Earticle

This study investigates teachers’ ability to formulate questions to understand English passages after they had participated in a self-questioning workshop, and what they learnt from the workshop. Three secondary English teachers were involved in the self- questioning workshop in a specific context in Indonesia. The workshop was completed in three sessions comprised of three phases: the priorworkshop assessment, the workshop, and post-workshop assessment. These activities were video, and audio recorded. A case study research design was employed. Data were gathered from generated questions, interviews, observations, and reflective journals during the workshop. The findings reveal that the type of generated questions improved after the workshop, shifting from questions with explicit answers to better questions that require inferences and implicit answers. The teachers perceived the questioning workshop to be beneficial for learning, reflection, and improvement of their teaching. They were able to recognize the importance of high-quality questions, reflect on their teaching practices, and learn practical knowledge including anticipation of challenges they might encounter to implement the workshop for their students. The findings also underline the importance of a supportive environment, such as creating an informal atmosphere and encouraging discussion, as necessary to allow the teachers to fully engage in the workshop.

Penelitian ini menyelidiki kemampuan guru dalam merumuskan pertanyaan untuk memahami bacaan bahasa Inggris setelah mereka berpartisipasi dalam lokakarya pertanyaan mandiri, dan apa yang mereka pelajari dari lokakarya tersebut. Tiga guru bahasa Inggris sekolah menengah dilibatkan dalam lokakarya pertanyaan mandiri dalam konteks di Indonesia. Lokakarya ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga sesi yang terdiri dari tiga tahap: penilaian sebelum lokakarya, lokakarya, dan penilaian setelah lokakarya. Kegiatankegiatan ini direkam dalam bentuk video dan audio. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan, wawancara, observasi, dan jurnal reflektif selama lokakarya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa jenis pertanyaan yang dihasilkan meningkat setelah lokakarya, bergeser dari pertanyaan dengan jawaban eksplisit menjadi pertanyaan yang lebih baik yang membutuhkan kesimpulan dan jawaban implisit. Para guru merasa bahwa lokakarya pengajuan pertanyaan bermanfaat untuk pembelajaran, refleksi, dan peningkatan pengajaran mereka. Mereka mampu mengenali pentingnya pertanyaan berkualitas tinggi, merefleksikan praktik mengajar mereka, dan mempelajari pengetahuan praktis, termasuk mengantisipasi tantangan yang mungkin mereka hadapi dalam mengimplementasikan lokakarya ini kepada para siswa mereka. Temuan ini juga menggarisbawahi pentingnya lingkungan yang mendukung, seperti menciptakan suasana informal dan mendorong diskusi, yang diperlukan agar para guru dapat sepenuhnya terlibat dalam lokakarya.

Despite growing interest in teacher professional development (PD) research, few studies have investigated the factors influencing the participation of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in PD programs in disadvantaged contexts in Indonesia. This study applied a case study design to explore the factors affecting EFL teachers’ participation in PD programs in these contexts. The participants were 54 EFL teachers from 18 senior and 21 junior high schools in the disadvantaged regions in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. An open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were employed to elicit teachers’ experiences and perceptions regarding the factors affecting their participation in PD programs. The thematic analysis was applied to identify, analyze, and report the emerging themes from the data. The results revealed that three key environmental factors: school support, relevant PD programs, and infrastructure and learning resources. Moreover, two personal factors were identified: teachers’ personal motivation and their professional status. These factors were found significantly influence EFL teachers’ participation in PD programs in Indonesian disadvantaged contexts. Furthermore, the results of this study proposed pedagogical implications for the design of PD programs and for future research about PD in disadvantaged contexts.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a "Palliative Care Professional" education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses. Methods: It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=44). Results: The recognition of a good death (F=11.44, p=.001), palliative care (F=4.15, p=.045), and the meaning of life (F=5.12, p=.026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.

