Earticle

The purpose of this study is to evaluate of habitability on buildings under machine induced vibration. In order to evaluate of habitability, we have measured the accelerations at six different points in a machine room which is located at Kumoh Institute of Technology. This measurement values were analysed as velocity, displacement by numerical integral. After that, the results were applied to foreign building code. This study can be used for basic evaluating method of machine induced vibration.

This paper aims to offer a solution based on intelligent document classification to create a user-centric information retrieval system allowing user-centric linguistic expression. So, structures expressing user intention and fine document classifying process using EBL, similarity, knowledge base, user intention, are proposed. To overcome the problem requiring huge and exact semantic information, a hybrid process is designed integrating keyword, thesaurus, probability and user intention information. User intention tree hierarchy is build and a method of extracting group intention between key words and user intentions is proposed. These structures and processes are implemented in HDCI(Hybrid Document Classification with Intention) system. HDCI consists of analyzing user intention and classifying web documents stages. Classifying stage is composed of knowledge base process, similarity process and hybrid coordinating process. With the help of user intention related structures and hybrid coordinating process, HDCI can efficiently categorize web documents in according to user's complex linguistic expression with small priori information.

The purpose of this study is to provide the damage detection method on shear building structures by the damage index directly induced from dynamic equation. The provided damage index could be estimated from measured mode shape of undamaged structure and frequency difference between undamaged and damaged structure. The damage detection method is applied to numerical analysis model such as MATLAB and MIDAS GENw for the verification. The damage index at damaged story represents (-) sign and 15 times than other undamaged stories.

The purpose of this study is to present the damage detection method on shear building structures by mode shape. The damage location index using 1st mode shape is observed theoretically to find out damage location. The damage detection method is applied to numerical analysis model such as MATLAB and MIDAS GENw for the verification. Finally the shacking table test on 3 story shear building is performed for the examination of the damage detection method.

Among various styles of the mixed building structures in domestic construction field, the mixed building structures of upper wall-lower frame system are composed of upper shear walls, lower beam-column frames and transfer girder connecting both structures. This mixed building structure usually shows irregularity of stiffness, weight and geometrics. Regarding the mixed building structures of upper wall-lower frame system, four models with different sizes of transfer girder were chosen to investigate the response characteristics of pushover analysis of structures.

This paper addresses an experimental behavior of stub columns and flexural members made of 570MPa steel pipes for aseismatic building structures as a fundamental study to enhance the applicability of high strength steel. In this study, mechanical properties(chemical compositions, mechanical test, charphy impact test, welding performance etc) and structural performance of 570MPa steel pipes in accordance with their width-thickness ratio are quantitatively estimated. A total seven specimens(stub column:3ea, flexural specimen:4ea) are tested. The main results show that : 1) maximum strength of stub columns and bending specimens are shown 1.02～1.21, 1.23～1.38 times of calculated values. 2) the final modes of stub column specimens and bending specimens are obtained by the local buckling.

일반 상업용 건물에서 중간층에 콘서트공연장과 같은 시설이 들어서는 경우, 이 층에서의 격심한 율동가진으로 인하여 인접층에서의 작업성이나 사용성에 문제가 될 우려가 있으며, 국내에서도 휘트니스센터의 태보운동으로 인해 발생한 율동적 가진이 최상층의 바닥진동의 원인으로 밝혀진 사례도 나타났다. 또한 율동가진의 진동은 가진진동수가 대략 10Hz이하로서 건물 바닥구조의 고유진동수와 중첩될 수 있으므로 더욱 중요한 문제라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 건물 내부에서의 율동가진으로 인하여 건물의 상하부 층에 전파되는 진동의 전달특성을 구명하고자 중간층에 콘서트공연장이 있는 건물에서, 락콘서트 공연이 진행되고 있을 때에 공연장과 인접층에서 발생하는 진동 특성을 측정하여 율동가진에 의한 구조물의 진동특성과, 가진층에서 다른 층으로 전달되는 수직진동의 전달특성을 실험적으로 분석하였으며 향후 중간층에 콘서트공연장과 같은 종류의 시설이 있는 구조물을 신축할 때 사전에 해석을 실시하여 구조물의 각층에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있도록 동적구조해석도 수행하였다.

