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최근 들어 북한 주민과 남한 주민간의 상봉행사가 실시되고, 북한을 이탈하여 대한민국으로 입국하는 사람의 수가 증가하게 되자, 남한에서 살다가 사망한 피상속인의 재산을 북한 주민이나 탈북자가 상속하게 되는 경우가 증가하였다. 그리하여 북한 주민의상속으로 인한 문제를 해결하기 위한 「남북 주민 사이의 가족관계와 상속 등에 관한 특례법」이 2012년에 제정되어 시행되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 위 법률의 내용이 자세하지 못하여 북한 주민의 상속과 관련된 법적 쟁점을 충분히 규율하지 못하고 있다고 생각된다. 북한 주민의 상속과 관련된 대법원 판결은 현재까지 공식적으로 공개된 것이 없지만,2013. 7. 25. 선고된 2011므3105 판결에서는 북한 주민의 상속과 관련된 다양한 쟁점을 제시하고 있다. 그 가운데에는 대한민국 법원에 관할권이 있는지, 준거법은 어떻게 결정해야 하는지와 같은 절차법적인 문제 외에 상속회복청구권을 행사할 기간을 정하고있는 민법의 규정을 어떻게 해석해야 하는지 등과 같은 실체법상의 문제도 있다. 나아가북한 주민을 포함한 공동상속인을 어떻게 결정해야 하며, 북한 주민에 대한 대습상속 및 유증에 관한 문제와 북한 주민이 상속받게 되는 재산의 관리에 관한 문제들이 발생한다. 이 글에서는 실체법적인 문제로서 북한 주민을 포함한 공동상속인은 정함에 있어서 생존한 사실은 확인되지만, 상속개시 당시 상속인으로서의 지위를 갖지 못한 북한 주민은상속인에 포함되기 어렵다는 결론을 제시하였고, 대습상속이나 유증의 경우에는 대습상속인이나 수유자의 신원을 파악하는 것이 어려운 경우 이에 대비하기 위한 제도적 장치를 마련해야 한다는 점을 지적하였으며, 상속회복을 청구할 수 있는 기간은 합리적으로제한해야 할 것이고, 북한 주민이 상속받은 재산이 보다 안정적으로 관리될 수 있는 방안이 강구되어야 함을 주장하였다. 이 글은 현재 제기되고 있는 북한 주민의 상속에 관한 문제에 대한 최종적인 해결책을제시한 것이라기보다는 문제해결을 위한 아이디어를 제공하는 수준에 그치고 있지만, 앞으로의 연구에 조금이나마 보탬이 되기를 희망한다.

Recently, North Korean meet South Korean and Residents escaping from North Korea entered Republic of Korea. Therefore the Inheritance from ancestor who lived in South Korea to North Korean or Residents escaping from North Korea are increased. So 「Act on Special Cases concerning Family Relationships, Inheritance, etc. between Residents in South and North Korea」 legislated in 2012. While Supreme Court pronounced inheritance case between North Korean and successors who live in South Korea. (Supreme Court Decision 2011me3105 Decided July 25, 2013) North Korean claim Seeking Recognition of Affiliation and Supreme Court admitted claim of plaintiffs. In this case Supreme Court declared several issues. The issues are does South Korean court have Jurisdiction, how decide on applicable law, how interpret provisions about expiration of the claim for recovery of inheritance. And the other issues are exist that how decide the successors including North Korean, problems about Inheritance by Representation and Renunciation of Testamentary Gift, problems about Management of Property inherited by or Bequeathed to North Koreans, etc. In this article I bring up conclusions each issues, and I hope this article become an opportunity to beginning of additional researches.

