Earticle

In cognitive radio (CR), secondary users (SUs) are able to sense the absence of primary users (PUs) in the spectrum. Then, SUs use this information to opportunistically access the licensed spectrum in the PUs’ absence. In this paper, we present an implementation of real-time video transmission with spectrum-sensing between two points using GNU Radio and a National Instruments 2900 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). In our project, spectrum-sensing is implemented at both transmitter and receiver. The transmitter senses the channel, and if the channel is free, a video signal (which could be a real-time signal from a video file) will be modulated and processed by GNU Radio and transmitted using a USRP. A USRP receiver also senses the channel, but in contrast, if the channel is busy, the signal is demodulated to reproduce the transmitted video signal. This project brings in several challenges, like spectrum-sensing in the devices’ environment, and packets getting lost or corrupted over the air.

The application of Wireless Sensor Networks requires a wise utilization of limited energy resources. Therefore, a wide range of routing protocols with a motivation to prolong the lifetime of a network has been proposed in recent years. Hierarchical clustering based protocols have become an object of a large number of studies that aim to efficiently utilize the limited energy of network components. In this paper, the effect of mismatch in parameter estimation is discussed to evaluate the robustness of a distanced based algorithm called distributed clustering protocol in homogeneous and heterogeneous environment. For quantitative analysis, performance simulations for this protocol are carried out in terms of the network lifetime which is the main criteria of efficiency for the energy limited system.

This paper presents a solution for personal profiling system based on user-oriented tracking. Here, we introduce a new way to identify and track humans by using two types of cameras: dome and face camera. Dome camera has a wide view angle so that it is suitable for tracking human movement in large area. However, it is difficult to identify a person only by using dome camera because it only sees the target from above. Thus, face camera is employed to obtain facial information for identifying a person. In addition, we also propose a new mechanism to locate human on targeted location by using grid-cell system. These result in a system which has the capability of maintaining human identity and tracking human activity (movement) effectively.

Many practitioners in educational field, recently, are seeking to improve Computational Thinking through SW education. The purpose of this paper was, for promotion of SW education, to design the STEAM education process utilizing 3D printer. The project-based education process emphasized the cooperation in the process of producing common results and proposed a new STEAM education process. The designed products are expected to be used in the elementary school classes by linking with the camp and teacher training programs and the curriculum.

The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning and structure of nurses' computer using experience. To do this, we conducted a total of three interviews with 11 nurses working between the ages of 26 and 48. Interview data were interpreted using Giori method (1985) and Lincoln & Guba method (1985). As a result, 112 semantic units were derived, and then 18 sub-components were divided into 5 final components. As a result of the analysis, the computer experience that the nurses used in the hospital consisted of ‘used for almost every task’, ‘usefulness’, ‘important’, ‘convenience’, ‘burden’, ‘anxiety’, desire’, simple work level’, ‘no problems’, ‘eye, muscle and movement discomfort’, ‘depends on task’, ‘more complex’, ‘accuracy’, ‘organize contents’, ‘simple’, ‘incomparable’, and ‘easy’. Based on the above conclusions, the nurses' experiences of using the computer in the hospital could be concluded as follows. Currently, almost all nursing jobs in hospitals are using computers. However, most of the tasks related to simple computer tasks related to the ability to use the computer was low, and because of this, the computer did not work properly, or when new programs were introduced to feel the burden and anxiety, want more systematic computer education Found. Especially, according to the career, the difference between computer and hand work was different, Nurses over 20 years said that computers can handle simple tasks that are a bit more complicated than manual tasks, whereas emotional tasks were handicapped, in the 10 to 20 years of experience, computer work was more accurate and appropriate to organize content, Nurses under 10 years were not only easy to work with computers but also have no experience in manual work, they could not compare the computer and the hand work. This study suggests that the use of computers in nurses' work is essential and that more systematic computer-based education should be provided. In addition, due to the nature of the nursing service, the professional opinions of the nurses should be reflected in the development of programs for the emotional nursing work.

This study was conducted to examine changes in the muscle activity of the triceps surae, specifically the gastrocnemius and the soleus, depending on the angle of the knee joint during the manual muscle test (MMT) of the plantar flexion of the ankle. The muscle activity of the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius was statistically significantly reduced when the angle of the knee joint was 15°, 30°, and 45° compared to when the angle was 0°. However, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle activity at the angles of 15° and 30° or 45°. There was no statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the soleus depending on the angle of the knee joint. The ratio of the muscle activity of the soleus to that of the triceps surae showed a statistically significant increase when the angle was 15°, 30° and 45° compared to when the angle was 0°. However, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle activity at the angles of 15° and 30° or 45°. When the angle of the knee joint was 15° or higher during the test of the isolated soleus, the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius was reduced. These results indicate that the angle is suitable for the test of the isolated soleus, but there was no statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius when the angle was higher than 15°. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most suitable angle of the knee joint for the isolated MMT test of the soleus is 15°.

The experiments were carried out during a total of nine sessions, that is, 3 sessions over 3 days. The CK levels decreased depending on the experiment session (p≤0.05), but there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) between the experimental group and the control group. Pressure threshold levels significantly decreased depending on the experiment session and the treatments had higher effects in the experimental group. VAS figures significantly decreased depending on the experiment session (P≤0.005) and the treatments had higher effects in the experimental group. The results of this study verified the contention that applying vibration treatment immediately after inducing DOMS is more effective in terms of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and VAS, but not CK levels, than applying the treatment 24 hours after inducing DOMS. In addition, the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Therefore, it was concluded that applying vibration treatment immediately after inducing DOMS can be used as a DOMS treatment method.

In this paper, a pixel value prediction algorithm using edge components in three directions is proposed. There are various directional edges and similarity between adjacent pixels in natural images. After detecting the edge components in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the diagonal axis direction, the pixel value is predicted by applying the detected edge components and similarity between neighboring pixels. In particular, the predicted pixel value is calculated according to the intensity of the edge component in the diagonal axis direction. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively predict pixel values. The proposed algorithm can be used for applications such as reversible data hiding, reversible watermarking to increase the number of embedded data.

As technological development is progressing recently, various technologies are actively being studied in the course of the 4th industrial revolution. So, even in the educational field, virtual reality and augmented reality technology are used in educational environments, but specialized additional equipment is required and the price is very expensive. Also, since a plurality of equipment are required for a large number of people, it is urgent to study the technology that can be effectively applied to the industrial education field. So in this paper, we propose an industrial training system for HMD-AR, MPEG-DASH and SOAP based HTTP based Live Machinery Operation using Smartphone to solve the problems of existing system.

The technology convergence of television, communication, and computing devices enables the rich social and entertaining experience through Smart TV in personal living space. The powerful smart TV computing platform allows to provide various user interaction interfaces like IR remote control, web based control, body gesture based control, etc. The presently used smart TV interaction user control methods are not efficient and user-friendly to access different type of media content and services and strongly required advanced way to control and access to the smart TV with easy user interface. This paper propose the optical wireless communication (OWC) based remote controller design for Smart TV using smart device Flashlights. In this approach, the user smart device act as a remote controller with touch based interactive smart device application and transfer the user control interface data to smart TV trough Flashlight using visible light communication method. The smart TV built-in camera follows the optical camera communication (OCC) principle to decode data and control smart TV user access functions according. This proposed method is not harmful as radio frequency (RF) radiation does it on human health and very simple to use as well user does need to any gesture moves to control the smart TV.