When massed rhythmic activities are practiced on floor of mid-story in buildings, the corresponding floor may vibrate strongly and also neighboring floors may vibrate according to amount of transmitted vibration. Such floor vibration should more or less influence on building serviceability and, what's more in the long run, it may deteriorate structural safety. Thus, the behavior of these vibration should be investigated to be properly considered on structural design or schematic design of buildings. In this study, for the existing building which has large concert hall on mid-story, floor vibrations of several stories were measured when the most famous rock singer performed live concert with his excited enthusiastic admires in that concert hall. These measured data were compared with each other and, investigated to induce the behavior of floor vibration and the feature of vibration transmission. And then, floor vibrations generated by rhythmic activities of the building were analysed by dynamic analysis program to ascertain the experimental conclusion.

In performance-based seismic design, it is clear that the evaluation of the nonlinear response is required. One of the most accurate earthquake analysis method for the performance evaluation of structure is nonlinear response history analysis, but it is time-consuming and necessitate more efforts. Approximate methods are presented for estimating the capacity of structures while subjecting earthquake ground motions. This is made possible by exploiting the connection between the nonlinear static response of structure and the dynamic response of SDF system whose backbone matches the structure’s pushover curve. The nonlinear direct spectrum method(NDSM) and the uncoupled modal response history analysis(UMRHA) are proposed and studied to evaluate nonlinear response of structures, without iterative computations, given by the structural linear vibration period and yield strength from the pushover analysis. In this study, it is to compare the practicality and the reliability of approximate nonlinear methods with respect to mixed building structures and various earthquakes.

We investigated the hazard building facilities in Sokcho, Goseong, Yangyang and the suspended constructional structures, and also investigate the quality of management status and the perception of nearby residents to identify the risk and find out how to eliminate the risk factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of the facilities applied to the municipal law centered on the Gangwon province and to show the maintenance and management of facilities and what do their residents think about the maintenance and the existence of structures by analysing the system. It's purpose is to improve the system so that it can be maintained efficiently and suggest the direction of development.

One of the most accurate earthquake analysis method for the performance evaluation of structure is nonlinear time history analysis, but it is time-consuming and necessitate more efforts. Approximate methods are presented for estimating the capacity of structures while subjecting earthquake ground motions. This is made by exploiting the connection between the nonlinear static response of structure and the dynamic response of SDF system whose backbone matches the structure’s pushover curve. The capacity spectrum method is one of general approximate methods which is based on equivalent linearization where the inelastic deformation is approximated by the maximum deformation of an equivalent linear elastic system having equivalent viscous damping. It requires iterative computations, because the equivalent damping ratio is computed as a function of the maximum deformation. The nonlinear capacity spectrum method estimate the maximum inelastic deformation of SDF system by nonlinear response spectra. The nonlinear direct spectrum method is proposed and studied to evaluate nonlinear response of structures, without iterative computations, given by the structural linear vibration period and yield strength from the pushover analysis. In this study, it is to compare the accuracy and the reliability of approximate nonlinear methods with respect to upper wall-lower frame system and various earthquakes.

The Korean Building Code was provided by the Ministry of Construction & Transportation in April, 2005. The earthquake resistant design criteria in this Korean Building Code has been improved. In this paper, such results as the lateral force and the story shear, etc. calculated by the equivalent static analysis procedures which were provided in the Korean Building Code, the ATC provisions and the UBC97 are compared with the results calculated by the dynamic analysis procedure provided in the Korean Building Code. And the differences between the lateral forces calculated by the equivalent static analysis procedures and those calculated by the dynamic analysis procedure have been examined. According to these examined differences, an improved method to calculate the lateral forces of the bearing wall-type building structures based on the equivalent lateral force procedure has been proposed.

Among various styles of the mixed building structures in domestic construction field, the mixed building structures of upper wall-lower frame system are composed of upper shear walls, lower beam-column frames and transfer girder connecting both structures. This mixed building structure usually shows irregularity of stiffness, weight and geometrics. Regarding the mixed building structures of upper wall-lower frame system, four models with different sizes of transfer girder were chosen to investigate the response characteristics of pushover analysis of structures. Following is the pushover analysis results. 1) As the dimension of transfer girder increases, the upper structure shows independent behavior features due to transfer girder and the increase of stiffness. Although trivial, we identified separate system behaviors between upper structure and lower structure. 2) If the transfer girder is dimensioned with depth of 1/10(m) of upper story height and width of 1/3 depth, it is safe but may be considered as an excessive schemes.

