변인으로 부하의 개인적 특성인 자기존중감과 부하의 심리적 임파워먼트를 파악하고 어떠한 조절효과를 나타내는가를 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석을 위해 40여개 기업조직 구성원 271명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하여 분석한 결과, 상사의 비인격적 감독이 부하의 직장 내 일탈행동에 영향을 미친다는 연구결과를 확인하였다. 본 연구결과 첫째, 비인격적 감독이 가해자인 상사에 대한 부하의 일탈행동 뿐 아니라 조직에 대한 일탈행동을 증가시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 비인격적 감독과 부하의 조직에 대한 일탈행동 간의 관계에서 부하의 자기 존중감의 조절효과는 확인되지 않았지만, 비인격적 감독과 부하의 상사에 대한 일탈행동 간의 관계에서 부하의 자기 존중감의 조절효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 부하의 심리적 임파워먼트가 비인격적 감독과 부하의 직장 내 일탈행동 간의 관계에서 조절효과를 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉 부하의 자기 존중감과 심리적 임파워먼트가 높을 경우 비인격적 감독과 부하의 직장 내 일탈행동 간의 정적 관계가 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점, 제한점 및 향후 연구과제에 대해 논의하였다.

In this thesis, the effects of abusive supervisors on employee behavior, especially deviant behavior in the workplace, are empirically verified. The aim is to determine the negative effects on both individuals and organizations. Deviant behavior in the workplace was divided into organizational deviance and supervisor -directed deviance in order to determine the effects of abusive supervision in the respective areas. In addition, regarding variables that moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant behavior, the individual characteristic of self-esteem and the status of psychological empowerment of employees are studied in order to analyze their moderating effects. For the empirical analysis, 271 employees from 40 corporations were surveyed, and from the analysis of the collected data, the effects of abusive supervision on deviant behavior of employees in the workplace were confirmed. The results were as follows; firstly; abusive supervision increases not only deviant behavior towards supervisors but also towards the organization Secondly, moderating effects of self-esteem were unverified in the relationship between the deviant behavior of employees towards their supervisors and organizations; however, moderating effects of self-esteem seemed significant in the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant behavior of employees Thirdly, it was determined that psychological empowerment has a moderating effect in the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant behavior of employees in the workplace.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the formation process of deviant behavior of elderly people in Korea and present supporting data for the crime prevention and the enhancement of the quality of life of the elderly people by exploring the chances of recovery through regular leisure activities. To achieve this research purpose, elderly people aged over 65 in Incheon City were selected as the subjects of this research by using purposeful sampling. First, it was found that the elderly people in the deviant behavior formation period felt the sense of alienation from the retirement of social activities, or the sense of loneliness and isolation after the death of spouse or moving out of their children, and the sense of relative deprivation in the loneliness and in their appearance different from the past, and they suffered from much stress through conflicts between family members and the members of society amid the isolation and severance. However, it was found that the degree of satisfaction with life, the sense of happiness and confidence were enhanced through regular leisure activities. Second, it was found that the elderly people in the deviant behavior conflict period felt the sense of helplessness amid death of people around them and uneasiness about their own future, and justified the social deviant behavior taking advantage of social position of elderly people and expressed their anger at society. However, it was found that through participation in regular leisure activities, the sense of helplessness and the dissatisfaction with society were reduced and the positive thinking and the degree of satisfaction with life were enhanced. Third, it was found that the elderly people in the deviant behavior formation period committed deviant behavior such as crimes due to isolation from society, the sense of economic deprivation and psychological pressures after retirement. However, it was found that as they interacted with society members with the same interests through participation in regular leisure activities, they showed resocialization through which they resolved psychological uneasiness.

