Earticle

The current eco-friendly cosmetics market is developing rapidly. However, nail product still contain chemically toxic ingredients, thereby doing harm to a person's health. Accordingly, this researcher aims to seek for safe and harmless natural dye stuffs available for dyeing nails, not the chemically-compounded nail enamel products, and to examine whether dyeing of using it is available for nails. First of all, Sappan Wood(Caesalpinia sappan. L), Turmeric(Curcuma longa Linné), Gardenia(Gardenia jasminoides Ellisf.), and Wormwood(Artemisia princeps Nakai), which are excellent vegetable dye stuffs in the dyeing property of animal fibers such as silk fabrics and wool are selected by considering protein ingredient in nail. The vegetable dye stuffs in the dried medicinal-ingredient status was heated in the distilled water, was extracted dye bath, was reheated to be concentrated. This obtained concentrate was used for dyeing. As for a dyeing condition, it saw the dyeing status by passage of time(30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes) by dyeing after non-mordanting and pre-mordanting. As a result of dyeing nail by using vegetable dye stuffs through experiment of this study, a change in color difference was shown in both the nail before dyeing and the nail after dyeing.

This study focused on development of diversified designs including Nail Art Tip, Pedicure Art Tip and Accessory Earing that could be utilized by nailists in a short period of time, breaking away from simple care and color coordinating procedure, in order to maximize artistic efficiency (effective value) of nail art and to ensure development of domestic nail industry and for this objective, by understanding and analyzing painting pattern and its symbolic implication of Wassily Kandinsky, it has been applied for nail art design. When summarizing the result of study into three categories by this researcher, it is as follows. First, diversified nail design has been composed with taking growth background of Kandinsky, historical technique and characteristics of his works as motif. Second, a set of nail tip, fedi tip, earing and even key holder have been manufactured by applying nail art techniques including hand painting, a plain art technique, and spangle, a cubic art technique, through utilization of nail art object such as chain, line parts and glitter with taking composition by intentionally arranging geometric form instead of realistic form that is a characteristic of abstraction, and non-figurative painting of improvisation type that expressed just a simple uncontrolled feeling as motif.

In Korea, cosmetology departments were first organized in 1991. Right now, there are approximately 140 cosmetology-related departments in colleges, including four-year programs. In fact, it is not easy to find a country in which a cosmetology curriculum is available at the college level. For the past two decades, Korea’s cosmetology education environment has developed dramatically, which has in turn made a big contribution to the development of the cosmetology industry. National economic development and hallyu (the Korean Wave: the phenomenon of Korean entertainment and popular culture) have promoted the cosmetology industry and improved the quality of cosmetology education. Government-led education policy and college education have played a big role in this as well. Under these circumstances, analysis of the cosmetology curriculum in colleges is important for the development of the cosmetology industry and the advancement of a cosmetology education. Therefore, this study has attempted to investigate to what extent the role of hairdresser has been reflected in cosmetology-related college curriculums through analysis of the curriculum in beauty colleges established in 2005 and to search for directions for the development of a globally-competitive cosmetology education.

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of anthocyanin pigments of Mulberry, which is natural hair dye and free from skin irritation and environmental pollution, as hair dye to make up for the limitations of natural hair dye such as simple color and unscientific process of hair dyeing. In order to achieve this purpose, anthocyanin concentration was analyzed by measuring absorbency from anthocyanin 520 nm of Mulberry. Using FeSO4, KAl(SO4)2, CuSO4 and H3COOH that are mordants, mordanting effects were measured, compared, and analyzed for hair dyeing to suggest standardized conditions to make various colors. 1000㎖ extracted mulberry juice was dipped in 9000㎖ ethanol, 950㎖ distilled water and 50 ㎖ HCl) and left for 24 hours at room temperature to extract pigments. The extracted solution was used to measure the absorbance within 400～700nm spectrum range. As a result, the maximum absorption wavelength was found at 520nm. To implement diverse colors in hair dyeing, FeSO4, KAl(SO4)2, CuSO4 and CH3COOH were used as mordants. FeSO4 showed mordant effects with the a* value minutely progressing to -(green) and the K/S increasing. Similarly, CuSO4 showed green dyeing effects with much color difference and the a* value substantially progressing to -(green). When using the undiluted mulberry juice directly applicable to beauty treatment, compared with the extracted anthocyanins, the a* value was lower but the K/S was found very high, indicating reddish hair dyeing effects.

As a result of research and observation applying the massage skills to muscle care, I observed the possibility of safer and more efficient care with the deep tissue massage therapy for the asymmetric dysfunction and pain management in the musculoskeletal system and obesity care as well. Also I could observe quicker enhancement for the structural balancing in general including the results of shortening, contraction, stiffness and slackness in the soft tissue, and pain alleviation which have been difficult in caring, especially chronic case of happening in the deep tissue. I observed excellent effects in alleviating general pain in the shoulder muscle and chronic muscle stiffness and slackness using the deep tissue massage, and confirmed very positive response in new deep tissue massage skills. Although the number of customers, of course, has not sufficient to make it proved on the ground of statistics to have effects on caring frozen shoulder from the deep tissue therapy in the areas of skin care centers, I think I have satisfactory results for both customers and therapists as I have good effects on alleviating pain in addition to chronic shortening and stiff shoulder muscle and slackness of shoulder joints from frozen shoulder, as a result of caring customers having a minor number of chronic frozen shoulder with the deep tissue massage skills as a scientific and professional muscle massage approach.