본 연구에서는 쌓기나무로 쌓은 모양의 위, 앞, 옆에서 본 모양을 제시하여, 쌓기나 무로 쌓은 모양을 그리는 방법을 추론한 후, 쌓기나무로 쌓은 모양을 평면에 그려 내는 과제를 초등 예비교사들에게 투입하여 그들의 공간 추론 양상을 연구하였으 며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 50명의 초등 예비교사들 중에서 쌓기나무로 쌓 은 모양을 그리는 방법을 정확하게 추론하고, 추론한 쌓은 모양을 평면에 모두 그 려낸 예비교사는 18명으로 매우 적었으며, 20명의 초등 예비교사들은 쌓기나무로 쌓는 방법을 추론하는 능력과 쌓은 모양을 그리는 능력이 보통 이하로 분석되어 이들의 문제해결 능력은 높지 않았다. 둘째, 쌓기나무로 쌓은 모양을 그릴 때 필요 한 관찰 방향의 개수에 대한 인식에서도 잘못된 관점을 가진 초등 예비교사들은 28명으로 옳은 관점을 가진 22명의 초등 예비교사보다 더 많았다. 셋째, 과제 수행 중 초등 예비교사들이 사용한 De Moor(1990)의 공간 추론 활동들 중에서 시각화 방법의 개발 및 적용하기, 체계적 접근하기, 국소 연역적 추론, 분해와 종합하기 순 으로 활용도가 높게 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로부터 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등 예비교사들의 교육에서 공간 추론 교육 을 강화할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 초등 예비교사들에게 쌓기나무로 쌓은 모양을 평면 에 직접 그려내는 교육이 필요하다.

In this study, we presented elementary pre-service teachers with the shapes seen from the top, front, and side of building block structures, let them draw, after inferring the process of the drawing, the shapes on the plane, and analyzed their spatial reasoning patterns. The results of the study are as follows: First, only 18 of the 50 participants performed well with accurate inferences and exact shape drawing, while 20 of them were poor at inferring how to draw the shapes and showed less than average ability in their drawing. Second, there were more pre-service teachers(28 out of 50) who had wrong perspectives than those(22 out of 50) with the correct perspectives in the perception of the number of observation directions needed to draw the shapes stacked with building blocks. Third, among the spatial reasoning activities by De Moor(1990), the participants were analyzed to show high utilization of development and application of spatial visualization methods, systematic approach, local deductive reasoning, and decomposition and synthesis in order. Consequently, the implications of this study are as follows: First, we need to strengthen spatial reasoning ability in our education of elementary pre-service teachers. Second, our elementary pre-service teachers need to be educated to draw the shapes of different building block structures on the plane themselves.

프로젝트의 성공을 위해 경제성은 핵심적인 요소로 작용한다. 특히 초기 단계에서의 경제성 분석은 생애주기 비용(LCC)과 운영 수익을 포함한 전반적인 관점에서 이뤄져야 한다. 경제성이 확보되지 않은 상태에서 프로젝트가 진행될 경우, 공공 구조물일 때는 국민 세금 부담이 가중되고, 민간 자본일 경우 수익성 악화로 운영 중단의 위험이 발생할 수 있다. 이로 인하여 공사 중단이나 준공 후 방치된 시설은 지역 주민들에게도 피해를 초래하게 된다. 강원 도 고성군에 위치한 울산바위를 조망할 수 있는 전망대와 체험시설 조성을 통한 지역 관광 활성화 방안을 다룬다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 44호선 국도를 중심으로 지역경제의 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 고성군의 대표 관광자원인 울산바 위를 조망할 수 있는 모노레일과 상업시설을 건립하는 공공 구조물인 U-프로젝트를 제안하고 그 프로젝트에 대하여 경제성 분석을 통해 건립 타당성을 분석하고 고성군 지역경제 회복과 설악권 발전에 기여할 수 있는 타당성을 검토 하고, 지역 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 결론적으로 울산바위 전망 타워 랜드마크 조성 대상지는 순현재가치(NPV)가 양수이며, 비용-편익 비율(B/C) 역시 기준을 충족하는 등 타당성이 충분한 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따라, 보다 안정적인 재 무 구조를 확립하고, 운영 효율성을 극대화할 수 있는 방안을 적극적으로 모색해야 할 것이다.