The purpose fo this study was to find out the effect of leisure activity participation on the deviant behavior prediction factors of elderly in korea through analysis of the intermediating effect of resilience. The participation fo this study 364 elderly people who were convenient sampling from the elderly residents in seoul. For accomplishing this study analyzing the collected data were reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, standard multiple regression analysis. From the analysis of this study, the following conclusion were obtained: Frist according to the participated in leisure activities of elderly people, it was partially effected on deviant behavior prediction factors and resilience. Second, the degree of participation of elderly people's leisure activities, it was partially effected on deviant behavior prediction factors and resilience. Lastly the elderly deviant behavior prediction factors and resilience are related to the intermediating effect of resilience

본 연구에서는 조직지원인식이 구성원의 직장 내 일탈행동에 미치는 과정을 알아보기 위해 먼저, 조직지원인식이 정서적 몰입에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 그리고 정서적 몰입이 구성원의 직장 내 일탈행동(조직 일탈행동, 대인관계 일탈행동)에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 또한 조직지원인식과 직장 내 일탈행동 간의 관계에서 정서적 몰입의 매개역할을 밝히고, 정서적 몰입과 일탈행동 간의 관계를 강화시킬 수 있는 조절변수로 조직기반 자긍심을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 자료는 기업체 종업원을 대상으로 설문지 252부를 수집하였으며 회귀분석을 이용한 실증분석 결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직지원인식과 정서적 몰입 간에 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 검증되었으며, 조직지원에 대한 지각이 높을수록 정서적 몰입이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정서적 몰입과 직장 내 일탈행동 간에 부(-)의 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 정서적 몰입이 구성원의 조직 일탈행동 및 대인관계 일탈행동 감소에 영향을 미치는 것이다. 셋째, 조직지원인식과 직장 내 일탈행동 간의 관계에 있어 정서적 몰입의 매개효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 정서적 몰입과 대인관계 일탈행동 간의 관계에서 조직기반자긍심의 조절효과가 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 구성원의 조직지원인식이 조직에 대한 정서적 몰입의 선행요인임을 검증함으로써 조직지원인식을 정서적 몰입의 발생 동기로 인식할 수 있었다. 또한 조직지원인식을 통해 발생한 정서적 몰입이 구성원의 직장 내 일탈행동을 감소시키는 영향력을 밝힘으로써, 조직이 구성원들의 기여와 가치를 인정하고 이들의 복지에 적극적인 관심을 가지도록 노력을 촉구하는 한편 이에 부응하는 조직문화를 구축할 필요성을 강조한다. 본 연구는 조직지원인식이 구성원의 조직 및 구성원에 대한 부정적인 행동의 감소에 의미 있는 역할을 한다는 실증 자료를 제공했다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

In this study, the effect of perceived organizational support on affective commitment, in order to investigate the effects of perceived organizational support on employees' deviant behavior in the workplace, is firstly verified. Then the effect of affective commitment on employees' deviant behavior in the workplace(organizational deviant behavior and interpersonal deviant behavior) is verified. In addition, the mediating role of affective commitment on the relationship between perceived organizational support and deviant behavior is revealed. Organization-based self-esteem as the moderating variable that can strengthen the relationship between affective commitment and deviant behavior is verified. 252 employees were participated in the study and structural equation analysis was employed to examine the hypotheses. The following is a summary of the results. First, affective commitment increases as perceived organizational support increases. In other words, the higher employees' perception for organizational support are, the higher affective commitment are. Second, deviant behavior in the workplace decreases as affective commitment increases, that is affective commitment have contributed to the decrease in employees' organizational deviant behavior and interpersonal deviant behavior. Third, affective commitment was empirically verified to have a mediating effect between perceived organizational support and deviant behavior in the workplace. Also, the moderating effect of Organization-based self-esteem was verified in the relationship between affective commitment and interpersonal deviant behavior in the workplace. Based on these findings, it was determined that perceived organizational support is a significant antecedent of affective commitment and perceived organizational support can be recognized as the motive of affective commitment. The exchange between the employee and employer is positively related to employees' feelings of perceived organizational support and affective commitment to the organization and reciprocation in the form of lower levels of deviant behavior. Therefore, results also revealed that employees' perceptions of organizational support have an influence on their attitudes and behavior. Our findings emphasize the importance of valuing employees and investing in their well-being in the workplace.

