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The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of shop facade in the commercialized residential area in the "Mannam Gil Block". The "Mannam Gil Block" in Jangjeon-Dong, Busan is located in between Busan National University and subway station. This block was developed as a typical residential area consisted of detached houses from late 1960s to 1980s. Due to the growth of Pusan National University and the opening of subway, this area has been commercialized rapidly from 1990s up to now. Due to the genetic reason, the shops in this area have diverse types of facades. To find out the characteristics of facade, this study investigated various features of the area such as accessibility, openness and closed-ness.

As time goes by, I grasp problems which come from exteriors of commercial buildings and new trend in architecture. Through research which is about making plans for the longevity of exteriors, I pursue solutions for problems with exterior plans of architecture which make buildings maintain existing exteriors throughout time. In order to figure out problems with architectual exterior, I suppose the range of research should be targed to analyze small and medium scale commercial buildings

The concept of speed has been altered the idea of space. Speed reduces distance and negatives the space. Non-place of speed removes the mass from the architectural space that constructed with the inter-penetration of both material mass and immaterial space. The architecture has lost the materiality, and has to be supplemented the material quality. But if we would change the point of view, we may find the new architectural space with the use of the material quality.

We understand that architectural space is a place where human temporary and complex behaviour is happened. That is to say, it involves its context, regional and social features and also our experiences. As an essential constructional element, wall is relevant directly with constructed space in the aspect of society. It is reasonable to suppose that the relationship between wall and space is not individual but organic and integrated relation. Constructed space have to replace with a narrative structure as it shows social events and stories. When narrative structure is constructed, wall can be concrete thing to connect each space. It is because that wall is not only constructive element but also a kind of container with urban context, place, memory and human life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show that wall makes abstract space expressed from modern architecture integrate into a narrative structure and to examine the possibility.

The purpose of this study is a research on the current of building elevation design pattern and classifying principal factors in the main structure system and exterior materials of a selection having an effect on the elevation design through the changes of recent trend with the time of completion and building scale of the principal high-rise residential buildings in Korea.. Finally, high-rise building top part is escape from equipment and instrument beauty and emphasis skyline as an urban high-rise and then transformation of formative. As well as harmonization with mass form and symbol images for land-mark in region including meaning of landmark. Therefore high-rise building expressed and identified natural form factors from this study.

The role of downtown(urban center or Core) centralized by various activities has kept changing in proportion to the urban growth, but in comparison with the urban quantitative growth expanded externally, the changing rate of the downtown has not reached it, which resulted in hollowing-out of the downtown. In consideration of the foregoing issue, this study attempted to suggest a countermeasure for urban activation, giving effective function to declined commercial area due to hollowing out of existing downtown, surveying and analyzing existing literatures related to the downtown decline and activation, and cases of the downtown activation experienced in the advanced cities of the UK, USA and Japan, materializing domestic cities and examining their properties, researching improvement plan and strategy by type, and groped for a plan for activation and introduction of function that is available for activation, based on the statistical data acquired from analyzing Bukmunro 2-ga, the northern downtown that is relatively lagging behind. Study and purpose and the extent in the first chapter in paper that see to these subject and composes and progressed by internal and external example investigation ․ Test and great upper limbs statistical data analysis in the fourth chapter in city and theoretical literature ricochet shot for downtown, the third chapter in the second chapter. I suggested functional activation of following downtown business session and downtown refreshing plan through this study.

The devastation caused by fast-growing cities created keenly nature's needs. Demand for natural is becoming a topography in modern architecture. And economic growth and the desire for culture and education become important focus in determining people's quality of life. This is building various forms of cultural facilities, became to need cultural space by leisure time increased. Accordingly, a study is purpose to plan a children`s museum to take charge of organic culture answering to space topography and social environment, leisure space as a role and educational space as a role.

In this study, one basic historical viewpoint is that the exterior of architecture free of structure could be an expressional factor. It means that in the traditional architecture the exterior implies the integrated meanings of structure and decorations but in modern architecture it implies beauty criteria or images. The concept of structure and decorations can be found in pre-modern architectural styles and is almost the same as that of comtemporary Architecture. However, with the various methods of expression available, the architectural styles could be approached with new meanings and urban images in a contemporary society.For the ideal formation of space, the exterior should include the fundamental meanings of shape as a way of expressing it. This study aims to examine the fundamental physical nature of materials before being used to express the shape of space rather than show the ways to express the shape.

This study aims at probing ontological design elements of Louis Kahn architecture based on Heidegger theory which can explain the existence will through his design concepts. conclusively, Kahn′s ontological design elements could be analysed as silence, light, inspiration and institution, respectively, and they were ontologically explained.