As a significant manifestation of oral literature, folk tales evolve and develop by continuous recreation of several generations. With the features of strong continuation and rare handed-down texts, they are prone to be easily changed in content among different social groups or in different historical periods. Therefore, the first-hand story materials can only be got through repeated field investigations, even so it still needs luck and serendipity to get in-revised local original stories. The significance of folk tales in regional culture research is self-evident for they can keep and retain the local cultural characteristics. Zhuanghe folk tales exists as a form of popular folk art in southern China, which has formed a distinctive folk story system after hundreds years of inheritance and development and occupies vital status in oral literature history in Liaoning and even in northeastern region. Deeply rooted in the mountains and marine culture, Zhuanghe folk tales have the features of strong continuation, salient regional characteristics, colorful story types, vivid character images and so on. They have been included in succession in the “Dalian municipal intangible cultural heritage list” and “Liaoning principal intangible cultural heritage list”. The research on intangible cultural heritages is an important step to strengthen the national soft power and truly reach the goal of cultural rejuvenation in China. What’s more, the foreign translation of intangible cultural heritages is a momentous way to promote Chinese culture to go out and contribute the “One Belt One Road” construction. As as a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Dalian City, Zhuanhe is also a cultural ancient city with a long history. It is located in the eastern part of Liaodong Peninsula and in the northeast of Dalian. Close to Dandong City, Zhuanghe is adjacent to Donggang City in the north and Biliu River to its west. With mountains to its north side and the South Yellow River to its south, it faces Changhai Country islands across the sea. Geographically, Zhuanghe belongs to the southern part of Qianshan Mountains since there are all low mountains and hilly areas throughout its whole region . In its northern part, there are winding mountains and overlapping hills. However the southern coastal areas are quite flat and open. Zhuanghe can be regarded as a blessing place with mountains and sea owing to its geographical features of “50% of mountains, 10% of rivers and sea, 40% of flatland”. This kind of geographical pattern and long history provides rich and colorful materials to the inheritance of Zhuanghe folk tales. Large amount of pottery fragments with exquisite patterns and beautiful images have been excavated in many Neolithic cultural sites such as Banla Mountain Site in Yin hemlet and West Ditch Site in Zhuanghe, which proves its long history. Zhuanghe belongs to Yingzhou in Shang Dynasty and is under the jurisdiction of Youzhou in Zhou Dynasty. In Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it is the original location of Yan. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, it still keeps Yan’s traditions and conventions and stays under the political management of Liaodong Country. Until the year of Guang-hsu 33(1907), Qing government set up the governors of the three Northeastern provinces, Zhuanghe state is under the charge of Fengtian province and belongs to Xingfeng County governed by the three Northeastern provinces, and since then Zhuanghe has become an independent political geographical name. The long history of Zhuanghe City and the development of its culture provides rich cultural soil for the formation, inheritance and development of Zhuanghe folk tales. The research on Zhuanghe folk tales is vital for the research on Dalian local culture and even on the northeastern folk culture. It’s necessary to have detailed research on Zhuanghe folk tales since they are the living specimen of Dalian local literature. This paper intends to show the current situation and inheritance dilemma of Zhuanghe folkt ales by analyzing the outstanding heroism, folk features and Manchu cultural characteristics, further more it stresses on the necessity of creative foreign translation of Zhuanghe folk tales.

민법 제999조는 상속회복청구권에 대하여 규정하면서, 단기의 제척기간을 규정하고 있다. 이에 대하여, 그에 대한 특례규정인 ‘남북 주민 사이의 가족관계와 상속 등에 관한 특례법’ 제11조 제1항은 상속회복청구권의 제척기간에 대하여 아무런 취지도 규정하고 있지 않다. 현행법의 이러한 상황에서, 최근 북한 주민 상속인이 남한 주민 상속인을 상대로 하여 상속회복청구소송을 제기하였다. 대상 사안의 핵심적 쟁점은 대상 사안에 대하여 민법 제999조 제2항이 적용된다고 보아야 할 것인지 여부에 있다. 이 쟁점에 대하여, 학설⋅판례 상으로 민법 제999조 제2항의 적용을 긍정하는 견해⋅유사 취지의 규정이 유추적용되어야 한다는 견해⋅민법 제999조 제2항의 적용을 부정하는 견해가 중요 견해로 부각되어 왔다. 대상 판결의 다수의견과 항소심은 첫 번째 견해의 입장에서 판단하여 원고의 주장을 받아들이지 않았고, 대상 판결의 반대의견은 두 번째 견해의 입장에서 판단하였다. 제1심은 세 번째 견해의 입장에서 판단하여 원고의 주장을 받아들였다. 결과적으로 원고 즉 북한 주민 상속인의 주장은 받아들여지지 않았다. 필자는 위 세 견해 가운데 세 번째 견해가 타당하다고 보았으며, 대상 판결과 항소심의 판단 보다 오히려 제1심의 판단이 법리적으로 타당하다고 보았다. 다음으로 필자는 관련 현행법을 입법적으로 보완하는 방향에 대하여 두 가지 방안 즉 상속회복청구권제도를 폐지하면서 특례법을 개정⋅보완하는 방안과 상속회복청구권의 존치를 전제로 하면서 특례법을 개정⋅보완하는 방안을 제시하고 있다. 법리적으로 볼 때 첫 번째 방안이 이상적이지만, 이를 추진하는 데에는 많은 논의와 시간이 필요할 것이라고 지적하고 있다. 두 번째 방안을 제시하는 데 있어서는 상속회복청구권의 제척기간을 연장하는 조항을 신설하는 것이 타당하다고 보고 있다. 이어서 필자는 후속 연구과제에 대하여 약간의 견해를 피력하고 있다. 필자는 대상 사안에 있어서는 남북 분단의 특수성과 평화통일을 지향하는 헌법정신 등에 비추어, 북한 주민 상속인의 이익 보호에 특히 주목해야 하며 아울러 남한 주민의 기득권 보호 및 거래 안전을 고려해야 할 것이라고 누차 강조하고 있다.