본 연구에서는 사회 비교 관점을 적용하여 리더-구성원 교환관계(leader-member exchange)를 상대적으로 측정하고, 이러한 상대적 LMX(LMX social comparison, 이하 LMXSC)가 개인의 조직몰입 및 일탈행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 이들 간의 관계에서 지각된 상사 지위가 조절효과를 갖는지 검증해 보았다. 연구를 위하여 국내 기업에 재직 중인 306명의 직장인을 대상으로 온·오프라인 설문조사를 자기보고식으로 실시하였다. 연구결과, 상사와 부하 교환관계의 상대적 질(LMXSC)이 조직몰입에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 지각된 상사 지위가 LMXSC와 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 강화시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 일탈행동에 대한 가설은 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 조직 연구에 있어서 LMX의 상대적 질의 중요성을 발견하였고 이를 측정하는 방식에 있어서 사회 비교적 맥락을 반영한 측정 방식의 정교화를 시도했다는 데 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점을 지적하고 향후 연구를 위한 가능성을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this present study was to investigate the influence of LMXSC(Leader-Member exchange social comparison) on organizational commitment and deviant behavior in workplace. It was also tested whether perceived leader status moderates the relationship between LMXSC and organizational commitment and deviant behavior. Data were collected from 306 employees who were working in various organizations. The results showed that (a) LMXSC was positively related to the organizational commitment, (b) perceived leader status moderated the relationship between LMXSC and organizational commitment. The relationship between LMXSC and deviant behavior was, however, not significant. Moderating effect of perceived leader status on relationship between LMXSC and deviant behavior was not significant, either. Based on these results, implications of these findings, limitations and future study directions were discussed.

The purpose of this study was to test empirically the moderating effects of encouragement on relations between hotel managers' charismatic leadership and employees' deviant behavior. For this purpose, the investigator employed the questionnaire technique in empirical study and conducted a survey with employees at deluxe hotels in Seoul. Collected data went through a coding process and frequency analysis with the SPSS Win 23.0 statistical package program. Validity and reliability analysis was conducted for charismatic leadership, deviant behavior and encouragement. In addition, regression analysis and multi-group analysis was carried out to examine influential relations among the variables and the effects of charismatic leadership on deviant behavior via the moderating effects of encouragement, respectively. The test results were as follows: first, charismatic leadership had positive(+) effects on deviant behavior; and secondly, encouragement had moderating effects on relations between charismatic leadership and deviant behavior. Based on these findings, hotel managers need to help employees have less anger and deal with their deviant behavior efficiently through their wholehearted encouragement based on stable labor-management relations and management by communication, thus maintaining their cooperative relations with the employees in which the employees will trust and follow them.

Purpose: The study was designed to develop an instrument to measure risk factor-related deviant behavior (RFRDB) for the elderly. Methods: The preliminary instrument including 52 items to measure the risk factor-related deviant behavior for the elderly was developed through conceptual framework based literature review. The items were reviewed by experts to reveal the Content Validity Index (CVI). Then, construct validity and reliability were tested using factor analysis, comparative groups, and Cronbach's alpha with data from 233 elderly. Results: Among 52 items, 27 questions in the RFRDB instrument were selected from content validity and 21 questions in the final RFRDB were developed from testing validity and reliability. Results of empirical analysis(retest) of RFRDB were supported by 70% congruity with conceptual framework through literature review. The RFRDB has been completed by validity testing by known-group technique. The final developed RFRDB of the elderly has 21 questions each with a 4-point Likert Scale. Conclusion: The RFRDB may be utilized as a measurement to assess the risk of elderly deviant behavior.

This study examined the phenomenon of Tourist's deviant behavior Ethical consumerism is new consumer paradigm requested while emphasizing the roles of consumers for the sustainable development. Ethical consumer behaviors should be applied to consumer behaviors of tourists as well. The purpose of this study is to measure ethical consumption attitude and analyses the tourist's deviation. It would be highlight the ethical consumption through identifying the responsibilities and roles of tourists, local communities and the tourism industry, It is necessary to provide various opportunities through education, promotion, experiences and events using various media to make tourists understand the benefit and effects of ethical tourism and obtain the will to improve problems. We need more discussion about ethical tourism behavior.

