Earticle

이 연구는 한국 유학생의 grit 수준과 잠재적 중도탈락 및 대학생활적응과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 335명의 한국에 있는 유학생이었다. 첫째, grit는 잠재적 중도탈락과는 부적 상관관계를 보였고, 정서적응과 사회적응, 대학생활 만족 및 학업적응과는 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, grit는 중간 점수보다 높았고 잠재적 중도탈락은 매우 낮았다. 정서적응과 대학만족은 대학적응보다 높았으나 사회적응은 하위 영역 중 가장 낮았다. 셋째, grit 수준이 높고 중간인 군집이 낮은 군집보다 잠재적 중도탈락은 낮았으나, 대학생활적응의 전체 하위영역은 높았다. 끝으로 유학생의 대학생활 적응을 위한 제언을 하였다.

The study aimed to investigate the relative levels of grit and their relationship with potential dropping-out and university adjustment of foreign students in Korea. The subjects of this survey were gathered through purposive sampling, and 335 subjects were collected from university students in South Korea. First, the grit was significantly and positively correlated with emotional adjustment, social adjustment, university satisfaction, and academic adjustment, and was negatively correlated with potential dropping-out of university. Drop-out potential is negatively and significantly correlated with all subgroups of university life adjustment. Second, the grit is higher than the mid-point and drop-out potential is very low. Emotional adjustment and university satisfaction are the highest among the subgroups of university life adjustment but social adjustment is the lowest among them. Third, it was found that foreign students in the mid and high grit clusters are lower in mean drop-out potential rates than those in the low grit cluster. And foreign students in the mid and high grit clusters are higher than those students in the low university life adjustment group.

如今韩中日三国政府在签定FTA或对FTA的共同研究的问题上尚无具体的进展，只是在民间进行了一些共同研究并提出了报告书。在正式或非正式场合为探究东亚经济合作可能性的ASEAN+3国(ASEAN plus Korea, Japan, and China) 的讨论一直在进行。日本于2002年11月在Cambodia召开的峰会上曾表示过上述愿望，并进一步希望推进包括香港和台湾的“ASEAN plus five”方案。如果是这样，日本认为可以形成世界人口3分之1的统一市场，可以对抗欧盟和北美自由贸易区，并希望在2010年之前实现其方案。中国也赞成ASEAN+3国FTA方案。与此相反，韩国正推进事先与日本、中国和ASEAN分别签定FTA，是否会签定多边即韩中日三国间或ASEAN+3 FTA尚不确定。 韩中日三国间的FTA进展非常缓慢。这种背景，对韩中日三国同时签定FTA提供了良好的机会。如果哪一国从三国间FTA除外的话，将面临严峻的贸易逆差和市场上的孤立局面。一方面，为推进东亚FTA和建立牢固的亚洲市场，东北亚开发银行的建立正成为论点。 东北亚与NAFTA, EU等不同，并未设立追求共同利益的多边合作机构，因此，设立东北亚开发银行将代替该功能是设立东北亚银行的根据。

