Earticle

Propolis는 다양한 성분으로 구성되어 있는 수지상의 혼합물로서 다양한 약리작용을 보여주기 때문에 민간요법으로 널리 이용되어왔다. 특히 propolis는 독성이 거의 없다는 장점 때문에 면역증강제재로서 활용가능성이 높게 평가되고 있다. 이에 이 실험에서는 어류 양식 산업에 propolis를 이용하기 위한 일환으로 양식넙치를 대상으로 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 양식넙치에 수용성 propolis를 단독 또는 S. iniae 불활화 백신 균액과 병합으로 어체에 투여 후에 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. Ht치는 propolis 단독 및 vaccine과 병합 처리 시 큰 영향을 보이지 않았다. 신장대식세포의 탐식능 및 ROI 혈청의 lysozyme의 활성능은 모두 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 한편, 혈중 응집소가는 Propolis+vaccine군에서 유의성 있게 증가를 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 propolis 는 양식넙치에서 특이적 및 비 특이적 면역반응을 증가시키는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향 후 propolis를 백신 처리 시 adjuvant로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Propolis is a beehive product with a very complex chemical composition, widely used in folk medicine because of its several therapeutic activities. The immunostimulating reactions of a water-soluble derivative of propolis were investigated on the immune response in cultured flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The level of Hematocrit values were not affected among experimental groups. The phagocytic activity and the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activities of head kidney phagocyte were markedly (P<0.05) augmented in the propolis groups than in the PBS-control group, respectively. The level of serum lysozyme activity was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the propolis treated groups than in the PBS-control group. The agglutinin titer was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in the vaccine+propolis group than in the vaccine group, but there was no difference between PBS-control and propolis treated group. The results of the present study suggest that propolis seems to be a promising compounds of non-specific immune stimulator, also being able to use a good adjuvant.

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of Propolis on viability, acrosome reaction and mitochondrial intact in frozen-thawed boar sperm. The boar semen was collected by gloved-hand method and cryo-preserved in 11% lactose with 20% egg yolk (LEY) and Triladyl containing propolis (0, 10, 30, and 50 ng/mL) with 0.05% ethanol. Cryo-preserved boar sperms was thawed at 37.5℃ for 45 sec in water-bath. Sperm viability, acrosome reaction, and mitochondrial intact were analyzed using flow cytometry. In results, viability of frozen-thawed sperm, which was cryo-preserved using LEY and triladyl, was decreased in 0, 30, and 50 propolis treatment groups. However, there was no significant difference. Acrosome reaction and mitochondrial intact of sperm was not influenced by all of propolis treatment using both of freezing extender. Motility of frozen-thawed sperm with LEY containing 10 ng/mL propolis was significantly higher than in 0, 10, and 50 ng/mL propolis treatment groups (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference compared to control. Especially, 0 and 30 ng/mL propolis treatment groups were significantly decreased compared to control (p<0.05). Similar to result in frozen-thawed sperm with LEY, motility of frozen-thawed sperm with triladyl was significantly increased in 10 ng/mL propolis treatment groups compare to control and other propolis treatment groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, 10 ng/mL propolis improves mobility in frozen-thawed boar sperm with LEY and triladyl, whereas 30 and 50 ng/mL propolis reduced motility. But, the addition of propolis during cryopreservation did not influence to the membrane function of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the study on the effects of propolis on boar spermatozoa during cryopreservation.

본 연구의 목적은 프로폴리스 추출물이 함유된 립밤 제품과 LED 기기를 적용한 입술 임상 연구를 하여 임상정보과 양적자료로 도움이되고자 한다. 본 연구의 참여자는 서울·경기 소재 만 19~50세 여성을 대상으로 시 험제품 선정 후 입술의 LED 기기와 립 크림의 입술 탄력, 입술 보습, 입술 각질 개선 및 12시간 입술 보습 지속 효과를 알아보기 위하여 제품 사용 전, 사용 직후, 사용 6시간 후, 사용 12시간 후 사용 2주 후에 사용 시험항목을 측정 후 제품의 안전성, 유효성, 기호도 설문조사를 분석하고자 한다. 일련의 연구절차를 통하여 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1회 또는 2주 사용으로 입술 탄력, 입술 보습, 입술 각질 개선 및 12시간 입술 보습 지속력에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to provide clinical information and quantitative data through clinical research on lip balm containing propolis extract and lip application with LED device. Participants in this study were selected as test products for women aged 19 to 50 in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and to investigate the effects of LED devices and lip creams on the lips to improve lip elasticity, lip moisture, lip keratin, and lip moisture lasting for 12 hours. Before using the product, immediately after use, after 6 hours of use, after 12 hours of use, and after 2 weeks of use, the use test items are measured and the safety, efficacy, and preference survey of the product is analyzed. The results derived through a series of research procedures are as follows. It has been shown to help lip elasticity, lip moisture, lip keratin improvement, and lip moisture lasting for 12 hours when used once or 2 weeks.