Although many mentally retarded children must have a benefit from special classes, vocational training and other social community programs, few of these services and facilities have been provided because of no any legal or institutional facility standard in Korea. They have also the right to an education; the opportunity to develop intellectual, social, and vocational abilities should not be neglected because of differences in intellectual potentia1 and physical disability. Out of the vocational education facility, the mentally retarded children suffer seriously from physical disorder in addition to mental retardation, At the same time, their spacial needs for the specialized vocational rehabilitation facilities are increasing substantially so that more services can be provided. Therefore, in this paper, throughout a prepared questionaire sheet and a field investigation, some improvement strategies copying with their various and realistic needs for the desirable special educational facilities focussing on the effective vocational education shall be analyzed and presented.

Recently, urban development focus on the quantitative aspect, which means high density development, caused green fields and open space were deficiency. In another way of saying, city dwellers' dwelling environment was degenerating. In order to make urban environment as our wishes, the necessity of open space in the city was brought forward. Furthermore, with the promotion of consciousness level and living standard of city residents, the requirement to comfortable city environment was also put forward. As the created 'exterior space' in the city and the resting place in the exterior space, 'how to use them' is an important standard for city residents to comment on quality of city's physical environment. Therefore, in this paper, The meaning of resting space in center of city, as well as characteristics should be grasped. And depending on that, the raise of quality of resting space in center of city and inspect the direction of improvement are the aims of this paper. And also the construct situation of open space should be grasped, foundation for plan the comfortable space based on the satisfaction analysis was also revealed in the paper.

The integrative concepts over particular fields need to carry out for understanding complicated phenomenons in the architecture of the present age and creating new values. The interchanges between the architecture and the film progress through film theory. These interchanges stay at the dimension of adoption Montage system. This study considers the Montage theory as the concept of aesthetic and try the interchange of essential purpose between architecture and Montage theory.

In this essay, my interest in Tectonics is not merely to examine its architectural thought and value, but to focus on what meaning and perspective it can give contemporaries. While our energy is exhausted owing to modern architects' or theoreticians' based interpretation of the social phenomena and pedantic theories. Tectonics gets us to shed new light on the essence of architecture and helps concretize our view on autonomy in architecture.

By observing U.E.C. from the perspective of `Place Authenticity', which is an important concept for the definition of place in contemporary architecture and geography, the study focuses on the possibility of adopting the concept of placeness in U.E.C., which is considered as an artificially created space rather than a formed place. This paper explains the formation of place image of U.E.C. based on people's experiences of place by analyzing relationship between the experience of place and the formation of placeness, and tries to define `Identity of Place' and `Image of Place' based on the concept of `authenticity', which Edward Ralph revealed in the book `Place and Placelessness'.

In this study, the road external city which our country's apartment housing habitation get effected a part of simply passing purpose. In spite of occupying 70% of residential area , continuing the complexity form that is broken off relations with outside, urbane vitality is to be lowed beside of road, insufficient of space connected, according to practical use of road, and relation with complexity apartment with connected road, flow of circumstance and historic background is caused， by this study investigates various theories about relation with residing complexes and road and analyzes on actuality example for vitality promotion, the purpose that suggest the plan of direction of complex apartment against road view.

This research investigate the planning and the use of whole external space construction aimed at the examples of selected 23 mixed usage residential/business buildings which is constructed or on construction at the region of Pusan, Ulsan, and KyungNam, and analyze its features. In construction of external spaces, it is divided as a space for residents and a commonly used space for external persons and residents, while, in utilizing the external spaces of completed building of research objects, the usage of residents’ space work positively, in case of open public land dividing as social space, it is researched as most being unable to use for external person in small scale, indicated as insufficient in managing the sharable plants, and analyzed as being changed into the space for residents only due to the lack of knowledge for users. For the activity of open public land, it should be provided more detailed regulations in order to be valid in its incentive systems. In managing aspects, it should be managed continuously by selecting the main manager clearly, and it is needed to review actively in order to become a linking method considering surrounding environments in its way.

The present-day society is changing into the society where new and various meanings are more and more pursued. In this situation, tradition has been understood as only a past and already determined concept. By considering tradition as 'handing down' defined in Gianni Vattimo's hermeneutics, which continues to issue not only from the past, but also from the present and various cultures, this study is to search the possibility of tradition to house the change in today's society. After rethinking Gianni Vattimo's proposal in relation with Heidegger's texts of 'Art and Space' and 'Poetically mans dwell', this study proposes 'the same' as how to materialize 'handing down' in architecture.