Article 999 of Civil Act stipulates claims for Recovery of inheritance including a short exclusion period. With respect to this, Article 11(1) of ‘Act on the Special Cases concerning Family Relationships, Inheritance, etc. between Residents in South and North Korea’, the special regulation of the Act does not stipulate any legislative meaning of exclusion period of claims for recovery of inheritance. Recently North Korean heir issued a lawsuit for inheritance recovery against South Korean heir in this situation of the existing law. The core issue of the case is whether Article 999(2) in Act can be applied to this problem. With respect to this issue, the three opinions have been emerged as a controversy: Firstly, the positive opinion that this case is applied to 999(2) in the Act according to the doctrines and the judicial precedents, secondly, the opinion that it is applied analogically to interpretation of similar regulation, lastly, the negative opinion that it is not applied to. The plaintiff’s assertion was rejected in the appellate judgment and a majority of Supreme Court judgement according to the first opinion, but the dissenting opinions of Supreme Court judged the case according to the second. The first trial accepted plaintiff’s assertion according to the last opinion. Consequently, the insistence of North Korean heir was not accepted. The writer thinks that the last among the above three opinions is reasonable and the judgement of the first trial is more reasonable than that of appellate court and of Supreme Court in the view point of legal principles. The writer suggests two ways to complement the relevant existing law by legislative change. One is the way to abolish a claim for the inheritance recovery and to amend the special regulation, and the other is the way to amend the special regulation with maintaining a claim for inheritance recovery. The first is ideal in the point of legal principles, but it is hard to proceed the way as it needs much time and discussions. The second is suitable that the exclusion period of the right will be prolonged. Subsequently, the writer expresses an opinion on the follow-up research task. The writer emphasizes that protection of North Korean heir’s profit is worthy of note in the light of specificity of the division of Korea into north and south and the spirit of constitution toward peaceful unification, and that it is important to consider the protection of vested rights and transaction safety of the resident in South Korea.

본 논문에서는 후쿠마 요시아키가 제기한 기억 계승의 문제를 오키나와 서발턴의 관점에서 논의를 전개하였다. 서발턴 연구의 관점에서 살펴볼 때, 오키나와는 본토와의 관계에서 종속적인 위치에 놓여있으며, 식민주의적 구조가 여전히 견고하게 작동하고 있다. 또한, 오키나와의 차별적 구조는 지배권력과의 관계뿐만 아니라 서발턴 내부에서 혹은 다른 서발턴과의 관계에서 또다른 차별의 구조를 만들어 내고 있다. 오키나와 서발턴의 자기결정권을 요구하는 정치적 말하기는 지속적으로 시도되었지만, 일본 정부에 의해 부정당하고 있다. 그러한 오키나와 문제의 원점이라 할 수 있는 식민주의적 관계를 확인하고 풍화되어 가는 전쟁의 기억과 의미를 계승하기 위한 그들의 위령비와 기념물이 무엇을 재현하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 오키나와 전투의 대표적인 위령비와 기념물들은 전쟁의 기억을 계승하는 것이 아니라 오히려 그 속에 있는 그들의 욕망과 전쟁책임의 문제를 망각하게 만들고 있다. 나아가 그러한 기념비나 기념물들이 오키나와의 식민주의적 관계와 차별적 구조를 느끼지 못하게 하거나 은폐하도록 작용할 수 있다. 고통의 유산이 어떻게 기억되고 기록되는지, 그러한 기념물들이 어떠한 의식을 고양하는지와 관련하여 오키나와 전쟁기억을 계승하는 움직임에 주목할 필요가 있다.