This study attempts to examine opinions about free hair according to the enactment of the students' rights ordinance and hair style preference in high school girls and boys and investigate their behavioral characteristics of beauty products purchase in depth. Then the purpose of this study is to analyze correlation among interest in beauty, an attitude to beauty, and hair style preference and effects of each variable in high school students residing in Gwangju where free hair has become effective, and examine coping methods for a new demand group. Using convenience sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted with students attending high schools in Gwangju where free hair became effective according to the enactment of the students' rights ordinance from March 22 to April 5, 2012. Difference in students' general interest in beauty and attitude to beauty was analyzed according to general characteristics. Interest in beauty was the highest, followed by beauty recognition and the use of beauty. The results of comparing difference in interest in beauty suggested that there was statistically significant difference in sex, monthly allowance, talk-partner for concerns, free hair, and a level of hair style regulations in a girls' school(p<.005). In girls, large amount of allowance, talking with friends, agreement to free hair, and a regulation of binding hair if hair touches the shoulder were related to high interest in beauty. The results of comparing difference in the use of beauty suggested that there was statistically significant difference in sex and monthly allowance(p<.005). In girls, large amount of allowance was related to high use of beauty. The results of comparing difference in beauty recognition suggested that there was statistically significant difference in a level of hair style regulations in a girls' school. The highest recognition was found in a level of cleanness and neatness irrespective of length, followed by no permanent wave and no dyeing (p<.005). The results of difference in hair design preference according to sex showed that there was statistically significant difference in a chance to change hair style between girls and boys (p<.005). While boys responded untidy(43.2%), seasonal change(feelings), advice, and trend, girls responded seasonal change(feelings)(32.3%), untidy, and star performers. There was statistically significant difference in consideration for choosing a beauty parlor(p<.005). While boys considered a close distance(52.8%), girls considered a moderate price, a close distance, and a good service. There was statistically significant difference in hair style determinants (p<.005). The most important determinant was a face shape in both boys and girls, followed by season, others, and trends(boys) or others and trends(girls). There was statistically significant difference in preferred hair length(p<.005). While boys preferred short cut and short hair(67.6%), girls preferred long hair below the shoulder(breast>below breast>shoulder)(84.1%). There was statistically significant difference in preferred cut shape(p<.005). While boys preferred increase layer and uniform layer, girls preferred increase layer and solid layer. There was no statistically significant difference in preferred cut style(p<.005). The most preferred cut style was shaggy cut in both boys and girls, followed by stroke cut(boys) or disconnection cut(girls). There was no statistically significant difference in preferred dyeing style(p<.005). The most preferred dyeing style was light brown in both boys and girls, followed by black(boys) or brown(girls). There was statistically significant difference in preferred permanent style. While boys preferred a volume permanent(29.7%), girls preferred a natural permanent(28.5%) and a digital permanent (25.8%) (p<.005). The most important element of hair design was cut style in both boys and girls, followed by hair color(boys) or permanent and hair color(girls)(p<.005). There was statistically significant difference in a preferred hair style image to change(p<.005). While boys wanted to change into active(20.6%) and natural(20.6%) hair style, girls wanted to change into natural hair style(61.8%). Generally, 54.3% of subjects selected natural style(p<.005).

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of betacyanin pigments of beet, which is natural hair dye and free from skin irritation and environmental pollution, as hair dye to make up for the limitations of natural hair dye such as simple color and unscientific process of hair dyeing. In order to achieve this purpose, betacyanin concentration was analyzed by measuring absorbency from betacyanin 540 nm of beet. Unmordanted hair dyeing was increased in dye intake(K/S) with increased dyeing time(20min∼60min) and hair color was changed from red to purple. Increased dyeing hours were associated with decreased lightness(L*) and yellowness(b*). Increased dyeing hours were associated with increased dye intake(K/S) and redness(a*). It suggested that changes in lightness and a* were one of determinants of dyeing hair color.

Beauty education has grown quantitatively but are not satisfactorily from the aspects of cultivating and providing beauty professionals. therefore, now is the time when all beauty professionals should make an effort to solve these problems. Based on highly pitched education fever of korea and the socioeconomic elements, vocational high school hold the comprehensive and the continuous curricula-centered education in which the latter motivate the students to develop life-time vocational skills this knowledge-based society requires them of self-initiated individual learning. Firstly, using various multimedia in teaching-learning, learners have come to have meaningful changes in academic achievement and interest and curiosities in attitude toward learning so that they have confidence in learning and a positive point of view about beauty. Secondly, to meet the needs of continuing education to be continued after graduation, necessary studies in terms of theories and practices are required to be done to help them perform playing their efficient field roles. Thirdly, students shall be able to replenish their short special lessons by using practics classrooms after school classes and by attending supplementary classes.