This research explicates the impacts of the English as Foreign Language (EFL) Teacher Professional Development (TPD) program for fostering EFL teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) competence. The TPD program included the scaffolding framework, co-designing lessons, reviewing lessons with peers and researchers, and implementing TPACK in a real classroom. This case study examines data from EFL teachers' diaries and interviews to explore the impacts of TPACK-based TPD on EFL teachers' confidence and beliefs about technology integration. Two main findings indicate: (1) TPACK-based TPD program provided positive impacts on EFL teachers' confidence and beliefs; (2) most EFL teachers developed their confidence and beliefs about TPACK during the lesson enactment in the real classrooms mainly influenced by their personal, vicarious, social, and cultural experiences. This study provides implications for TPD programs, school stakeholders, and EFL teachers' community in developing EFL teachers' confidence and beliefs in teaching supported by the TPACK framework. Studi ini memaparkan dampak dari program pengembangan profesionalitas guru (TPD) bagi guru Bahasa Inggris untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pengetahuan teknologi, pedagogi, dan konten (TPACK) guru bahasa Inggris. Program ini meliputi kerangka kerja, peninjauan pelajaran bersama rekan dan peneliti, dan menerapkan kerangka TPACK di dalam kelas masing-masing guru. Studi kasus ini meneliti data dari harian/diari guru bahasa Inggris dan sesi wawancara untuk mengeksplorasi dampak program tersebut pada kepercayaan dan keyakinan guru dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi. Studi ini menemukan dua temuan utama, yaitu: (1) program TPD yang berbasis pada kerangka TPACK memberikan dampak positif terhadap kepercayaan dan keyakinan guru bahasa Inggris; (2) Kepercayaan dan keyakinan guru bahasa Inggris tentang TPACK meningkat selama penerapan kerangka tersebut di dalam kelas yang mana hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman pribadi, pengalaman berkolaborasi dengan rekan, dan pengalaman terkait sosial-budaya mereka. Studi ini menyarankan agar program-program TPD, pemangku sekolah, dan komunitas guru bahasa Inggris dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan guru bahasa Inggris dalam mengajar berbasis kerangka TPACK.

This paper explores an action research study conducted on a professional development (PD) program initiated by the Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation (GSIT) of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Expertise in interpreting and translation necessitates consistent, deliberate practice and efforts to acquire domain-specific knowledge. However, opportunities for professional development are limited for individuals who work as interpreters and translators post their intensive two-year training at the GSIT. A survey on demand for professional development indicated a high demand for such opportunities among GSIT graduates. In response, a retraining program was designed to provide intensive four-hour classes in four specialized subject areas – law, medicine, IT, and finance – on Saturdays in July, 2023. Expert instructors with over 20 years of experience in their respective fields imparted subject-matter knowledge and practical advice. A post-program survey and in-depth interviews with participating graduates revealed their high satisfaction with the program. Regarding future PD initiatives, the participants expressed a need for enhanced training in interpreting and translation skills as well as more in-depth lectures on subject-matter knowledge. Based on these findings, the paper discusses potential avenues for the future professional development of interpreters and translators.