The study aimed to enhance the properties of polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible substitute for fossil-based plastics. Since the applicability of PLA has been limited because of its toughness and brittleness, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and propolis were introduced into PLA. As a result, the PLA film with MFC/propolis showed significant improvements in mechanical strength, elongation, and storage modulus, while also experiencing a decrease in the glass transition temperature. Additionally, the presence of polyphenols in propolis led to a reduction in light transmittance in the UV wavelength range. These enhancements are attributed to MFC tightly bonding with PLA polymers, and propolis acting as a plasticizer and mediator between MFC and PLA, preventing agglomeration. These reinforced PLA films have the potential to be used in flexible packaging for light-sensitive products.

목적: 본 연구는 프로폴리스 추출물로 손상된 모발에 도포하여 개선 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 프로폴리스 추출물 함량을 3 g, 6 g, 9 g을 첨가하여 모질 개선 제형제를 제조하였다. 추출물을 첨가한 제형제로 도포한 시료와 손상모를 측정하여 비교 분석하 였다. 손상된 모발 개선 효과를 알기 위해 모발의 인장강도, 메틸렌블루를 이용한 흡광도, 광택을 측정하였다. 결과: 인장강도 측정 결과, 평균값은 손상모보다 추출물을 첨가하여 도포한 시료 모두 증가하였다. 통계 결과는 손상모와 비교 시 8(6), 8(9)시료와 차이 가 있었다. 흡광도 측정결과, 평균값은 손상모 보다는 추출물을 첨가하여 도포한 시료 모두 감소하였다. 통계 결과는 손상모와 비교 시 8(3), 8(6), 8(9)시료 모두 차이가 있었다. 광택 측정결과 평균값은 손상모와 비교 시 8(3), 8(6) 시료에서 증가하였다. 통계 결과, 손상모와 비교 시 8(3), 8(6), 8(9) 시료 모두 차이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 손상모와 프로폴리스 추출물을 첨가하여 도포한 시료 의 평균값과 통계분석결과 인장강도, 흡광도는 차이를 보여 손상된 모발에 모질 개선 효과가 있는 것을 알 수 있었. 다

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying propolis extract to damaged hair. Methods: A matrix-improving formulation was prepared with the addition of 3, 6, and 9 g of propolis extract. The sample was applied to the formulation to which the extract was added, and damaged hair was measured and compared. To determine the effect on damaged hair, the study measured tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and gloss. Results: The result indicated that average values increased for all samples applied with the formula. Specifically, the results statistically differed for samples 8(6) and 8(9) compared with those for damaged hair. Average values after absorbance measurement decreased for all samples with extracts with statistical results for samples 8(3), 8(6), and 8(9) compared with damaged hair. Lastly, average values for gloss measurement displayed increases for samples 8(3) and 8(6). The statistical results indicated no difference for all samples compared with those for damaged hair. Conclusion: The average values of the samples for tensile strength and absorbance indicated differences between damaged hair and propolis extract, which suggested that damaged hair was improved in terms of hair quality.

目的: 本研究旨在研究将蜂胶提取物应用于受损头发的功效。方法: 添加3 g、6 g和9 g蜂胶提取物制备用于改善 头发质量的制剂。对使用含有提取物的制剂的样品和受损头发进行测量和分析以进行比较。为了查明改善受损 毛发的效果，测量了毛发的拉伸强度、使用亚甲蓝的吸光度和光泽度。结果: 作为抗拉强度测量的结果，与受损 头发相比所有涂有提取物的样品的平均值都增加了。统计结果显示与受损头发相比，8(6)和8(9)样本具有差异。 测量吸光度测定结果，所有添加提取物的样品与受损头发相比平均值都降低了。统计结果显示，与受损头发相 比，8(3)、8(6)和8(9)个样本存在差异。光泽度测量结果显示，与受损头发相比，8(3)和8(6)个样本的平均值增 加。统计结果发现，与受损毛发相比，8(3)、8(6)和8(9)样本没有差异。结论: 样品的拉伸强度和吸光度的平均 值表明受损头发和蜂胶提取物之间存在差异，这表明受损头发在头发质量方面得到改善。