목적: 한국과 대만의 20대 여대생을 대상으로 화장품 구매결정요인의 차이를 분석하고, 구매결정요인에 따른 한국화장품의 만족도 와의 관계를 파악함으로써 한국화장품 제품개발 및 소비자 마케팅에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 한국과 대만의 20대 여대생을 대상으로 2019년 12월 10일부터 2020년 3월 20일까지 설문지 법에 의한 자료수집을 실시하였다. 조사문항은 화장품 구 매결정요인, 화장품 만족도, 조사대상자의 일반적 특성, 화장품 사용특성으로 구성하였다. 설문지는 총 297부가 수집되었고 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 기술통계, 요인분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 화장품 구매의 주요 정보원은 한국과 대 만 모두 인터넷•SNS를 통해서 얻는 경우가 많았고 화장품 구매 장소의 경우 로드샵, 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 많았다. 둘째, 한국과 대만 여 대생의 구매결정요인은 품질, 디자인, 가격, 브랜드, 사용정보 5가지 요인으로 나타났으며 구매 평가차이를 알아본 결과 대만이 한 국보다 디자인과 가격을 더 고려하는 반면 한국이 대만보다 사용정보를 더 고려하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국과 대만 여대생의 한국화장품에 대한 만족도는 보통 이상의 만족도를 나타냈으며 품질과 화장품 재구매 항목에 대한 만족도는 한국 여대생이 더 높았 다. 넷째, 화장품 구매결정요인이 한국화장품 만족도에 미치는 영향을 비교한 결과 화장품 구매 시 한국은 화장품의 품질과 사용정 보를, 대만은 품질, 브랜드, 사용정보를 중요하게 고려한 경우 만족도가 더 높게 나타났다. 결론: 한국 화장품에 대한 만족도를 높이 기 위해서 화장품 구매 시 한국과 대만 여대생이 제품의 품질과 사용정보를 구체적이고 정확하게 파악할 수 있도록 할 필요가 있으 며, 대만 여대생을 대상으로 한 경우에는 화장품 브랜드를 적극적으로 홍보하는 전략을 세울 필요가 있다

Purpose: The study analyzes and compares the factors of cosmetic purchase decision in female university students in South Korea (“Korea” hereafter) and Taiwan and elucidates their relationship with satisfaction in terms of Korean cosmetics. Methods: Data were collected via a questionnaire survey conducted from December 10, 2019 to March 20, 2020 among female university students in their twenties in Korea and Taiwan. The survey items focused on the factors of cosmetic purchase decision, satisfaction with cosmetics, general characteristics of the survey subjects, and characteristics of cosmetic use. A total of 297 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results: First, the main sources of information for purchasing cosmetics were obtained through the Internet and social networking sites (SNSs) in Korea and Taiwan. Second, five factors of purchase decision were identified, namely, quality, design, price, brand, and usage information. Third, the satisfaction of Korean and Taiwanese female university students with Korean cosmetics was higher than average, whereas satisfaction with quality and cosmetic repurchase items was high for only the Korean students. Fourth, when purchasing cosmetics, the satisfaction rate was higher when the Korean students considered the quality and usage information of the cosmetics, whereas the Taiwanese considered quality, brand, and usage information. Conclusion: To increase satisfaction with Korean cosmetics, ensuring that female university students in Korea and Taiwan can accurately identify product quality and usage information when purchasing cosmetics is necessary. Alternatively, the Taiwanese students should develop strategies to actively promote cosmetic brands.

目的: 本研究旨在通过分析二十多岁的韩国和台湾女性大学生化妆品采购决策因素的差异，并根据购买决策因素 了解韩国化妆品满意度之间的关系，为韩国化妆品产品开发和消费者营销提供基础数据。方法: 通过问卷调查收 集的数据是从2019年12月10日至2020年3月20日在韩国和台湾的20岁女性大学生中进行的。调查项目集中在化 妆品购买决策，对化妆品的满意度，调查对象的一般特征以及化妆品使用特征等因素上。使用SPSS 18.0收集并 分析了总共297份问卷。结果: 首先，通过韩国和台湾的Internet和社交网站（SNS）获得了购买化妆品的主要 信息来源。其次，确定了购买决定的五个因素，即质量，设计，价格，品牌和使用信息。第三，韩国和台湾女 大学生对韩国化妆品的满意度高于平均水平，而对质量和化妆品回购项目的满意度只有韩国学生高。第四，购 买化妆品时，韩国学生考虑化妆品的质量和使用信息时满意度较高，而台湾人考虑质量，品牌和使用信息时满 意度较高。结论: 为了提高对韩国化妆品的满意度，必须确保在购买化妆品时，韩国和台湾的女大学生能够准确 识别产品质量和使用信息。另外，台湾学生应制定策略来积极推广化妆品品牌。