본 연구는 AI교육이 학교 교육의 필수 요소로 부상함에 따라, 교사의 AI융합교육 역량을 체계적으로 함양할 수 있는 연수 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 선행연구 분석과 전문가 및 교사 면담을 바탕으로 초기 설계를 도출하고, 다양한 전문 가의 검토를 거쳐 ‘AI이해–AI활용–AI융합’의 단계적 구조를 갖춘 최종 연수 프로그램을 완 성하였다. 본 프로그램은 교사가 AI를 이해하고, 교육에 활용하며, 교과와 융합해 창의적 문 제 해결을 이끌 수 있도록 설계되었다. 초등교사 29명을 대상으로 6차시 연수를 실행하고 사 전·사후 설문을 통해 역량 변화를 분석한 결과, ‘AI 알고리즘 이해’(+1.34점), ‘데이터 수집 이 해’(+0.79점), ‘AI교육 도구 활용’(+0.75점), ‘AI윤리 논쟁 검토’(+0.58점), ‘AI 교과 융합 방 법’(+0.9점), ‘평가계획 수립’(+0.87점) 등 전 영역에서 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 본 연구는 디지털 대전환과 AI 디지털교과서 도입을 앞둔 현시점에서, 교사의 AI융합교육 실행 역량 강 화를 위한 실천적·학문적 기초자료를 제공하며, 향후 효과적 실행과 지속 가능성을 위한 기반 이 될 것이다.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a professional development program designed to systematically enhance teachers' competencies in AI-convergence education. The program was developed through a review of prior studies, interviews with experts and teachers, and iterative validation by educational technologists and AI-convergence education specialists. It features a structured, modular design comprising three stages: 'Understanding AI,' 'Applying AI,' and 'Converging AI,' enabling teachers to effectively understand, apply, and integrate AI into subject teaching to foster creative problem-solving. Six training sessions were conducted with 29 elementary school teachers, and pre- and post-surveys revealed significant improvements, including advancements in understanding AI algorithms (+1.34) and data collection (+0.96), applying AI tools (+0.75), engaging in ethical debates (+0.58), explaining AI education (+0.96), integrating AI into subject teaching (+0.9), promoting critical thinking (+0.72), and planning assessments (+0.87). This study highlights the academic and practical significance of teacher training in AI-convergence education amidst the digital transformation and the anticipated adoption of AI digital textbooks. By presenting a structured development process and practical insights, it provides a foundation for enhancing teachers' competencies and supporting the effective and sustainable implementation of AI-convergence education.

본 연구는 미국 초, 중, 고등학교 영재교육담당 교사를 대상으로 3년 동안 개설된 온라인 교사 연수 프로그램에서 교사들이 온라인 강좌를 끝까지 수료하지 않고, 중도탈락하게 하게 된 요인을 탐색하였다. 중도탈락한 교사들을 대상으로 온라인 설문과 전화 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 중도탈락을 예견할 수 있는 암시적 행동을 알아보기 위해 수료집단과 중도탈락한 집단간의 영재교육에 관한 사전 검사 점수를 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 예측과 달리 기술적 어려움은 중도탈락에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 가장 큰 요인으로는 온라인 강좌 수강동안 예기치 않게 발생한 가정과 학교에서 증가된 책무로 인한 스트레스와 학습 시간 부족으로 확인되었다. 또 다른 요인으로는 교수자에 대한 불만족, 특히 교수자가 수강하는 교사들의 어려움과 필요에 적절히 대응하지 못하거나, 온라인 강좌의 교수자와 교사들이 충돌되는 문제를 적절히 조절하는 체제가 부족했던 것으로 나타났다. 중도탈락을 예견할 수 있는 암시적 행동에 관한 분석결과, 영재교육에 관한 오개념을 더 많이 지닌 교사들의 경우 중도 탈락하는 경향이 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 온라인 교사교육 환경에서 교사들의 중도탈락률을 낮추기 위한 전략들을 제안하였다.

An online professional development program offered a series of online training courses to K-12 teachers for gifted education in the US for three years. This study explores the factors influencing teachers' decision on drop out of the online courses. Non completing teachers participated in an online survey and phone interviews. In addition, Myths and Reality pre-test scores were compared between the group of teachers who successfully completed the courses and the group of teachers who did not complete them. As a result, unexpectedly, difficulties with technology was not found to be a deterrent to the completion of the online courses. The most significant influence on dropping a course was the stress of daily life and the lack of time to study due to increased responsibilities and commitment at the school and home. Another factor was dissatisfaction with the instructors. Particularly, the dropout teachers suggested the need to have a conflict resolution policy in place. Based on the analysis of the Myths and Reality pre-test, teachers who had more misconceptions of giftedness were more likely to drop out than those who possessed less misconceptions. Based on the findings of the study, effective strategies for reducing teachers' dropout rates in online professional development courses were suggested.