본 연구는 수면이 부정적 대인관계 행동에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 부정정서가 매개변인의 역할을 할 것이라고 가정하고, 이를 일기연구법을 사용하여 검증하였다. 총 74명의 대학생을 대상으로 6일에 걸쳐 아침에는 전날 밤의 수면의 양과 질을, 저녁에는 하루 동안의 부정정서 경험과 대인일탈 행동을 측정하였다. 이때 수면의 질은 자기보고로, 수면의 양은 스마트 밴드를 이용하여 측정하였다. 총 368개 일(day)수준 자료에 대한 다수준 매개모형 분석 결과, 수면의 질이 높을수록 다음날 대인일탈 행동을 적게 하였으며, 이러한 대인일탈 행동에 대한 수면의 질의 효과는 부정정서에 의해 완전 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 전날 밤 잠을 적게 잔 날일수록 다음날 대인일탈 행동을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났지만, 이러한 수면의 양의 효과는 수면의 질을 통제했을 때는 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과의 이론적, 실천적 함의와 아울러 향후 연구 과제를 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is to further understand the relationship between sleep and interpersonal deviant behavior. We tested a multilevel mediation model, where sleep quantity and quality influence negative affect, which influence interpersonal deviant behaviors. A total of 74 college students were surveyed using the diary method to collect the quantity and quality of nightly sleep and the negative affect and interpersonal deviant behaviors over a six-day period. The quantity of sleep was measured using a smart band while the quality of sleep was measured using a self-report. As a result of the multilevel mediating model analysis of 368 daily data, the better the quality of sleep the night before, the less interpersonal deviant behavior the next day, and the effect was completely mediated by negative affect. However, the effect of the quantity of sleep on interpersonal deviant behavior was not significant after controlling sleep quality. We discuss practical implications of the results and offer suggestions for future research.

본 연구의 목적은 고등학생의 스포츠도박 중독과 체육수업 일탈행동이 도덕적 의사결정태도의 조절효과와 어떠 한 관계를 가지고 있는 것인지를 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구대상은 경상남도 C 시의 고등학교 에 재학 중인 학생 400명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 조사도구는 설문지였고, 연구 결과를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 고등학생의 스포츠도박 중독은 체육수업 일탈행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 다. 둘째, 고등학생의 스포츠도박 중독은 도덕적 의사결정 수준에 따라 체육수업 일탈행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 도덕적 의사결정 수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단 보다 체육수업 일탈행동 수준이 감소할 것으로 예측할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderation effect of attitude to moral decision-making through sport gambling addiction and deviant behavior in physical education(PE) class fro the high school students. 400 high school students in C city, Geyungnam-province, have been participated and analyzed. For completion of this study, the questionnaires for sport gambling addiction, deviant behavior in PE class and attitude to moral decision-making have been used. The results are followings. First, sport gambling addiction for the high school students has negatively affected the deviant behavior in PE class. Second, sport gambling addiction for the high school students has affected the deviant behavior in PE cals by the level of the attitude to moral decision-making. Therefore, it shows that the high level group of attitude to moral decision-making decrease the deviant behavior in PE class than the lower level group of attitude to moral decision-making.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of leadership style of volleyball leader perceived by volleyball players in the middle and high school on the burnout and social deviant behavior of volleyball players. To achieve the aforementioned purpose, a total of 365 players among volleyball players at middle and high school in the whole country were selected for the sampling. The analysis was performed using the SPSS 17.0 program. The statistical techniques used for the data analysis were correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The following results have been drawn through the analysis in this study: First, players who highly perceive charismatic control style are shown to highly perceive personal achievement, players who highly perceive contingent reward are shown to low perceive emotional exhaustion. Second, players who highly perceive intelligent stimulus are low the level of antisocial behavior, players who highly perceive intelligent stimulus and charismatic control style are low the level of unsocial behavior. Third, players who highly perceive emotional exhaustion are high the level of unsocial behavior. Forth, in the relationship between readership and social deviant behavior, burnout was not observed mediated effect.