본 연구는 프로폴리스가 방사선에 조사된 랫드의 여러 조직에 미치는 방사선 방어 효과를 조사하였다. 혈장성분 중 백혈구의 수는 방사선 조사 20일 경과 후에 방사선만 조사한 실험군보다 프로폴리스 섭식 실험군에서 높은 증가를 나타냈으며, 혈장 성분 중 GOT의 활성도는 GPT에 비해 낮아지고 있다. 간 조직 내 미량원소 중 Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mo, Ni, As의 함량은 대조군에 비해서는 증가하였으나 방사선만 조사한 실험군에 비해서는 낮은 수준을 유지하고 있다. 즉 프로폴리스는 백혈구 수의 회복에 효과적이며 방사선으로 인한 간세포의 손상을 보호해 줌으로서 미량원소의 방출을 억제하고 GOT의 활성을 낮춰주는 것으로 생각된다. 조직학적으로 방사선조사 전에 프로폴리스를 섭식하면 정소에서는 훼손된 미분화 세포의 수가 감소하였고, 소장에서도 손상된 배상세포와 점막근판 조직의 형태가 부분적으로 정상적인 형태를 갖추는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 프로폴리스의 섭식은 방사선으로부터 직접적으로 조직을 보호하거나 훼손된 세포의 회복에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다.

Present study aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of propolis feeding on rat tissues damaged by X-ray irradiation. It was shown that the number of white blood cell in X-ray irradiated group supplemented with propolis increased as much to those of the control group and also the GOT activities among the blood components were decreased after propolis feeding. The mineral contents such as Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mo, Ni, As in liver were increased as compared with those of the control group but maintained lower level than those of only irradiated groups, implying that the propolis feeding elevated the recovery capability of white blood cell effectively and propolis have a potential resistance to cell damage by X-ray. According to histological observations of the testis, intestine and liver tissues which are irradiated after feeding propolis, the numbers of damaged undifferentiated cells were decreased in testis and the shape of the goblet cells and inner and outer muscular layers in intestine were restored to the original state and the hepatocytes and interlobular veins were shown intact in liver, suggesting that propolis has a potential capacity to restore cell shapes or resist deformation of cell.

본 연구는 염증성 여드름의 초기 단계의 염증 진정에 초점을 맞추어, 프로폴리스를 안면 피부에 적용 후 염증성 여드름에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 프로폴리스는 꿀벌이 채집한 천연 물질로 외부의 감염으로부터 벌집을 보호하기 위해 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 정제수와 1:1로 희석한 수용성 프로폴리스 원액을 거즈에 적셔 안면 피부에 적용하였다. 연구 대상은 여드름 치료 경험이 없는 서울 소재 K대학 남․여 학생 18명이었다. 실험군은 정제수와 희석한 프로폴리스 원액을 거즈에 적셔 안면 피부에 15분 적용한 후에 고무 팩을 15분 적용하였다. 대조군은 거즈에 정제수를 적셔 안면 피부에 15분 적용한 후에 고무 팩을 15분 적용하였다. 실험 기간은 8주였고, 주2회 총 16회 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1주, 실험 4주, 실험 8주에 피부의 홍조 수, 색소침착 수, 수분 량을 측정하였다. 실험군은 홍조 수, 색소침착 수가 감소하였고, 수분 량이 증가하였으며 대조군은 변화가 없었다. 실험 전과 실험 후에 촬영한 피부 화상을 비교하면 실험군은 여드름 염증 부분이 많이 완화된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 프로폴리스를 이용한 안면 관리가 염증성 여드름에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 프로폴리스의 항염 작용으로 염증성 여드름 피부에 효과가 있음을 밝힘으로써 여드름 피부의 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The regeneration is difficult if the scar remains. Therefore, the inflammatory acne should be relieved in the first pathway. This study focused on the relief of inflammatory acne in the first pathway and observed the relief effect of inflammatory acne by applying propolis to the facial skin. Propolis is a natural substance collected by honey bees. Bees have been using propolis in their hives to protect them from contamination. In this study, propolis extract diluted with purified water in the same ratio was applied to the facial skin. The study objects were 18 students of K university in Seoul. They have not been treated acne by dermatology doctor. In the experimental group, gauze soaked in diluted propolis extract was applied to whole facial skin for 15 minutes and then rubber mask was applied for 15 minutes for calming. In the control group, gauze soaked in purified water was applied to whole facial skin for 15 minutes and then rubber mask was applied for 15 minutes for calming. The study objects were treated twice a week for 8 weeks. The number of redness, the number of hyperpigmentation and moisture content were measured before the experiment, after the fourth week of experiment and after the last experiment. As for the experimental group, the number of redness and hyperpigmentation decreased significantly and the moisture content increased significantly. As for the control group, there were no significant changes. The relif of inflammation was observed by comparing the pictures taken during the experiment. Conclusively, the facial skin care by propolis extract was effective on the relief of inflammatory acne.