노년층의 삶의 질 개선과 높은 수준의 간병·요양서비스 및 니즈를 충족시킬 대안으로 향기치유기반 융·복합 사회 서비스 전문인력 양성 교육프로그램 개발을 적용하여 개선안을 마련하는 기초 사례가 되고자 한다. 광주광역시 거주자 중 교육생 30명을 대상으로 2021년 6월 14일부터 16일간 교육 전 선호도 조사 및 만족도 조사를 2021년 9월 23일부 터 7일간 설문지조사를 진행한 결과 교육 선호도 에서는 향기요법 교육이 42.11%로 가장 높게 조사되었고, 교육프로그 램의 적용 후 향기요법과 정의 필요성은 50%, 만족도는 48%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 이에 본 연구는 고령 친화 산업 활성화 기초 자료로 활용되고 시니어 간병·요양서비스의 집적화 및 고부가가치 융·복합 사회서비스 관련 우수인력 확보에 기여하고자 한다.

As an alternative to improving the quality of life of the elderly and meeting the needs of high-level care, nursing services and needs, we aim to be the basis for formulating improvement proposals by applying the development of a fragrant healing-based fusion and complex social service professional training program. After conducting a questionnaire survey of 30 trainees in Guangzhou for 16 days from June 14, 2021 to September 23, 2021, and conducted a 7-day questionnaire survey, the education preference survey showed that in the educational preference, aromatherapy education was the highest surveyed at 42.11%, and the need for aromatherapy courses after the application of educational programs was the highest at 50%, and satisfaction was the highest at 48%. Accordingly, this study is used as a basis for the revitalization of the age-friendly industry and aims to contribute to the consolidation of senior care and nursing services and the securing of excellent personnel related to high-value-added fusion and complex social services.

정보보호에 대한 중요성이 점차 증대됨에 따라 관련 업무를 수행할 수 있는 전문인력에 대한 수요 역시 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 양질의 전문인력을 양성하는데 있어 현실적인 문제점이 존재하며 이에 대한 장·단기적 해결방안이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 정보보호 전문인력 양성을 위한 정보보호 필수요구지식을 직무에 따라 제시하고, 융합전공 기반의 교육인증 프로그램 및 향후연구를 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 미국의 정보보호 교육인증 프로그램을 분석하는 한편, 국내 현실을 반영한 정보보호 교육인증 프로그램의 성공요인을 제시하였다.

As the importance of information security grows, the demand of professionals in information security field is continuing to increase. In developing as information security professionals, however, there are practical problems to be solved in advance. This study defines the body of essential knowledge(EBK) for information security professional development; on the other hand, this study suggests a education program as a multidisciplinary major based on the EBK.

최근 급격하게 증가하는 성폭력 피해자 지원을 위한 전문인력 양성 교육 콘텐츠 개발의 필요성이 시급한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 (1) 성폭력 피해자 지원 종사 인력에 대한 교육프로그램의 현황을 조사하고, (2)종사자 19명을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하여 교육 내용의 요구에 대해 심층적으로 조사하고, (3) 이를 바탕으로 설문을 개발하여 전국의 종사자 800명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, (4) 성폭력 분야 전문가 20명을 대상으로 양성교육 주제와 방법에 대해 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 종사자 설문조사결과 내담자의 특수성에 대한 이해와 다학제적 접근의 훈련 및 기본교육의 강화가 가장 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 전문가 델파이 조사에서는 상담기술과 피해자 심리이해 및 정서적 지원에 대한 교육이 필요성이 제기되었다. 이를 바탕으로 다양한 집단의 피해자 유형과 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 지원서비스를 제공할 수 있는 전문 인력의 양성을 위한 교육 프로그램 콘텐츠를 제언하였다.

Considering the recent increase in the number of sexual violence survivors, there is an urgent need to develop content for the training of professional workers to support victims. The purposes of this research are: (1) to investigate the status of existing training programs designed to produce workers to support sexual violence victims; (2) to conduct focus group interviews with 19 workers regarding their training needs; (3) to conduct a national-wide survey with 800 workers; and (4) to carry out a delphi study with 20 sexual violence professionals in regard to the topics and methods of training. According to the survey of practice workers, the areas of greatest need include the understanding of client characteristics, multidisciplinary approaches in training, and strengthening of basic training. The delphi study of professionals revealed the need for counseling skills, understanding the psychology of sexual violence victims, and skills to provide emotional support for victims. Based on these findings, this research suggests training content designed to provide support services customized to the types and characteristics of individual survivors.