The Automobile industry has been started in Europe. In 1769, French inventor Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot invented the first Steam-powered automobile. In 1960’s, Asia has emerged as a center of global automobile production. In 1960’s, Japan has been in the top three of the countries with most cars manufactured since the 1960s, surpassing Germany. Now global car industry turns into electric car era, Korean car makers emerge in world market. To combat the climate change, the EU and EU member-states developed the policies to promote low carbon vehicle. European automakers have also implemented their strategy focused on the electric vehicle. The Li-ion battery is the core for advancing electrical vehicle. In order to meet the increasing demand of Li-ion vehicles, EU automakers will strengthen the cooperation with the global battery manufacturers including Korean battery manufacturers, LG Chem, Samsung SDI and SK Innovation. EU-Korea automobile industry should develop further cooperation methods.

“Globalization” is neither new nor ill-disposed to the authority of the nation-state. In South Korea, since the 1990s, it has become popular to think that the new age of globalization (segyehwa) has weakened the power of the state and forced national governmnents to hand over greater amounts of sovereignty to global markets. Such a view resonates with academic arguments that often use the concept of globalization to create the sense that the flow of capital across national borders is not only novel but also undermines the power of the nation-state. This paper argues against these views by showing the ways in which global capital created the conditions from which the modern nation-state and nationalism emerged in Japan and Korea. With Britain’s invasion of the Qing Dynasty, European capital and imperial policies began the gradual dismantling of the Chinese Empire’s East Asian interstate system. In its place emerged a new form of state power that was rooted in capitalist relations and legitimized by mythologies of the nation. From this conjuncture Meiji Japan was the first sovereign in East Asia to embrace the European structure of the nation-state and industrial capitalism. Japanese nation builders fashioned an image of the nation that was conducive to participating in the global system of capitalism. The emergent Japanese nation-state illustrates the role of nationalism in the spread of global capitalism in Asia during the nineteenth century. Meiji reformers adopted the structure to the nation-state to reorganize Japanese society, as well as Asian interstate relations, in terms of industrial capitalism. Central to this project was the colonization of Korea. By using the European model of imperialism, Meiji Japan redefined Korea as a nation and inspired a nationalist movement among reformers in Joseon society. Nationalism, and the national state, figured centrally in the processes of economic integration that is now known as globalization of East Asia.

This study aims to propose strategic improvements to Korea's public grain stockpiling policy to enhance food security, focusing on critical infrastructure elements. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the disruption of global grain supply chains, exacerbated by major events such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, food security has gained heightened global importance. Korea, facing similar challenges, requires a fundamental national strategy to safeguard its food supply. The government has initiated several public grain stockpiling policies, including the Mid-to-Long-Term Food Security Reinforcement Plan. This study evaluates these policies by analyzing three key aspects of critical infrastructure— function, facility, and system. Based on the analysis, the study identifies essential tasks for the Korean government: 1) fostering public-private cooperation by providing specific incentives for private sector involvement, rather than relying solely on voluntary participation; 2) designating public grain stockpiling facilities as critical infrastructure and ensuring their systematic management; and 3) establishing clear operational guidelines within the existing legal framework to effectively meet stockpiling goals and manage the system.

Anxiety prevails when the faith in life is absent. It is the uncertainty that causes anxiety. Uncertainty as a source of anxiety consists of several conceptual elements, which are, to name a few, existential uncertainty, cognitive uncertainty, moral uncertainty, and aesthetic uncertainty. The social uncertainty indirectly related to aforementioned uncertainties, however, is directly related to the prevailing dilemma of “not knowing how to live on” and is the very source of collective anxiety. This article seeks to address the following agendas: 1) examine the social anxiety as a source of collective anxiety with emphasis on flexibilization thesis; 2) describe the unique characteristics embedded in South Korean society where collective anxiety is being aggravated; 3) explore the directions and strategies for possible countermeasures.