한약재 및 천연 propolis를 직접 음식으로 이용하여 재료과학화 및 저장성 향상을 통하여 돼지고기용 기능성 한방양념소스 개발을 위한 기초 자료로서 품질특성을 규명 하고자 하였다. 한약재 추출조건 및 특성에 따라 기존 양념소스(formula A), 표준화된 양념소스로 propolis를 첨가한 것(formula B), propolis를 첨가하지 않는 것(formula C)으로 제조하였으며, 저장조건은 20일 동안 4±1℃에서 실시하였다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 한방양념 돼지고기의 pH의 변화는 대체로 비슷한 경향으로 증가하였으나 formula B가 약간 우수하였으며 각 formula 간의 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 저장기간별 품질을 평가하는데 pH 보다는 총균수 및 대장균군수 변화가 보다 예민한 지표로서 작용하였다. 육제품의 신선도를 평가하는데 지표가 되고 있는 POV와 TBA가는 저장기간이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보여 propolis를 첨가한 formula B에서 다른 formula 보다 현저하게 감소하여 지질산화 효과를 나타냈다. VBN값도 formula B가 formula A와 C 보다 낮은 수준으로 증가하여 propolis의 단백질 분해억제 효과를 나타냈다. 관능적 특성을 조사한 결과 각 formula별로 유의성은 없었으나 formula B군에서 특유의 향이 어우러져 부드러운 질감과 독특한 향취가 느껴졌다는 의견이 관능평가표 참고란을 통해 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결괴를 종합해 보면, 한방양념돼지고기의 품질특성은 전체적으로 formula B > formula C > formula A순으로 나타났다. 그러므로 한약재 및 propolis 첨가가 저장기간을 연장하고 식품의 보존제로서의 가치를 부여해 줄 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. 판단되었다.품종별 총당에 대한 sorbitol의 함유비율(sorbitol/TS+S)은 쓰가루 0.032, 후지0.053, 홍옥 0.041, 신흥, 0.0370로서 품종간의 차이가 인정되었다. 품종 별 fructose와 glucose 함유비율(fructose/glucose)은 쓰가루 2.295, 후지2.244, 홍옥 2.161 그리고 신흥 2.393이었다.성이 높아 항산화효과가 우수한 식품으로 기능성 식품 및 산업 소재로서의 활용도가 매우 높을 것으로 사료된다.경우는 채식남학생 54.6%, 비채식남학생 16.7%, 채식여학생은 38.2%, 비채식여학생이 16.8%이었다. 우유 및 유제품을 매일 섭취하는 경우는 채식남학생 6.1%, 비채식남학생 33.3%, 채식여학생 14.7%, 비채식여학생은 21.8%이었으며, 녹차, 커피 등 차를 마시지 않는다는 비율은 채식남학생 69.7%, 비채식남학생 28.6%, 채식여학생 29.4%, 비채식여학생 25.7%이었다. 인스턴트 식품을 매일 섭취한다는 응답율이 채식남학생 9.1%, 비채식남학생 21.4%, 채식여학생은 17.7%, 비채식여학생은 14.9%이었다. 6. 운동, 체중 조절 등에 대한 조사 결과 항상 운동을 하는 경우는 채식남학생 30.3%, 비채식남학생 28.6%, 채식여학생 14.7%, 비채식여학생 18.8%이었으며 운동시간은 1~2시간 하는 경우는 채식남학생 30.3%, 비채식남학생 38.1%, 채식여학생은 8.8%, 비채식여학생은 17.8%이었다. 체중에 만족하는 정도를 보면 채식남학생 57.6%, 비채식남학생 23.8%, 채식여학생은 23.5%, 비채식여학생은 15.8%가 만족한다고 하였다. 체중 조절 경험에서 경험이 있는 경우가 채식남학생 3.0%, 비채식남학생 31.0%, 채식여학생은 23.5%, 비채식여

Effects of medicinal herbs and bee propolis on pork quality were assessed using formulae A (control), B (boiling water extraction with propolis), and C (boiling water extraction without propolis). Seasoning sauce was made with medicinal herb, spices, total flavonoid, and soy sauce with/without 0.4% propolis (21.8 mg/g), mixed with pork, and stored at low temperature (4±1℃) for 20 days. In formula B peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid content increased with increasing storage period. Formula B showed highest Volatile Basic Nitrogen (VBN) and lowest microbial counts, followed by formulae C and A, receiving higher scores for taste and fragrance.