본 연구는 전문경력인사 초빙활용지원사업의 성과 관리 및 평가 체계 강화를 위해 전문경력인사의 과업 수행에 대한 체계적·포괄적 평가가 가능한 평가 요소를 개발하였다. 이를 위해 경계이론과 커크패트릭 4수준 평가 모델에 기반 을 두고 사업 평가와 관련한 기존 연구를 분석하여 성과 평가 프레임워크를 개발하였다. 이후 2차에 걸친 델파이 조사 방법을 활용하여 전문경력인사의 개인 측면과 활용 기관 측면에서 성과를 측정할 수 있는 평가 요소를 도출하고, 구체적 인 측정 문항을 개발하여 타당화 작업을 진행하였다. 이러한 절차를 거쳐 최종적으로 적용성, 연계성, 명확성, 적합성, 확장성 등 5가지 평가 요소를 선정하였으며, 각 요소별 구체적인 평가 목적을 수립하여 실제 전문경력인사 초빙활용지 원사업의 성과 관리를 위해 적용 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구는 1994년부터 한국연구재단에서 운영하고 있는 전문경력 인사 초빙활용지원사업의 성과 관리를 위해 정량적 정성평가가 가능한 성과 평가 체계와 요소를 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

This study developed the factors capable of systematic/comprehensive evaluation of the task performance in order to strengthen the performance management of the professional career personnel invitation program (PCPIP). To this end, a performance evaluation framework was developed by analyzing existing project evaluation studies based on boundary theory and Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation model. Afterwords, through two Delphi surveys, evaluation factors that can measure performance in terms of individual and invitation institutions of PCP were derived and validated. With this procedure, five evaluation factors were finally selected: adaptability, connectivity, clarity, compatibility, and expandability. This study has implications suggesting a performance evaluation factors capable of hybrid quantitative/qualitative evaluation for the performance management of PCPIP operated by National Research Foundation of Korea Research since 1994.

본 연구는 심리전문가 수련생을 대상으로 전문가로서의 성장을 목적으로 심리도식치료 및 수용전념치료에 기반한 집단상담 프로그램 개발을 위한 예비연구를 실시하고 그 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 프로그램 개발에 관한 모형을 통해 관련 변인과 총 18회기의 내용을 개발하고 내용타당도를 검증하였으며, D지역 심리전문가 수련생 7명을 대상으로 해당 프로그램을 실시한 후 대응표본 t검증과 효과크기(Cohen’s d)를 산출하여 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 자기성찰(t=-2.04, df=6, p=.04), 정서인식의 명확성(t=-3.16, df=6, p=.01), 정서적 안정성(t=2.81, df=6, p=.01)이 통계적으로 유의미한 변화를 나타내었으며, 자기수용은 유의미한 수준의 변화를 나타내지는 않았지만(t=-.1.34, df=6, p=.11), 효과크기는 중간수준임으로 나타나(d=-0.50) 더 많은 대상자들을 상대로 실시할 경우, 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 산출할 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 심리도식치료와 수용전념치료를 적용한 집단상담 프로그램을 통하여 심리전문가 수련생들에게 교육분석에 필요한 내용을 체계적으로 제공하고 그 효과성을 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 예비연구에서 효과성이 검증되었으므로 향후 프로그램의 완성도를 높인 후, 비교집단을 활용한 무선 통제집단연구나 종단연구 등을 통하여서도 반복적인 효과성 검증을 할 것을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the effectiveness of group counseling program, based on the Schema Therapy(ST) and the Acceptance-Commitment Therapy(ACT), for the growth of psychological professional trainees. For this purpose, psychological professional trainees(n=7) were surveyed, and research participants were selected. Based on program development model, this study conducted content validity verification, conducted a paired samples t-test, and calculated effect size (Cohen's d) to verify the effectiveness of the 18 session program. As a result, introspection (t=-2.04, df=6, p=.04), clarity of emotional recognition (t=-3.16, df=6, p=.01), and emotional stability (t=2.81, df=6, p=.01) showed statistically significant changes. Although acceptance (t=-1.34, df=60, p=.11) did not show a significant change, its effect size being middle level(d=-0.50) indicates that if the test is conducted in a larger sample, a statistically significant outcome could result. This study is meaningful in that it verified the effectiveness of a systematic expert training program that applies the ST and the ACT. Since the program’s effectiveness has been verified in this preliminary study, it is suggested that a controlled or longitudinal study should be conducted to re-verify the effectiveness of this program.