Recently, banking services have been established through the inter-mediators including Automated Teller Machine, phone banking, and internet banking. By using the new services, customers take advantages of convenience without needs of visiting bank branches in that they have their own accounts. In the past, however, most transactions of customers were of deposit/withdrawal and money-transfer. The old-trend services to satisfy customers' needs had produced the increase in spending. The ideal future direction of banking services is to cut down the sales services, which would reduce management budget. As to date, some domestic banks run Segregation Of Duties (SOD) system that splits the works of bank branches into sales and operation. The SOD system rearranges their organizations by clearly defining the sources of responsibilities to appropriate employees. Therefore future bank model is the transformation of the old-fashioned services into automated systems. In the mean while, the face-to-face type of services needs to be specialized to create an additional new cultural paradigm that advances quality managements to meet customer's satisfaction. This thesis recognizes the spatial and emotional aspects accompanying by the changes of banking services and encourages new approaches of the developments for future banking codes.

This study begins from problems of uniform plane configuration of the current house. The current house is a uniform plane focused on a function only since incoming Western architecture. Therefore Maru of Korea traditional house disappeared our house. Also, balcony of current house is space for a fine view only. That is, nature and man is what was stopped by walls of a house. Now current house is must get out of uniform plane focused on a function only. So we are heir to wisdom of traditional life-style and planing house having ba harmony of nature and man.

The light was most important element to Louis I. Kahn and Tadao Ando. The purpose of this paper is to define the characteristics of the two lights. With the light, Kahn wanted to make the space for essence of existence, Ando for regeneration of landscape. The spaces were more mental aspects. To make the spaces, Kahn was at the idea of the Order-Form-Room, Ando was at the locality and historic elements. The light in Kahn's work comes down above the ceiling and connect the Rooms. The light feels bright and soft. And little locality. The light is independent in every Rooms. Ando made panoramic light with his own scenario at the site. The light is various but very limited in its volume. The light feels shadowed and cold. It is come into from the slit of the wall and from the court. The light has circumstantial characteristic with the circulation. So the light in Kahn's works can be called independent light and Ando's called circumstantial light.

In this paper, the main problem about color design for composition elements, which influence streetscape directly, has been surveyed. Through the analysis of color harmony and matching types, analysis the problem and elements of proposal, as well as elements of restriction proposal about type decision. And in order to establish new analysis sheet of color composition elements, application of essential data was the aim of this paper. At first, in previous work, the results of analysis for different types of constitute elements revealed the method for multicolor measurement and the tool of evaluation, as well as the inconsiderate color application for elements caused too many visual stimulation and confusion, which harmed to the city environment. Furthermore, due to the most of the investigation for current situation and hedonic scale were stopped, the proposals to solve the problem for those were insufficient. Therefore, in order to establish the entire color plan for each region, the type decision of composition elements' color plan in streetscape and proposal for restricted elements, were put proposed.

Spatial compositional characteristics appeared on small scale theme museum architectures can be classified into four parts. Ⅰ. Flexibility is an efficient method to create more various and different quality of space according to need of generals in a limited architectural space. Ⅱ. Unlike a central space which appears to a courtyard, an atrium and a hall, character of a-central space is a result of phenomenon which transforms the shape of the central space. Ⅲ. Character of connection is an important appearance with a local area. There are the historic sites, a tumulus to park and the space for community with local people which are connected with a local society. Ⅳ. Space for experience is one of the core elements in exhibition architectures. It is not for seeing but experiencing and receiving an education

Recently it is urgent issue in every department that problem from environmental disruption such as global warming. The case of streetscape that works essentially at city scenery, it is inevitable that changing from present view, which centers facilities and buildings, to environmental harmonic scenery. This study plans climate adjusting ability and heat capable elevation by putting ecological elements to buildings on a street which are essential factors at streetscape. Ultimately, this not only makes a pleasant environment but also revives being withered earth. Street-environment on eco-scape will take a part for designing sustainable city. This study acquires the way how buildings on a street get applied ecological element as following. Roof level part : the greening surface of the rooftop(included plant box type), the greening roof as a type of pergola, the greening surface of the middle floor rooftop(included plant box type). Elevation part : climbing type, downfall type, espalier, flower bed in balcony type, wall-installing type, water wall type, other design types. Ground level part : paving the whole surface with permeability, paving the gap with permeability, plant box type, ground plant type, water zone (included wetland), fence greening type, terrace greening type, retaining wall greening type.

