Earticle

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the coaching leadership working at Taekwondo clubs affects coaching skill preferences and reutilization. To attain the purpose, questionnaire surveys were conducted for 395 members in three Taekwondo clubs located in Gandong and Gangnam Province in Seoul. Results of the survey were as follows: First, among the leaders working at the Taekwondo clubs, charisma and intellectual stimulation which are factors of the transforming coaching skill and management by exception which is a factor of the transactional leadership appeared to significantly affect when preferring a coaches. Second, charisma and intellectual stimulation among factors of the transforming coaching skill and management by exception among those of the transactional leadership showed significant influence upon the reutilization. Third, the preferences of members for leader appeared to exert significant influence upon the reutilization. In conclusion, members of the Taekwondo clubs were affected by the leadership type of their coaches which would bring forth a favorable feeling or vice versa. Since such preference upon coaches is an important factor in subscribing the sports club once again, its importance shall not be underestimated. Thus, to get competitive advantages in fierce competitions, a manager of a commercial sports center should take much interest in leaders and provide appropriate leadership programs and workshops with coaches who have made close relationships with members. On the other hand, as a coach is obliged to provide high quality physical training programs and services to his members, he has to develop and demonstrate his coaching skill competence including charisma, intellectual stimulation, and management by exception to be a coaches preferred by members.

The purpose of this study was to calculate to the priority ranking of determinants based on participation in physical activity of persons with physical disability who account the highest rates among the disabled in Korea. To achieve this study purpose, extracted up determinants of participation in physical activity, tested the construct of concept on determinants of participation in physical activity, and calculated the relative importance of determinants of participation in physical activity of persons with physical disability by the degree. The results was as follows. Fifteen of details area were classified through inductive expert group meeting and content analysis method and then these was reclassified into six general area(personal, advice, policy, companion, facility, and traffic) for extracting up determinants of participation in physical activity. After executing the construct test of the determinants of participation in physical activity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, factor of companion was excepted but the remains of five general factors were all agreed with the standards of goodness fit(Q, GFI, CFI, TLI, RMSEA).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different resistance exercise intensity on circulatory(heart rate, blood pressure) and vascular function(PGI2, ET-1). Twelve male subjects(age 42.7±4.91years, weight 75.8±5.82kg) were randomly assigned to high and low resistance exercise treatment by crossover design. The high resistance exercise treatment performed three sets at 5-7RM with 2min rest between sets and the low resistance exercise treatment performed three sets at 10-13RM with 2min rest. Resistance exercise composed of seated bench press, barbell shoulder press, pull down, back extension, sit up, leg curl, leg press, calf raise. Venous blood samples were taken from an antecubital vein by venipuncture at pre-exercise, recovery period(60minutes later immediately after exercise). Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased by high intensity exercise at recovery period, but low intensity exercise did not induce any significant change. PGI2 was significantly increased by both high and low intensity resistance exercise but there are any significant change with different exercise intensity.

The effects on body composition and lower extremity muscle strength are still controversial especially on females. The purpose of this study was to scientifically and systematically investigate new female training techniques using body weight. After short-term of Whole Body Resistance Exercise, the effects of body composition, isokinetic and changes in lower extremity muscle strength were taken into consideration. The subjects for this study were 6 female undergraduates who had no PT experience. They exercised 5 times a week and each session took about 90 minutes which included the warm- up/exercise/cooling-down period. Whole Body Resistance Exercise consisted of sumo swich, skater leaps, quick lateral taps, squat, lunge, Bridge, chest press, row, shoulders, bicep curls, triceps extension and abdominals. During short-term weeks of Exercise12 components), changes of physical fitness(body weight, %fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, Abdominal fat) and lower extremity muscle strength (Peak torque/Body weight, total work, average-power) before and after the training were evaluated and came to the following conclusion. After short-term weeks of Whole Body Resistance Exercise, body weight, %fat and fat mass showed statistically significant differences(p<.05, p<.01). Left/right extension, flexion at 60°/sec of Peak Torque/Body weight and left/right extension at 180°/sec significantly increased(p<.05, p<.01). Left/right extension, flexion at 60°/sec of Peak Torque/Body weight and left/right extension 180°/sec significantly increased(p<.05, p<.01). Left/right flexion at 60°/sec of Total Work and right flexion at 180°/sec showed a significant increase(p<.05, p<.01). Left/right extension, flexion at 60°/sec of Average power and left/right extension and flexion at 180°/sec significantly increased(p<.05, p<.01). The analyzed data demonstrates that Whole Body Resistance Exercise Program had a positive effect on body composition and lower extremity muscle strength. The information obtained from the current study will be used to construct mid/long-term Whole Body Resistance Exercise Program which would provide scientific and systematic fitness programs for females when diverse perspectives and variables are taken into account.