본 연구는 학교 교사의 행동중재 전문성을 향상시키는 학교 중심 행동기술훈련(Behavioral Skills Training, 이하 BST) 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 수행된 델파이 연구다. 전문가 패널은 교원 연수 및 학생 생활지도 분야에 전문성을 갖춘 열 명으로, BST 연구자 세 명, 학교 교사 네 명, 행동분석가 세 명이 포함된다. 델파이 조사는 총 3라운드에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 제1차 설문에서는 학교 중심 BST에 포함되어야 할 요소 고려해야 할 내용에 대해 개방형 의견을 요청했으며, 응답 결과를 분석하여 초기 문항을 도출하였다. 제2차 설문과 제3차 설문에서는 각 문항의 내용 타당도를 평정하고 그에 관한 이유나 의견을 작성하도록 요청하였다. 문항의 채택 여부는 내용 타당도 비율(CVR) .62를 기준으로 하되, 양적·질적 의견을 균형 있게 수렴하기 위해 서술형 의견을 반영하여 문항을 보완하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 구성된 학교 중심 BST의 프로토타입은 (a) 학교 교사의 행동중재 전문성 향상을 목적으로, (b) 특수학교와 일반학교의 훈련 목표를 구분하여 설정하고, (c) 사전 면담 시 준비할 내용과 훈련 진행 시에 실행할 내용을 제시했다. 또한, (d) 나선형 훈련 방식의 ‘교수–모델링–시연–피드백’ 구조를 기반으로, (e) 약 6주 간 매회기 30분 내외로 진행되는 일대일 대면 회의를 운영하되, (f) 훈련 성과는 교사의 수행 정확도(%)와 학생의 수업참여행동 발생률(%)을 점검함과 동시에, BST에 참여한 교사의 경험과 의미를 살펴보는 과정을 통해 총체적으로 평가되어야 함을 제안했다. 국내 학교 현장의 맥락을 고려한 실천적인 행동중재 전문성 향상 과정이 확산되길 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to develop a school-based Behavioral Skills Training (BST) program to enhance teachers’ professional competence in behavioral intervention using the Delphi method. The expert panel consisted of 10 experts in teacher professional development and student behavior support, including three BST researchers, four school teachers, and three behavior analysts. The Delphi process was conducted over three rounds. In the first round, panelists provided open-ended responses regarding the components and considerations relevant to a school-based BST program, and the responses were analyzed to generate the initial items. In the second and third rounds, panelists rated the content validity of each item and provided written comments. Items were retained using a content validity ratio (CVR) cutoff of .62, and qualitative feedback was incorporated to refine the items. Based on these findings, the prototype school-based BST program was designed to (a) enhance teachers’ professional competence in behavioral intervention, (b) establish differentiated training goals for special and general school settings, (c) identify what should be addressed in pre-training interviews and implemented during training, (d) adopt a spiral training structure based on instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, (e) provide individual face-to-face sessions of approximately 30 minutes over a six-week period, and (f) evaluate training outcomes comprehensively by examining teachers’ implementation accuracy, students’ rates of classroom engagement, and participating teachers’ experiences and interpretations. This study may contribute to the dissemination of a practical and contextually responsive approach to enhancing behavioral intervention competence in Korean school settings.