본 연구에서는 한국의 대 세계 수출입 동향과 한국의 대 베트남 수출입 동향을 살펴보았다. 또한 한국의 주요 무역 국가인 중국, 미국, 베트남, 홍콩, 일본, 대만에 대한 수출입 동향을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 대 베트남 수출과 수입이 얼마나 증가하였는지 살펴보고, 다른 주요 국가에 비해 얼마나 많이 상승하였는지 비교하고 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 한국과 중국, 미국, 베트남, 홍콩, 일본, 대만에 대한 수출입 관련 자료를 2000년 1월부터 2018년 2월까지 총 218개 월간자료를 이용하였다. 지난 19년 동안 한국의 대 베트남 수출이 급속히 증가하면서 한국의 대 세계 수출을 주도한 것으로 판단되었다. 한국의 대 베트남 수출은 한국의 대 세계 수출에 비해 10배 가까운 상승률을 보이면서, 베트남은 한국의 주요 수출 상대국으로 성장하였다. 향후 한국 경제 발전과 수출의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 과거 중국 중심의 수출 일변도에서 벗어나, 베트남을 비롯한 동남아로의 수출 다변화를 시도할 필요성이 제기된다.

In this study, we examined Korea's exports and imports trends to the world and Korea's exports and imports trends to Vietnam. We also examined exports and imports trends about China, USA, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan in Korea's major trading nation. The purpose of this study is to examine how much Korea's exports and imports of Vietnam have increased and to compare how much it has risen compared to other major countries. To this end, we used imports and exports data for Korea, China, USA, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan using data from January 2000 to February 2018 for 218 months. During the past 218 months, Korea's exports to Vietnam have increased rapidly, leading to Korea's exports to the world. Korea's exports to Vietnam showed a 10 times increase rate compared to Korea's exports to the world. Vietnam has grown to be an important export country in Korea.

목적：본 연구의 목적은 일본, 중국, 한국에서 아이를 키우는 부모는 식품의 안전성과 위험성에 대해 어떠한 인식을 가지고 있는지, 그리고 국가 식품안전에 대한 인식의 차이는 어떠한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법：조사는 일본 보호자 250명, 중국 보호자 181명, 한국 보호자 166명을 조사 대상으로 하였다. 결과：조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 일본 보호자는 한국이나 중국 보호자보다 식품 에 대한 안심의 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 한국 보호자는 중국 보호자 보다 일반적으로 판매되는 식품에 대한 안심 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 중국 보호자의 인식은 5단계 척도의 중앙값보다 평균이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 시장에서 판매되고 있는 식품을 신뢰하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 3개국 보호자 모두 “중국 야채에서는 기준을 초과 한 잔류 농약이 검출된다”, “무농약 야채와 유기 농산물은 안전하다”는 항목을 중요하게 인식하는 경향은 있었지만 유의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 “방사성 물질이 함유 된 식품을 먹으면 암에 걸리기 쉽다”, “일본 근교에서 잡힌 어패류는 방사성에 오염 되어 있을 수 있다”에 관한 항목에 대해서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 인정되었다. 또한, 일본 보호자는 “가격이 싸다”는 항목을 가장 중시하고 있었으 며, 중국 및 한국 보호자에 비해 유의하게 중시하는 경향이 나타났다. 한편 중국 보호자는 “항생제를 사용하지 않은 육류, 생선이 있다”, “무농약 야채를 사용하고 있다”의 두 항목을 중시하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Purpose：The aim of this research was to clarify the difference in awareness of food safety and what they feel as dangerous among parents in Japan, China, and Korea and how they are different among the nations. Methods：Research subjects were 250 parents in Japan, 181 parents in China, 166 parents in Korea whose children attend a child institution or a day care center. We conducted a questionnaire survey that was self-written and anonymous.　Results：Parents in Japan feel safer than Korea and China, and parents in Korea feel safer than China about food that are sold generally. Especially, in China, the average of 5 level scale was lower than the median so it shows that people do not trust food that are sold in the market.　All 3 countries tend to have the awareness that "pesticide that is over the standard amount is detected from vegetables in China" and "vegetable grown without pesticides and organic produce are safe" and showed no significant difference. Also, there was a significant difference statistically for the awareness that "it makes it easier to get cancer if you eat food that contain radiation" and "there is a possibility that seafood caught near Japan contain radiation". Parents in Japan emphasize that "the price is low" the most and it was significantly higher than in China and Korea. Also, similar to parents in Japan, parents in Korea tend to emphasize that it is "domestic". On the other hand, it verified that parents in China emphasized "the meat or fish is grown without antibiotics" and "it uses vegetable grown without pesticides".