Propolis has well-known antimicrobial activity as well as antioxidant, antitumoral, antiinflammatory and regenerative properties, and it has characterized water-soluble. In this study, chitosan / cellulose acetate butylate microspheres with propolis were prepared by the method of water / oil / water (W/O/W) emulsion and had the size interval of 200–2809m. W/O/W emulsion has been prepared by stirring for 30min at room temperature. W/O/W emulsion was evaluated by SEM. The chitosan /cellulose acetate butylate microshperes with propolis was measured of loading efficiency by ultraviolet spectroscopy at 290nm and release of propolis in vitro and the release rate. The antioxidation activity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The infrared spectrums of microspheres were recorded on an FT-IR. Furthermore, the propolis loaded microspheres were observed in vitro against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis. The results suggest that the microspheres can have important applications in the cosmetic and food industry.

The aim of this work was to prepare liposome containing vancomycin and propolis for topical delivery.The vancomycin and propolis were successfully encapsulated in phosphatidyl choline-based liposomes and the possible improvement of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was tested against selected microbial. Particles with regular morphology, mean diameter ranging 100nm to 300nm, and good entrapment efficiency for propolis were obtained. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles was evaluated against microorganism of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and MRSE (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis). The percentage of the encapsulated propolis and vancomycin was determined by uv-vis spectrophotometer. In order to investigate any possible synergistic or antagonistic effect between propolis and vancomycin, the antimicrobial activities of the mixtures, were also determined before and after encapsulation in liposomes. The antibiotics loaded liposomes can be used as a potential carrier for topical delivery.

A commercial propolis was investigated in terms of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities.The contents of total phenol and flavonoid of propolis were 8.3 and 6.6 mg, respectively. The reducing power of the propolisincreased with concentration increasing. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was shown at82.70% in 1,000µg/mL of the propolis. 2,2'-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavengingeffect of antioxidant activity on the propolis was 35.64 g/sample. The propolis showed high antimicrobial activity againstBacillus cereus at all concentration of propolis. All of the cancer cell lines have 53-73% as effective growth inhibition. Theseresults showed that the commercial propolis has potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cancer cell proliferative inhibitionactivities thus, propolis can be applied to the functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry.

Because it possesses anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, and tissue regenerative properties, propolis has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for multiple purposes. Although the antimicrobial activity of propolis has already been demonstrated, very few studies have been conducted on bacteria of clinical relevance in dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities of 0.1% and 1.0% propolis, both of water-extracted (proAQ) and ethanol-extracted (proAL) propolis, for industrial applications. In studies of antimicrobial activity, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35556, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 12021, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Candida parapsilosis KCCM 35428, all general food or clinical pathogens, were tested. The culture medium used was trypticase soy broth including 0.6% yeast extract; after 6 hr of incubation, the turbidities were measured at 620 nm with a spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the antimicrobial effects of both 1.0% proAQ and 1.0% proAL were greater against the growth of S. aureus ATCC 35556 and C. parapsilosis KCCM 35428 rather than those of S. enteritidis ATCC 12021 and E. coli O157:H7. Additionally, it appears that the anti-inflammatory effects of proAL are greater than those of proAQ. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measurement of the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity in vitro. At a 1% concentration, the anti-inflammatory effects of proAL were greater than those of proAQ. Finally, the anti-oxidative effects of 1% and 10% solutions of each extract sample were measured according to the TBA method at 40℃ for 1, 2, 3, and 5 days and were compared with 1.0% BHT. The results indicate that the anti-oxidative effects at 0.1% for both proAQ and proAL were not significantly different than the anti-oxidative effects at 1.0% BHT (p<0.05). Thus, it appeared that the alcohol-extracted propolis had greater antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects than the water-extracted propolis. This is based on the presumption that major biofunctional components were fat-soluble, rather than water-soluble.