In this paper, I have discussed the issue of memory inheritance raised by Fukuma Yoshiaki from the perspective of Okinawan subalterns. From the perspective of subalterns, Okinawa is in a subordinate position in relation to the mainland, and the colonialist structure is still firmly in place. In addition, the discriminatory structure of Okinawa not only related to the dominant power, but also created another discriminatory structure within the subaltern or in relation to other subalterns. The political discourse of the Okinawan subalterns seeking self-determination has been continuously attempted, but has been denied by the Japanese government. I looked at how their memorials and monuments are reproduced in order to pass on the memory of the Battle of Okinawa to future generations and to pass on its meaning. The typical memorials and monuments to the Battle of Okinawa do not pass on the memory of the war, but rather cause people to forget the issues of their desires and war responsibility that are contained within them. Furthermore, such memorials and monuments may not make us aware of the colonialist relationship and discriminatory structure of Okinawa, or may even work to conceal them. We need to pay attention to the movement to pass on the memory of the war in Okinawa in terms of how the legacy of pain is remembered and recorded, and what kind of awareness such monuments raise.

Concerning the matter which is related with a possessive inheritance, it is based on the point of view whether we take a possession as a fact or a right. This old debate relating with an inheritance is linked with the matter-whether we emphasize a possession or an inheritance, futhermore, whether an inheritance is regarded as a personality succession or a right succession. According to our Civil Law, the possession includes both a fact and a right, and the inheritance includes both a personality succession and a right succession at the same time. In the mean time, an inheritance of possession right for the inheritor who acquires an actual possession is decided on if the inherent possession is admitted or not, according to whichever is taken importantly, a possession or an inheritance. An inheritance of possession right is existed in the contact point between the possession system which protects the actual control on an object and the inheritance system which succeeds the right and duty inclusively, and the construction of law is necessary to accord the both. The prevailing theory which admits the inherent possession of an inheritor is more persuasive in terms of an accordance of the possession and the inheritance, since it discriminates between the actual possession and the previous conceptional possession, and compromises the both as well. And this problem is based on the matter-whether we consider the inheritance as an inclusive succession of individual right and duty, or as a succession of an inheritor's position and personality. Buy the way, the precedent opinion is appropriate in case of only the conceptional possession right transference by the inheritance according to the Civil Law Article 193 because the inheritance itself does not change the nature of possession, but in case the inheritor acquires an actual control over the inheritance, it is considered as an acquisition of his own possession. The precedent opinion which reveals that it cannot be a new right even though the inheritor begins an actual possession, tends to a personality succession view which is a traditional concept, beyond the view-the essence of an inheritance is a succession of a individual right and duty. However, this should be reconsidered since it is not corresponding with a contemporary individual inheritance law, the possession is a system which gives a certain legal effect to an actual activity which controls the real life, and if an inheritor's possession could not be a new right, an acquisitive prescription itself is not easy in case of an inheritance, no matter how much time goes by, and to make a balance with other cases which grant the acquisitive prescription. In the end, an inheritor can acquire an actual control not through the conceptional possession embodiment but through an actual possession of an inheritor himself, and can take it as an inheritance title.

본 연구는 고려 14세기 지장시왕도의 도상에서 나타나는 고려불화의 독자적인 요소와 이러한 요소들이 이후의 불화들에 어떻게 계승되는지 현존하는 작품들을 토대로 살펴보고자 하였다. 지장보살과 시왕에 대한 신앙은 고려뿐만 아니라 중국과 일본에서도 널리 성행하였는데, 특히 고려의 지장·시왕신앙은 중국으로부터의 경전 유입 이외에도, 전염병과 자연재해, 왜구의 침입과 같은 고려시대 말기의 혼란스러운 사회상을 반영하고 있었다. 이와 같은 배경에서 등장한 고려의 지장시왕도상은 사천과 돈황의 사례에서도 보이듯이 중국의 도상을 연원으로 하고 있다. 특히 한 폭으로 구성된 지장시왕도는 중국 오대시기 돈황에서 본격적으로 나타나고 있으며, 남송시대에는 지장보살과 시왕을 별도의 화폭에 그려 마치 하나의 세트처럼 구성하는 형식의 그림이 등장한다. 이와 같은 세트구성의 그림은 대규모의 전각에 봉안하기 위한 용도로 제작되었을 가능성이 높다. 반면에 고려의 지장시왕도는 이와 같은 중국 지장시왕도의 도상을 연원으로 하면서도, 중국과 달리 비교적 소규모의 한 폭 구성을 일관되게 유지하고 있는데, 이는 고려의 지장시왕도가 주로 고려사회의 지배층이었던 권문세족 개인 용도의 작은 원당에 봉안할 목적으로 제작되었기 때문으로 보인다. 이러한 봉안장소의 협소함과 화폭의 제한은 지장시왕도의 존상들이 대부분 입상으로 표현 되는 등 도상의 구성에도 영향을 미쳤다. 뿐만 사천왕·제석·범천과 같은 특수한 도상이 추가되고 일부 도상이 변용되거나 다른 고려불화와 공유되는 등, 그 과정에서 고려의 독자적인 지장시왕도의 도상이 나타나기에 이른다. 이러한 고려 후기 지장시왕도의 도상은 비록 세부적인 부분에서 차이를 보이지만 고묘지(光明寺)본 <지장시왕도>나 고쿠분지(國分寺)본 <지장시왕도>와 같은 조선 전기 지장시왕도에도 대부분 계승되고 있다. 그리고 이러한 양상은 홍천 수타사 소장 <지장시왕도>의 사례와 같이 임진왜란 이후 제작된 조선 후기 불화에서도 비교적 잘 나타난다. 이와 같은 도상의 특징과 계승 양상을 살펴보았을 때 고려의 지장시왕도는 중국과 다른 고려불화의 독자성을 보여주고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 조선불화와도 연결성을 보인다는 점에서 그 중요성을 확인 할 수 있다.