It is essential to have multicultural skill for both multicultural families and Korean citizens to co-exist in multicultural society. So far, multicultural capability concept has been used frequently to evaluate multicultural ability. Patterson(2007) has explained the multicultural capability by cultural intelligence. He defined the cultural intelligence as cultural capability to behave through knowledge and technique to react a partner's cultural value standard and behavior through mutual interaction. The cultural intelligence has been conceptualized based on working interest and need due to global economy system along with management organization diversity increase and increase of mutual interaction between people who have different background. We will look into the cultural intelligence concept and system in this research and understand the cultural intelligence related research trend in Korea. There are only a few preceding research data on the cultural intelligence as the research of cultural intelligence in Korea is its initial stage. Research on early cultural intelligence has been conducted on the relationship between cultural intelligence concepts and job satisfaction. Research on education, on the other hand, has mainly focused on teachers and students who have influence on their cultural intelligence. Future directions of cultural intelligence research in Korea are presented based on research trends of cultural intelligence.

지난 인류의 역사를 돌이켜 보면, 전쟁이나 피지배 경험을 가진 주변 국과 화해하고 미래지향적인 협력관계를 모색하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아 니다. 그런 점에서 독일은 오랜 역사적 대립과 전쟁경험으로 얽힌 이웃 나라인 프랑스 및 폴란드와 불행한 과거를 극복하고 평화적인 관계를 수립해나가고 있는 모범사례로 평가할 만하다. 이 글에서는 독일과 프 랑스, 독일과 폴란드가 공동의 역사교과서를 편찬하기까지 어떠한 교 과서 협의의 과정을 거쳐야 했는가, 한국과 일본의 역사교고과서 협의 과정, 한일 공동역사연구위원회의 활동 등을 고찰하였다. 그리고 이를 토대로 한일 공동역사교과서의 가능성을 전망해 보고자 하였다. 오늘날의 상황은 동아시아 공동 역사교과서가 지난한 것처럼 보이지 만，독일과 프랑스가 1930년대 중반부터 약 70년의 협의 결과 2006년 〈독일-프랑스 공동 역사교과서〉의 결실을 보았다는 점，그리고 1972년부터 지속적으로 추친되어 온 독일-폴란드 교과서협의 결과 2016년 발간된〈독일-폴란드 공동 역사교과서〉는 우리에게 시사하는 바가 많다. 동아시아의 역사교과서 문제는 1982년 일본 교과서 파동 이 후 아직 40년 정도 밖에 경과하지 않았기 때문이다. 독일-프랑스, 독일-폴란드 공동역사교과서의 출간의 이면에는 유럽 인들의 공동 목표인 유럽통합이 맞물려 있었던 것처럼, 한중일을 비롯 한 동아시아 국가들은 이른바 21세기 아시아-태평양 시대의 우호협력 과 공동번영을 위한 지역공동체 실현(동아시아 국가들의 공동의 노력을 통한 지향점으로서)을 위한 국가 간의 협력이 필요하며 국가 상호 간 의 역사 대화, 그리고 공동역사교과서 편찬은 그 필요조건으로 작용할 수 있을 것이다.