수학수업에서 공학도구의 활용 범위가 점차 확대되고 있으나 공학도구를 활용한 수학수업에 대한 교사들의 노티싱 및 인식에 대한 연구는 드물다. 이에 본 연구는 현직 초등교사들을 대상으로 수학수업에서 공학도구를 유의미하게 활용하는 방안에 대한 교사교육 프로그램을 실시한 후 이를 통해 교사의 노티싱이 어떻게 변화하는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 프로그램의 실시 전과 후에 공학도구를 활용한 동일한 수학수 업 1편을 시청하고 그에 대한 분석지를 작성하게 한 후 그 결과를 교사 노티싱의 관점으로 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 교사교육 프로그램을 통해 수학수업에서 공학도구를 활용하는 목적 및 의도에 더욱 초점을 두고 수업 현상을 주목였으나, 자신이 관찰한 수업에서 공학도구를 활용하는 방법이나 그 외 교수⋅학습 전략에 대해 새로운 대안을 제시하는 경향성은 다소 감소하였다. 그리고 이러한 변화를 이끈 교사교육 프로그램의 원인으 로는 공학도구 역할에 대한 논의와 학생의 활동과 의사소통으로의 관점 전환임을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 공학도구를 활용한 수학수 업에 대한 교사교육과 관련하여 시사점을 논의하였다.

Although the use of educational technologies in mathematics teaching is gradually increasing, research on teachers' perceptions of mathematics teaching using these technologies is limited. This study developed a professional development program to train in-service primary school teachers to effectively integrate educational technologies into their mathematics teaching. It analysed how teachers' professional noticing changed as a result of participating in this program. As part of the program, participants wrote an analysis paper after observing mathematics lessons before and after the program, and they compared their papers at the end of the program. The study found that the professional development program enabled teachers to focus more on the purpose and intention of using educational technology in mathematics teaching. However, there was a slight decrease in the tendency of teachers to propose new alternatives for the use of educational technologies or other teaching strategies. The main elements of teachers' change are teacher's considering the purpose of technology in mathematics teaching and focusing on students' mathematical thinking. Based on the findings of this study, implications for teachers' education in integrating educational technologies in mathematics teaching were discussed.

The purpose of this study was to explore native English teachers’ attitudes toward a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program implemented in a Korean university and its effectiveness evaluated by their students. For data collection, the teachers (n = 46) were asked to fill out a survey questionnaire with 32 items questioning their attitudes toward the CDP, general English class, and assessment, whereas their students (n = 2,090) completed a survey questionnaire with six items designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the CDP. According to the data analysis by SPSS 21, the results, based on the mean differences, demonstrated that most of the teachers had above average attitudes toward the CPD program and general English courses of the university. Also, there were no significant differences for each category of the CPD program and general English courses in terms of their demographic information. In addition, the results of students’ evaluations of their teachers were positive. For future research, the researchers will quantitatively and qualitatively investigate native English speaking professors' attitudes and suggestions toward a more efficient CPD program and general English courses.

This study presents how a professional development program (PD) of K-12 teachers affects participants' use of the earth system approach and their perceptions of using the urban environment for their science teaching and lesson unit development. This study utilized mixed methods to collect and analyze the data. Eleven urban teachers' pre-post lessons (45 lessons) were analyzed quantitatively using a lesson plan analysis tool, modified by the author, and their lesson reflections were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study show that the PD program influences the teachers to choose more topics and content knowledge based on the earth system approach and to assess the topics and content knowledge with more appropriate methods. Specifically, the teachers use more urban environmental factors/topics in their post lesson to teach the environmental topics of urban area. However, according to the statistical analysis of pre-and postlesson plan scores, the accuracy of the earth system knowledge that participants used in their lessons did not change significantly (p<0.05) (Table 4), which means that the PD program did not affect the improvement of the teacher's content knowledge in earth system science. Implications of this study are discussed.