This study attempted to analyze the unique elements of Goryeo Buddhist Paintings that appeared in the paintings of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and Ten Underworld Kings in the 14th century of Goryeo Dynasty and how these elements are inherited by later Buddhist paintings. The faith in Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and Ten Underworld Kings was widespread not only in Goryeo but also in China and Japan, especially, in case of Goryeo, besides the inflow of scriptures from China, this reflected the chaotic social aspects of the late Goryeo Dynasty, such as infectious diseases, natural disasters, and Japanese invasion. In this background, the iconography of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and Ten Underworld Kings in the Goryeo Dynasty emerged, this was originated from Chinese paintings from Sichuan or Dunhuang. In particular, the one-width picture form appears in Dunhuang during the Five Dynasties of China, and during the Southern Song Dynasty, a painting of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva and Ten Kings appears on a separate picture in a form of a set. The picture of this set form was considered of enshrining in large scale buddhist temple. On the other hand, Goryeo's image, which originated from Chinese paintings maintains a relatively small scale and only one picture unlike China's. This apparently because it was designed to enshrine it in a small temple for the private use of a hereditary peer, the ruling class of Goryeo. The narrowness of the burial site and the limitation of the canvas influenced the composition of the picture, with most of the pose of deity being expressed as standing figures. In addition, a painting of Ksitigarbha and Ten Kings in Goryeo were added special figures such as the Four Devas, Indra and Brahma, and some of the image were transformed or shared with other Goryeo buddhist painting, leading to the emergence of Goryeo's own unique paintings. Although there are differences in details in this Goryeo's image, most of them are also inherited in the early Joseon Dynasty's buddhist painting. Also this is relatively evident in Buddhist paintings produced after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Therefore, from the characteristics and succession patterns of these paintings, the importance of the Ksitigarbha and Ten Kings of Goryeo can be confirmed in that it shows the uniqueness of Goryeo Buddhist paintings different from China and clearly confirms the connection with Joseon Buddhist paintings

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for determine the relationship between Koreans' subjective body shape perception and weight control method in the intake of health functional food and exercise has an influencing factor. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study was a secondary data analysis study using raw data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 program, and statistically significant results were presented. Findings: In subjective body shape perception, very obese was 7.7%, slightly overweight was 28.9%, very skinny was 12.3% and very skinny was 4.3%. The results of a correlation analysis of the recent experience with whether you have taken dietary supplements for 2 weeks or more in the past year, it was found that 60.1% of them were commonly, 58.4% of slightly overweight, and 56.4% of a little skinny people. Improvements/Applications: Based on this study, it was used as a guideline for education for a correct understanding of subjective body shape perception. In addition, it was intended to be used as a guideline for follow-up studies on guidelines for dietary intake and weight control methods.

Quiet often, an organization tries to grapple with inconsistent and partial information to generate relevant information to support decision making and action. As such, an organization scans the environment interprets scanned data, executes actions, and learns from feedback of actions, which boils down to computational interpretations and learning in terms of machine learning, statistics, and database. The ExOM proposed in this paper is geared to facilitate such knowledge discovery found in large databases in a most flexible manner. It supports a broad range of learning and classification styles and integrates them with traditional database functions. The learning and classification components of the ExOM are tightly integrated so that learning and classification of objects is less burdensome to ordinary users. A brief sketch of a strategy as to the expressiveness of terminological language is followed by a description of prototype implementation of the learning and classification components of the ExOM.