It is not easy to reconcile with neighboring countries with experiences of war or domination and seek future-oriented cooperative relationships when looking back on the past human history. In this regard, Germany deserves to be evaluated as an exemplary case of overcoming the unfortunate past and establishing a peaceful relationship with neighboring countries France and Poland, which are intertwined with long historical confrontation and war experiences. The process of textbook discussion between Germany and France, and Germany and Finland before compiling a joint history textbook, the process of consulting history textbooks between Korea and Japan, and the activities of the Korea-Japan Joint History Research Committee were examined in this article. And based on this, I tried to predict the possibility of a joint history textbook between Korea and Japan. Today's situation seems difficult to publish a joint East Asian history textbook, but the German-French Joint History Textbook in 2006 was the result of about 70 years of consultation between Germany and France from the mid-1930s, and the German-Polish Joint History Textbook, published in 2016 as a result of the German-Polish textbook consultation, has many implications for us. This is because only about 40 years have passed since the Japanese textbook crisis in 1982. Just as European integration, a common goal of Europeans, was linked to the publication of the German-French, German-Polish joint history textbook, East Asian countries, including Korea, China and Japan, need cooperation between countries to realize regional communities for friendly cooperation and co-prosperity in the 21st century Asia-Pacific era (as a goal through joint efforts of East Asian countries), and history dialogue between countries and compilation of joint history textbooks could serve as a necessary condition.

몽골은 해외시장진출, 수출경쟁력 지원, 비광물제품개발과 수출품 경쟁력 향상에 정부정책을 집중하고 있다. 몽골과 일본의 경제동반자협정은 몽골의 수출품 개발의 밑거름이 되어 세계시 장 진출 경험을 축적하는 성과를 보이고 있어 한국, 중국 등 현재 진행 중인 기타 자유무역협 정의 체결과 그 효과에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 무역협정에 대한 경험누적, 몽골 기업의 해외시장진출, 수출제품개발, 외국인투자유치, 선진기술이전, 몽·일 경제동반자협정의 효과적 활용을 추구하는 몽골정부는 한국과의 자유무 역협정체결이 최적이라 생각된다. 한국 역시 몽골과 다양한 분야의 교류협력을 추진하고 있으 며, 몽골정부의 산업협력 수요에 맞추어 성장잠재력이 큰 자원개발, 인프라협력강화, 역내 경 제현대화 및 산업다각화 정책을 고려한 제조업, 농·목축업, 식품·경공업분야 협력확대 등 중장 기적 협력 기반조성이 필요하다고 생각한다. 한국과 몽골은 경제구조 측면에서 상호보완성이 높아 경제동반자협정이 체결되면 한국과 몽 골 양국간 윈윈할 수 있는 경제협력구조가 이루어 질 것으로 평가된다. 첫째, 몽골의 광업과 목축업제품, 유기농 농산물 등과 한국의 기계, 자동차, 전기제품 등의 교역확대를 기대한다. 둘째, 한국 기업의 몽골에 대한 해외직접투자 증가와 기술이전이 가능하며, 셋째, 한국과 몽골 간 에너지, 통신, 철도, SOC 등의 분야에 경제협력 활성화를 위한 포괄적 협력의 틀을 구죽할 수 있다. 마지막으로 자연인, 기업가, 전문인력, 민간인 등 민간협력차원의 인적교류확대를 통 한 관광, 유학, 학술교류 등에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것이다.