The purpose of the study is to propose landscape improvement direction of building in the roadside to recover the public in the present point of time, paying attention to the rapidly changed aspect of main streets in small and medium cities by commerce-centered land use these days. As the results of the study, they are as follows. Small and medium cities are certain to have representativeness by forming and changing space structure of a town with the central axis on a national road. Recently it is an important assignment to strengthen the public in the side of living environment about the existing national road, constructing a new national bypass these days, but their streets are not differentiated with general commercial streets of large cities. Therefore, intensive management of building use and land use is required first of all to recover function of the public. Consequently improvement of city landscape has a limit in achieving locational value or recovering the public only with an individual and elemental approach since the two elements have an effect on street environment, entering into an organic relation with each other. Therefore, it is thought that more stereoscopic technique will have to be considered simultaneously

Rebuilding project consulting management system is required to make some institutional devices to solve problems of the deficiency of specialized rebuilding consulter, and to supervise properly. And the rebuilding project consulting management system makes it possible to provide some protections for association members of a rebuilding project, and need a specialized agency to drive clearly and fairly. However there are problems awaiting solution, the first problem is that the project is under the nonprofessional control, and second problem is that architect doesn't participate in the primary stage of the project, and the third problem is that limits of managing the project were not clearly divided among participators of the project. According as more qualitative improvement and to be effective rebuilding project consulting management, case studies and investigations were made about the project management and contract types of the rebuilding project consulting. As a result, proper guidelines of architect's role to managing and consulting the rebuilding project consulting system were suggested.

근 현대 건축운동의 발전에 따라, 새로운 설계이념, 방법, 도구 및 기술은 현대 건축설계과정에서 더욱 광범위하게 응용되고 있으며, 건축형태도 따라서 거대한 변화를 가져 왔다. 건축형태의 한 개 표현방식인 건축색채(建筑色彩)는 장식입면(装饰立面)，분위기 부각 및 비율조정 등에서 매우 중요한 작용을 하고 있다. 건축종류에 따라 색채는 생리적으로 사람들의 활기(活氣), 안일(安逸) 또는 흥분(興奮) 등 감각기관을 자극할 뿐만 아니라, 심리적으로 사람들의 정서에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 건축입면도의 색채설계 및 건축형태의 복잡성과 색채 설계 사이의 관계를 찾아내는 것이 본 연구의 주요한 목적이다. 본 연구에서는 98개 유럽 현대건축에 대한 조사 연구를 통하여, 건축의 복잡지수(複雜指數)에 따라 색채 패턴을 분류하였으며, 이런 색채 패턴과 건축형태 사이의 관계에 대해 연구하였다.

This research is started from the criticism of construction which is standardized and monotonous in modern city. At now, Digital filtered into not only our life but also sphere of culture and art. If we supposed that the architecture is imbued with general culture and social problem, the characteristic which is appeared by digital is related with architecture. Accordingly new trial is required that integrates architecture with digital. For this reason, based on the research about external characteristic of digital architecture, we suggest vision of future for architecture design in 21C, willing to show possibility of formation development and its application to design procedure.

It is the purpose of Build-Transfer-Lease(BTL) to apply the creativity and efficiency of private investment to public construction project. The early cultural facilities projects of BTL are expected to be operated in 2009. In this point of view this study is limited to cultural facility in BTL, we are expected to analyze the tendency of evaluation factor in cultural facility. This to study would be a guideline study of advanced research for the suggestion of request for proprsal and the composition of evaluation criteria in BTL project.

This study come direction for applicable alterability of Korean traditional residence space to today's project of exhibit facility. In such a case calligraphy museum for calligraphy product show, It needs flexibility and alterability for Display plan and Space plan through product size. Design of the Calligraphy Museum is possible. Because free from Space of division and expansion of Korea traditional residence space. Therefore, Study is identified these immanent properties of Korean traditional residence space and these properties is applied to adaptable and variable plan for exhibit facility. Hence we considered possibility of exhibit facility plan that included plane expansion and systematic connection, disbandment and recombination of system, and flat and vertical adaptability, namely flat, constitutive. Namely, because plan of exhibit facility have intimate relation with exhibits and movement of spectators and this in turn determines different display type and necessary space, the element of traditional residence space must introduced properly.

When a cosmopolitan have cognizance of environmental crisis, it is start to appeal that a newable housing estate introduce in sustainable concept by an architecture and interior design. Within Korea, 'the Ministry of Construction and Transportation' and 'the Ministry of Environment' carry into effect 'Green Building Certification System' what is combined to manage each other. But, there are not clearly indicated guidance about sustainable housing estates that is not to originaly distinction. The aim of study is searching for deviced inflectional forms in Korea, housing estate feature in Singapore and inquire to BCA Green Mark, investigate environment-friendly feature to 'Oceanfront Housing' estate that was awarded best level ; Platinum.