｢내란기의 사색｣은 아일랜드 내란이 촉발한 예이츠의 시들 중 하나이다. 시에 내재된 주제인 유산이 예이츠의 윤리관이 반영되고 있는 것을 찾기 어렵지 않다. 이 시에서, 예이츠 자신은 예술가로서 혹은 시인으로서 역사에 참여하는데, 과거와 미래를 다루는데 중심적 역할을 한다. 또한, 그는 자신을 역사적 유산의 상속인과 피상속인으로 본다. 그는 건강한 역사적 상속을 받았으며 미래의 세대들에게 전할 자신의 건강한 유산을 만든다.

“Meditations in Time of War” is one of W. B. Yeats’s poems triggered by the Irish Civil War. It is not difficult to find a theme latent in the poem, i.e., inheritance, which reflects W. B. Yeats’s ethical sense of history about heritage. In this poem, Yeats himself plays a central role as an artist or poet in involving himself in history, say, in dealing with the past and the future. Besides, he views himself as both an inheritor and an inheritee of historical heritage. He is not only an inheritor of historical heritage but also expects to contribute to the heritage for the coming generations to inherit.

본 연구는 중국 무형문화유산인 유금희(柳琴戲)의 발전 현상을 통하여, 그것이 중국 지방극의 보호 및 전승에 대해 갖는 시사점 분석에 목적을 둔다. 본 논문은 피저 우시(邳州市)의 유금희 악단에 대한 사례 분석을 통하여, 총, ‘정부 성과’, ‘희극 본체’, ‘실천 주체’의 세 가지 측면으로 중국 지방극의 연구가 갖는 시사점에 대해 심층 분석하 였으며, 극단의 관리자에 대한 인터뷰 조사를 통해 유금희가 지방에서 발전해온 면모 를 전면적으로 재현하였다. 연구의 내용은 중국 특색 사회주의 제도에 기초하여 통일 성을 갖는 반면, 한 걸음 더 나아가 직관적으로 중국 지방극의 발전에 있어, 보편적으 로 존재하는 문제점을 반영하였다. 본 연구의 결과는, 첫째, ‘정부 성과’ 측면이다. 지 방극은 중국 정부의 적극적인 추진 정책의 기초 위에서 왕성한 발전을 거두었다. 정부 는 지방극의 발전 조건을 충족시키는 동시에 정부 간섭을 줄임으로써 발전 공간을 제 공하였다. 둘째, ‘희극 본체’ 측면이다. 극의 창작은 지방극의 특색을 보전한다는 전제 하에 최대한 ‘동질화(同質化)’ 형성을 피하고 연출 공간이 민간에서 활약되도록 하였다. 셋째, ‘실천 주체’ 측면이다. 이는 구체적으로, 원로 예술인의 발굴 및 보호, ‘사도전승 (师徒传承)’으로의 회귀, 신예 예술인의 육성 강화 및 관중의 다양한 요구 만족 및 관 중 모집 등을 포함한다. 본 연구의 의의는 중국 지방극에 대한 전승과 보호에서 부터 심층 해석 및 확장 해석을 돕는다. 또한, 연구의 참고자료로서 ‘살아 있는 전승’인 무형 문화유산의 분석과 연구에 활용될 수 있다.

This study aims to explore the enlightenment of Liuqin Drama on the protection and inheritance of Chinese local dramas by analyzing the development status of Liuqin Drama, China’s intangible cultural heritage. A case study of Pizhou Liuqin Troupe has been conducted from three aspects: “government actions”, “drama as the subject”, and “practice subject”. Besides, visit and interview against the management of the troupe have been conducted. Collectively, this has restored the appearance of Liuqin Drama in the local development. Based on the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the development background of the research content is unified to directly reflect the widespread problems in the development of Chinese local drama. Research on Chinese local drama demonstrates that regarding “government actions”, Chinese local drama has developed vigorously on the basis of the government’s active policies. To satisfy its development, the government supports its development and reduces political interference. In terms of “drama as the subject”, the production of “homogenization” should be avoided while the performance space should be active in the folk for local dramas on the premise of retaining the characteristics of local dramas. Respecting “practice subject”, they try to discover and protect old artists, return to the mode of “inheritance from master to apprentice”, and accelerate the cultivation and training of new artists. Moreover, it should meet the diverse needs of the audience and cultivate the audience. The results of this study are bound to enable people to deeply interpret and expand the inheritance and protection of Chinese local dramas. It can be the reference materials for the research on the intangible cultural heritage of “living state” inheritance.