A great recognition of the importance of teacher professional development is emphasized all over the countries. However, there are little studies of different strategies for professional learning and how it affects teachers' practice and student achievement. The purpose of this study is to understand how teachers experience their professional development opportunities and perceive different elements of the program with their learning. Based on the approach of adult learning theory, a qualitative case study was employed for Korean teachers by taking in-depth interview, survey and observation. Teachers in the study selected demonstration lesson, workshop and courses, collaborative teacher research, teacher network(or subject matter association), online distance learning as the best practices for their professional learning, which greatly motivated them to change their classroom practice. Specifically, the results show that teacher learning is facilitated when professional development programs 1) emerge from teachers' expressed need to know, 2) use learning strategies appropriate to the intended goals 3) support learning with modeling, coaching, and problem solving around practice, 4) build on shared knowledge of teachers and provide collaborative interaction, and 5) involve inquiry, dialogue, and reflection. There are several inferences concerning how to facilitate the professional of teachers that can be made from this study. First, teachers commit to learning that brings improved teaching practice and student achievement when the goals and objectives are considered realistic and important to them. Second, teachers commit to learning when the professional development learning and their day-to-day activities are related and relevant. Third, teachers commit to learning when professional development is structured to provide support from their peers and reduce the fear of judgement during learning. Therefore, the result of the study suggests every effort to increase the capacity of all districts or schools to use those management and implementation strategies, which might help to make professional development more effective for teachers, and, ultimately, for their students.

This study explores the impact of a STEM integration teacher professional development program focusing on teachers' perception of engineering and their attitudes toward integrating engineering into teaching. A total of sixty-eight teachers from ten schools participated in the program for five days. Data are collected from three main sources including (1) pre and post concept maps probing teachers' perceptions about the engineering discipline, (2) a pre and post survey measuring teachers' self-efficacy of teaching science/mathematics within the engineering context, and (3) engineering integrated science and (or) mathematics lesson plans and teaching reflections. This study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods depending on the data we have collected. The results show that both science and math teachers thought that integrating engineering into teaching provided valuable outcomes, i.e., promoting students' learning about engineering and improving their interest in science or math through real-world problem solving exercises. Participants also felt more comfortable about integrating engineering in their teaching after the program. The results also imply that the teachers' understandings of engineering become more concrete after the program. This study also provides an overview of the challenges and advantages of teaching engineering in K-12 science and mathematics classrooms.

This preliminary study examined how a professional development (PD) program supported Korean EFL teachers in integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into collaborative reading and writing instruction. Fifteen in-service secondary school teachers participated in an 11-session PD program that introduced GenAI-supported instructional models and guided teachers to adapt them through micro-teaching, reflection, and classroom application. Data were collected through pre- and post-intervention surveys and three rounds of reflective journals. Quantitative findings revealed no significant improvement in perceived ease of using GenAI for collaborative reading. However, teachers reported significantly greater ease of use in collaborative writing, presentation, and form-focused instruction (FFI). Qualitative results identified recurring challenges?such as role imbalance, copy-and-paste reliance, and lack of scaffolding?which prompted teachers to revise the pre-existing instructional models into more structured ones (e.g., Expert Jigsaw Reading, role-based writing cycles). The findings demonstrate how PD programs can develop teacher agency by translating abstract GenAI principles into classroom-ready, pedagogically sustainable practices.

Acknowledging and addressing the needs of Korean heritage school teachers is the focus of the present paper. Korean language and culture hold a position of prominence and respect in US culture. The steady change in demographics will continue to expand communities in which heritage schools will grow more rapidly not only because of demand but also because multi-generational Korean families will advocate for the creation of more language programs ranging from elementary to university levels. This reality begs the question, “How will teachers be trained to adequately transition into the culture of US schooling?” This study attempts to examine the perceptions of Korean heritage teachers in US schools during a three week-long professional development opportunity. A variety of topics are presented to the teachers from unit lesson planning to the creation of reliable assessments. Both pre/post surveys and interviews were conducted to examine teachers’ perceptions and attitudes. The researchers found that there were significant gains in teachers’ perceptions before and after participating in the professional development workshops, and that teachers still struggled to adapt various US educational “norms” into their own teaching.