Economic feasibility is a key factor in the success of a project. In particular, economic analysis in the early stages should be conducted from a holistic perspective including life cycle costs (LCC) and operating income. If a project is carried out without securing economic feasibility, the national tax burden will increase if it is a public building structure, and if it is private capital, there is a risk of operational suspension due to deterioration in profitability. As a result, facilities left abandoned after construction or completed will also cause damage to local residents. This paper discusses a plan to revitalize local tourism by creating an observatory and experience facilities overlooking Ulsanbawi Rock located in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do. In this study, we propose the U-Project, a public structure that builds a monorail and commercial facilities overlooking Ulsanbawi, a representative tourist attraction of Goseong-gun, centered on National Road No. 44 in Gangwon-do, in order to overcome the difficulties of the local economy. We analyze the feasibility of the project through economic analysis, examine its feasibility to contribute to the recovery of the local economy of Goseong-gun and the development of the Seorak area, and suggest a plan to revitalize the region. In conclusion, the Ulsanbawi Observation Tower Landmark Construction Project was analyzed to have sufficient business feasibility as the net present value (NPV) was positive and the cost-benefit ratio (B/C) also met the criteria. Accordingly, we should actively seek ways to establish a more stable financial structure and maximize operational efficiency.

Traditionally, aerial images have been used as main sources for compiling topographic maps. In recent years, lidar data has been exploited as another type of mapping data. Regarding their performances, aerial imagery has the ability to delineate object boundaries but omits much of these boundaries during feature extraction. Lidar provides direct information about heights of object surfaces but have limitations with respect to boundary localization. Considering the characteristics of the sensors, this paper proposes an approach to extracting buildings from lidar and aerial imagery, which is based on the complementary characteristics of optical and range sensors. For detecting building regions, relationships among elevation contours are represented into directional graphs and searched for the contours corresponding to external boundaries of buildings. For generating building models, a wing model is proposed to assemble roof surface patches into a complete building model. Then, building models are projected and checked with features in aerial images. Experimental results show that the proposed approach provides an efficient and accurate way to extract building models.

the devastating earthquake which occurred in Turkey on August 187, 1999, reminds again us the necessity of the preparedness for the earthquake hazard. the level of earthquake engineering in Koran is still low due to the short period of the research and development in this field. Therefore the most efficient way of promoting our technology in this field is considered to collect the information on the state of the art and practice developed in the advanced countries in earthquake engineering and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages and then reflect these to the new seismic codes. for this purpose this study reviews the concept and main characteristics of Eurocode 8 and the findings of many researches that have been performed for the improvement of EC8. Finally the seismic performance evaluation of the building structures designed according to EC8. and the relevant recommendations are summarized.

A feasibility study on the seismic design of nuclear reactor buildings with application of a seismic isolation system is introduced. After the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake in Japan of 1995, seismic isolation technologies have been widely employed for commercial buildings. Having become a mature technology, seismic isolation systems can be applied to NPP facilities in areas of high seismicity. Two reactor buildings are discussed, representing the PWR and BWR buildings in Japan, and the application of seismic isolation systems is discussed. The isolation system employing rubber bearings with a lead plug positioned (LRB) is examined. Through a series of seismic response analyses using the so-named standard design earthquake motions covering the design basis earthquake motions obtained for NPP sites in Japan, the responses of the seismic isolated reactor buildings are evaluated. It is revealed that for the building structures examined herein: (1) the responses of both isolated buildings and isolating LRBs fulfill the specified design criteria; (2) the responses obtained for the isolating LRBs first reach the ultimate condition when intensity of motion is 2.0 to 2.5 times as large as that of the design-basis; and (3) the responses of isolated reactor building fall below the range of the prescribed criteria.