Purpose : This study examines Japan's economic partnership agreement, which Mongolia signed for the first time in foreign economic cooperation, and cooperation between Korea and Mongolia through the discovery of promising cooperative industries, strengthening intergovernmental cooperation, and expansion of Korea-Mongolia cooperation. We intend to use it as an opportunity to further develop mutual strategic cooperation. Research design, data, methodology : Mongolia's foreign economic policies, such as Mongolia's free trade agreement, EPA with Japan, and economic cooperation systems with China and Russia, were comparatively analyzed. Based on this, we would like to derive the possibility of EPA in Korea and Mongolia. Results : In terms of economic structure, Korea and Mongolia are basically evaluated to have high complementarity. Mongolia is rich in mineral resources, has a vast land, and has natural tourism resources. However, the population is small, capital is scarce, and the level of technological development is low. In contrast, Korea has a small land area and scarce resources, but has skilled technical manpower and world-class manufacturing. Therefore, from the perspective of Korea, there is room to explore new growth engines abroad based on Mongolia. Conclusions : On the other hand, both Korea and Mongolia are evaluated to have a high level of fundamental complementarity in terms of their economic structure. Mongolia is rich in mineral resources, has a vast land, and has natural tourism resources. However, the population is small, capital is scarce, and the level of technological development is low. In contrast, Korea has a small land area and scarce resources, but has skilled technical manpower and world-class manufacturing. Therefore, from the perspective of Korea, there is room to explore new growth engines abroad based on Mongolia.

This study seeks to explore the peculiar impact of critical indicators: dollar index, oil price, sovereign credit default swap (CDS), stock market returns and Libor-OIS on the Korean won (KRW) cross-currency basis (CCB) at the maturity of 1-and- 5-years by segregating the timeframe from March 2003 to September 2019 into four periods: before the global financial crisis (GFC), during GFC, during eurozone crisis and after the crisis. Hence, for this time series data, simple linear regression with ARMA errors is employed to determine the direction and magnitude of regressors’ impact on KRW as well as to deal with possible heteroskedasticity and serial correlation issues. Vector autoregression (VAR) is used to obtain forecast error variance (FEV) decomposition to ascertain the dynamic relationship and predictive influence of these variables, especially in the advent of shocks. It is affirmed that CDS, stocks and Libor-OIS were most significant during GFC. Also, all regressors were relatively significant for the overall dataset with oil having the least impact.

본 연구는 미국, 한국, 일본 대기업의 연차보고서에 나타난 최고경영자 서한의 동시 단어 분석을 통해 3국간 비즈니스 연계 CSR의 공통점과 차이점을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 3국 60개 기업의 CEO 메시지에 나타난 키워드를 수집한 다음, 핵심 키워드의 빈도 분석, 키워드 간 연결 중심성 분석, 네트워크의 구조 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 미국, 한국, 일본 기업의 최고경영자 서한에서 CSR을 설명할 때 공통적 으로 등장하는 키워드는 business, growth, product, industry, environment, stakeholder 인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 3국간 키워드 선택의 차이점도 발견되었다. 미국 최고경영자 서한에서 중요하게 사용되는 단어는 commitment, innovation, efficiency인 반면, 한국 최고경영자 서한의 경우에는 competition, competitiveness, 일본의 경우에는 technology, development, production이 주요 단어로 선정되었다. 키워드 네트워크 구조에서도 3국 간 공통점과 차이점이 발견되었다. 3국의 최고경영자 서한에 등장한 키워드 간의 네트워크를 비교해본 결과, 미국과 한국의 네트워크 구조 간 공통점이 존재하였으나 일본의 네트워크 구조는 두 국가와는 다소 상이한 특성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 각국 기업들이 비즈니스 연계 CSR 의 개념을 형성할 때 글로벌 환경에서 요구하는 제도적 정당성을 확보하기 위해 공통의 CSR 가치를 추구하는 한편, 국가경영시스템의 차이로 인한 국가적 CSR 특수성을 반영한다는 것을 보여준다. 최종적으로 본 연구는 3국간 비즈니스 연계 CSR의 공통점과 차이점을 바탕으로 한국기업의 비즈니스 연계 CSR 수행에 대한 이론적·실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