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the hybrids of dikaryon-monokaryon(di-mono) and monokaryon-monokaryon(mono-mono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing develop superior species from Pleurotus spp. varieties with 56 Di-mono intraspecific hybrids of 14 combinations and 85 mono-mono intraspecific hybrids of 7 combinations between six Pleurotus ostreatus varieties and one Pleurotus florida variety. In this study, the results of analysis on hybridization rate, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns, and colors and yields of fruit-bodies, are presented as follows. In di-mono crosses, hybrids between Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida showed 100% of crossability as seen in those between Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus indicating that nuclei and mitochondria of a dikaryon migrated to a recipient of monokaryon. The mitochondrial DNA patterns of the hybrid strain were composed of 75% dikaryon donors and 25% monokaryon recipient. The crossability between mono-mono crossing ranges between 50 and 93.75%. 82.4% of the hybrid strain showed mitochondrial DNA patterns predominated by either parent, while the remaining 17.6% had recombinant or half-and-half combined patterns of both parents.

The primary objective of the present study is the characterization of the somatic hybrids of dikaryon-monokaryon (di-mono) crosses in mushroom breeding. We employed this technique for developing superior strain from Pleurotus ostreatus strains with 56 intraspecific hybrids of 14 combinations between six Pleurotus ostreatus strains and one Pleurotus florida strain. In this study, the results of analysis on hybridization rate, nuclear DNA patterns, and colors and morphology of fruit-bodies, are presented as follows. In di-mono crosses, somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains showed 100% of crossability as seen in those among Pleurotus strains indicating that nuclei of a dikaryon migrated to a recipient. 89.3% of the somatic hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the donor dikaryons, and 10.7% had combined DNA patterns of both parents. In the 14.3% di-mono cross between P. ostreatus and P. florida, the nuclear DNA patterns of the all hybrid strain showed the same or similar patterns compared to the donor dikaryons. 75.0% of the hybrid between P. ostreatus and P. ostreatus were similar to the donor dikaryons; 10.7% had combined DNA patterns of both parents. 82.2% of fruiting body morphology of the hybrids among Pleurotus strains were similar to the dikaryons, and 17.8% had combined DNA patterns of both parents. All hybrid strains between dikaryon P. florida and monokaryon P. ostreatus showed the fruiting body whose colors were similar to those of the dikaryon, while the hybrids between dikaryon P. ostreatus and monokaryon P. florida were all showed combined colors of both parents but are more similar to the dikaryon. Therefore, the fruiting body color of P. florida tends to be generally dominant. The present study was able to find out and suggest superior hybrid strains by identifying the nuclear DNA patterns of hybrids between Pleurotus strains as well as the characteristics of their fruiting bodies. This study expects that the advantages of the di-mono crossing are needs to be fully utilized in mushroom breeding and it is better to develop superior strains of Pleurotus strains.

최근 중국 인민법원의 판례에서 생식을 위해 배아를 냉동상태에 둔 후 부가 사망하 였고, 모가 체내이식을 통해 출산한 경우 상속권이 인정되느냐가 사회 이슈가 되었 다. 오늘날 냉동배아의 상속문제는 보조생식술의 발전과 함께 등장한 학제 간 법률적 난제로서, 상속법에서의 문제 뿐만 아니라, 윤리･도덕･종교, 공공정책 및 의학기술 등 다양한 분야의 가치 충돌을 수반하고 있다. 중국의 사법실무에서는 관련 법률규정 의 부재와 냉동배아의 법적 속성에 대한 이론적 견해 차이로 인해 재판기준에 현저한 차이가 존재한다. 더불어 상속주체 자격의 불명확성, 권리범위의 모호성 등의 문제는 사법적 불확실성을 더욱 심화시키며, 권리 보장이 미흡한 사례가 반복되고 있다. 이 러한 법 적용의 혼란은 사법 신뢰성을 저해할 뿐만 아니라, 당사자의 권리보호에도 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 인격의 존엄성과 생명 잠재력에 대한 존중, 가족구성원의 권익보호, 사회질서의 유지 및 의학기술 발전이라는 요소들을 종합적으로 고려할 때, 냉동배아의 상속문제에 대해 균형 있는 보호가 필요하다. 구체적으로는, 부부가 배아 에 대해 가지는 인격적･신분적 이익을 보장하고, 그들의 자율적 의사를 충분히 존중 함과 동시에 가족구성원의 정서적 요구 및 사회의 공공질서를 함께 고려해야 하며, 인격적 이익과 재산상 이익, 상속권과 처분권, 개인의 권리와 사회공익, 그리고 법과 기술발전 간의 균형도 조율해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 냉동배아의 법적 성격, 상속권 귀속, 이식 시한 등을 명확히 하는 입법의 정비가 필요하다. 또 이와 관련한 전문위원회를 설치하고 윤리심사기준을 마 련하여 감독 체계를 구축하여 윤리적 심사를 강화해야 한다. 아울러 공익홍보를 통해 대중이 냉동배아의 상속에 대해 이성적 인식을 갖도록 유도함으로써, 해당 권리보호 를 과학적이고 규범적인 틀 안에 포함시켜야 할 것이다.