This paper analyzes commonalities and differences in business-aligned CSR of the United States, Korea, and Japan through a co-word analysis of CEO letters in sustainability reports. A comparison of the three countries enables us to investigate and empirically validate how competitive and institutional forces shape the conceptualization of business-aligned CSR in different management systems. We find the commonalities exist in word choice between countries as to how business-aligned CSR is conceptualized; business, stakeholder, product, growth, industry, and environment are the universal CSR values in the three countries. We also find the differences in word choice. Commitment, innovation, and efficiency are the keywords found particularly in letters from the CEOs in the United States, whereas competition and competitiveness have high centrality scores only in the Korean context. In the Japanese context, technology, development, production, and needs are more central keywords than in the other countries. In terms of keyword network structures, there are some similarities between the structures of the U.S. and Korean firms, while the Japanese result shows relatively unique features as contrasted with the other two countries. This paper has important implications for the CSR literature by highlighting the importance of strategic and institutional perspectives to understand business-aligned CSR of different countries. Our findings suggest common values in business-aligned CSR among different countries are attributed to corporate concerns about institutional legitimacy at the global level, while differences in CSR may result from national business systems. The results also suggest that the CSR styles of the U.S. and Japanese firms are explicit and implicit, respectively, while Korean CSR is somewhere in between the two extremes.

For the past three decades Japan’s conservative contingent has endeavored to rescue Japanese history from those who insist that Japan’s national narrative retain its more shameful elements. Arguments put forth by its supporters have surfaced in numerous monographs, textbooks, and other media outlets. This paper examines a similar effort that exploits the Internet, and specifically You Tube, as a medium of instruction designed to influence Japanese historical memory. It focuses on reinterpretations of Japan’s 1910 annexation of the Korean peninsula, and particularly a diatribe delivered by a business-man, Murata Haruki, in front of a government ministry building. His argument re-sembles other similar efforts seeking to script a “normal” national narrative that instills national pride, rather than national shame, among the Japanese people. Japan intended to annex, rather than colonize, the Korean peninsula; Japanese considered and treated the Korean people as their equal, rather than as their inferior. Pressure from Japan’s colonial and wartime-era victims has driven conservatives like Murata to explain a history that “normal countries”—victors in the Second World War—simply neglect. The national sentiment that conservatives like Murata seek to instill within their viewers strains inter-relations among Northeast Asian states at a time of increased discussion on building more intimate community relations in the region.

On dit souvent qu’une bonne traduction ne peut être produite que par un traducteur seul, lequel travaillerait directement d’une langue étrangère vers sa langue maternelle. En dépit de quelques voix qui se sont fait entendre et qui défendent la traduction indirecte, la traduction de groupe et la traduction vers des langues autres que la langue maternelle, un traducteur biculturel et bilingue travaillant seul reste encore l’idéal prédominant. Cependant, une recherche effectuée sur les traductions de la littérature coréenne en anglais dates, montre que les pratiques de traduction non standard forment une part importante dans l’amorce d’un flux de traduction.

1992년 한중간의 재수교로 양국간 경제교류는 급증하였다. 한중간 경제관계는 급속히 전개되었는 바 특히, 무역과 투자관계가 놀라운 발전을 지속하였다. 양국간 무역과 투자의 팽창은 상호의존이 심화되는 신호이고 양국간의 긴밀한 협력이 양국의 경제 성장을 위해 그 중요성이 상호간에 입증되고 있음을 분명히 보여주고 있다. 어느 나라든 산업간 생산의 분담과 협력을 심화하여 상대국이 제공하는 기회를 활용하여야 한다. 비록 산업협력을 위한 노력이 증가하고 있더라도 협력을 더욱 증진시킬 수 있는 분야는 아직도 상존하 고 있다.

The reestablishment in 1992 of formal diplomatic relations between China and Korea has led to a surprisingly rapid growth of bilateral economic exchanges. The economic relations between China and Korea have been rapidly evolving, in particular, through trade and investment linkages. The rapid expansion of bilateral trade and investment is a sign of growing interdependence, and it clearly shows that bilateral integration has become an increasingly important source for both countries` growth, Each country should embrace the opportunities provided by the other by deepening intra-industry production sharing and cooperation. While there have been growing efforts for industrial cooperation, there still is room for enhancing cooperation.