The issue of frozen embryo inheritance is an interdisciplinary legal problem associated with the development of assisted human reproduction technology, involving conflicting values in multiple fields such as inheritance legal relations, ethics, public policy and medical technology. In China's judicial practice, the lack of uniform legal provisions, coupled with theoretical differences in the legal attributes of frozen embryos, has led to significant differences in adjudication standards. At the same time, the fuzzy qualifications of the subject of inheritance and the unclear boundaries of rights further aggravate the judicial uncertainty, making the phenomenon of insufficient protection of rights frequent. This confusion in the application of the law not only undermines the credibility of the judiciary, but also is not conducive to the maintenance of the rights and interests of the parties. Based on the respect for human dignity and life potential, the protection of the rights and interests of relatives, the maintenance of social order and the development of medical technology, it is necessary to implement a balanced protection of frozen embryo inheritance. Specifically, it is necessary to safeguard the personality and identity interests of the husband and wife with regard to the embryos and to fully respect their independent will, and at the same time to take into account the emotional needs of the family members and social order and morality, and at the same time to harmonize the balanced relationship between personality interests and property interests, inheritance and disposal rights, individual rights and interests, and social welfare, as well as between the law and the development of technology. To this end, legislation should be improved by clarifying the legal attributes of frozen embryos, the right of inheritance and the time limit for transplantation; special committees should be set up, ethical review standards should be formulated and a monitoring mechanism should be established in order to strengthen ethical review; and public welfare campaigns should be launched to guide the public to rational cognition, so as to bring the protection of the right of inheritance of frozen embryos into the orbit of scientific norms.

This study explores the interplay of invisibility and hypervisibility in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss, examining how these concepts shape the identity of diasporic and post-diasporic characters. By analyzing how visibility is mediated through the self-subjectification/ hetero-objectification paradigm of the gaze, this paper reveals how displacement complicates identity formation. Displaced individuals, often objectified and abjectified as ‘out of place’, seek invisibility to blend into their host society but become hypervisible in political discourse. Kiran Desai’s characters navigate this tension by seeking invisibility to reduce vulnerability, a response reinforced by societal marginalization. However, this need for invisibility can turn into a desire for hypervisibility upon returning home, driven by a distorted attempt to reclaim a pseudo-sovereign power. This paper questions whether this duality between invisibility and hypervisibility can be transcended or remains intrinsic to the dislocation experience and examines how these dynamics shape self-perception and construct an “always already” otherized displaced identity.

BACKGROUND: The tiger milk mushroom has been extolled for centuries due to its medicinal properties. In Malaysia, the major species Lignosus rhinocerus is recorded by ethnomycological writings to have therapeutic values. Prior to its successful cultivation in 2009, there were no records of scientific studies due to unavailability of sufficient samples. A patented solid state fermentation method successfully cultivated TM02®; followed by the development of ACE Technology to produce its extract xLr® are the first of its kind in the world and can produce a consistent supply of both the TM02® sclerotia and its extract, xLr®. Thorough study which encompassed chronic1, subacute2, and acute toxicity, genotoxicity, antifertility, and teratogenic effects was conducted to enable mass commercialization. Rigorous scientific investigations have been done to validate its traditional use and to investigate its biochemical and biopharmacological properties. RESULTS: TM02® and xLr® contain Rhinoprolycan3 fraction as its active component which could play possible role in rendering significant therapeutic properties such as antiinflammatory4, immuno-modulatory3, anti-proliferative5, anti-oxidative6, neurite outgrowth stimulation and anti-AGE7. It is proven to be effective in supporting the lung and respiratory health, immune health, maintenance of joint health (caused by inflammation), improving vitality and stamina and improving the quality of life for cancer patients. The revelation of the genome, transcriptome, proteome of L. rhinocerus has provided valuable insights into the biomolecule discovery and provided the foundation for future research and exploitation in pharmacological and functional food applications. The most recent pandemic accelerated the visibility of tiger milk mushroom for use to overcome chronic cough and severity of the infection8. CONCLUSION: It is a listed traditional medicine active ingredient list under the Malaysian National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau and the TM02® cultivar has also been filed under the New Plant Variety Protection (NPVP) of Malaysia. This is the first medicinal mushroom species that has experienced the bench to bedside framework – having had successfully completed 4 clinical trials to date with one more ongoing.