Earticle

본 연구에서는 여러 제품군을 보유한 기업이 지속성장하기 위해서는 현재 주력제품(현금젖소)에 축적된 지식을 미래성장 가능한 제품군(의문부호)으로 이전시켜 차세대 주력제품군(별)으로 전환시키는 과정이 중요한데 이러한 지식이전이 성공하기 위해서는 어떤 조건이 필요한지에 대해 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 두 제품군 간의 지식이전 과정과 성과가 지원 전략, 지식의 특성, 섹터의 정합성에 따라 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지를 IBM과 DELL 사례를 통해서 살펴보았다. 그 결과 두 제품군간의 성공적인 지식이전이 되기 위해서는 첫째, 전사적으로 일관성 있는 지식이전 지원 전략이 필요하고 둘째, 이전된 지식은 전유성이 높아 모방이 어렵고 경제적 가치가 높아야 하며 셋째, 지식이전이 발생되는 제품군(섹터) 간에 정합성이 높아야 한다는 사실을 알게 되었다.

It is very important for firms having various product groups to convert their “question mark” products into “star” products through transferring knowledge built in their “cash cow” products to “ question mark” products for sustaining their growth. So. we investigated what conditions are required for successful knowledge transfer within firms’ product portfolios. For this investigation, we studied on the process of knowledge transfer in IBM and DELL in terms of three aspects: knowledge characteristics, organization efforts(supportive strategy for knowledge transfer), fitness among product groups(sectors). The result presents three conditions: 1) knowledge transferred should be difficult to copy and high value, 2) the strategy supporting knowledge transfer should be implemented at the enterprise level and suitable for knowledge characteristics transferred and 3) the fitness between transferring-product and transferred-product groups should be high, for successful knowledge transfer within product portfolio.

이 연구의 목적은 FTA컨설팅의 맥락에서 어떤 설명개념들이 컨설팅지식의 학습촉진 컨설팅전이에 중요한 영향을 미치는지 확인하려는 것이다. 160개 수출기업의 원산지관리자들로부터 자료를 수집하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 클라이언트의 학습에 대해서는 지식의 모호성(-) 및 복잡성(+), 컨설팅수행능력(+), 컨설팅 설계/전달(+), 자기효능감(+), 정부지원(+)이 유의하며, 컨설팅전이에 대해서는 컨설턴트의 전문지식(+), 컨설팅참여도(+), 전이풍토(+)가 각각 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 컨설팅 수행능력과 지식의 모호성은 학습에 대하여, 그리고 컨설턴트의 전문지식은 컨설팅전이에 대하여 각각 상대적 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 컨설팅성공은 클라이언트측 투입요인보다는 컨설턴트의 전문지식과 컨설팅수행능력에 크게 달려 있음을 시사한다. 컨설팅 성공을 위해서는 컨설턴트들은 컨설턴트-클라이언트 간의 공유 인터페이스로서 컨설팅방법론 및 툴의 개발과 효과적인 활용이 중요하다.

This study empirically examined which factors facilitate or disturb the learning and practical knowledge transfer in consulting and which factors have most powerful influence on the learning and transfer of consulting knowledge. Analysing 160 data collected from FTA origin managers in export companies, the study findings show the ambiguity(-), complexity(+), consulting competences(+), intervention design and delivery(+), self-efficacy(+) and government subsidies(+) significantly affected on Client's learning, while consultant's expertise(+), consulting involvement(+), transfer culture(+) significantly affected on consulting knowledge transfer, respectively. It showed that consulting competence and causal ambiguity have an greater influence on learning while consultant's expertise has a greater influence on consulting knowledge transfer, respectively. The findings implicate that consulting success depends on rather consultant's factors(consultant's expertise and consulting competence) than client's input factors. To succeed in consulting project, it is important that the consultants effectively develop and apply consulting methods & tools as shared interfaces between consultant and client.

The purpose of this study is to review the relationship between managerial system and incremental innovation, and the mediating effect of knowledge transfer in small business. In order to verify and achieve the purposes mentioned above, questionnaire data were gathered and analysed from 255 enterprise managers in western Kangwon-do province. Empirical survey's findings are as follows; First, CEO's support and education/training appeared to be positively related with knowledge transfer. Second, managerial system and knowledge transfer appeared to be positively related with incremental innovation. Third, knowledge transfer had mediating effect on the relationships of CEO's support-incremental innovation and education/training-incremental innovation.

To tease out dynamics in IT M&A, it is important to study what kinds of acquirer’s characteristics affect post-M&A performance in financial and innovation aspect. Specifically, knowledge transfer is one of the task-level acquisition performance measures. It influences overall acquisition performance both directly and through its effect on other aspects of performance. This study is focusing on the acquirer’s characteristic that promotes knowledge transfer. It is hypothesized that acquirer firm’s prior R&D intensity is positively correlated with their post-M&A firm performance. This can be explained by absorptive capacity concept. Also, R&D intensity is expected to have a different significance for M&A performance depending on whether the acquiring company is an IT company. This is because, the acquiring firm’s learning differs between deals because of dyadic characteristics between the acquiring and acquired firm. Data on IT M&A deals in which a target firm’s primary standard industry code(SIC) is matched to 737, 357 and occurred in South Korea between 2000/1/1 ~ 2016/12/31 were collected from SDC Platinum Mergers and Acquisitions Database. Based on econometric modeling, OLS simple linear regression analyses were followed.

This article deals with the problem of the intergenerational transmission of the knowledge of expert employees towards young workers. It is based on an empirical study carried out among five companies that implement a policy linked to the "generation contracts" of the law of 1 March 2013. It can be seen that the circulation of knowledge between generations and its modalities weakens the paths Professionals. Looking at the diversity of practices in companies (social networks, collaborative workshops, professional tutorials, expert relays), transmission is seen as a reconstruction of the training of young people in various learning cultures. How can experts pass on their knowledge to young people? What mechanisms can they mobilize? The analysis of learning situations has made it possible to identify the effects of transmission on the recipients, but also on those who transmit. Basically, it is a question which refers to informal knowledge in the professional activity, itself producing experience.

The importance of knowledge is increasing in our global and knowledge-based society. As a part of knowledge management, successful knowledge transfer can improve an organization’s competitive advantages and increase an organization’s valuable knowledge assets. However, knowledge transfer is complex and a lot of factors exist that affect successful knowledge transfer such as context, social networks, and IT/IS. This paper focusses on the role of the knowledge broker which is a link between knowledge seekers and knowledge experts. In this context, this research involved implementing a Knowledge Brokering System, called a K-broker system, as a prototype system to improve knowledge transfer in an organization based on an analysis of users’ social network. The K-broker system can provide a ‘single view’ screen for identifying knowledge experts and has no bottlenecks in contrast with a human knowledge broker. Furthermore, it can provide a permanent communication channel between knowledge seekers and knowledge experts.

Despite the growing interest in using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for drone control, several challenges remain to be addressed, including issues with generalization across task variations and agent training (which requires significant computational power and time). When the agent’s input changes owing to the drone’s sensors or mission variations, significant retraining overhead is required to handle the changes in the input data pattern and the neural network architecture to accommodate the input data. These difficulties severely limit their applicability in dynamic real-world environments. In this paper, we propose an efficient DRL method that leverages the knowledge of the source agent to accelerate the training of the target agent under task variations. The proposed method consists of three phases: collecting training data for the target agent using the source agent, supervised pre-training of the target agent, and DRL-based fine-tuning. Experimental validation demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the training time (up to 94.29%), suggesting a potential avenue for the successful and efficient application of DRL in drone control.

다국적기업의 경쟁우위를 강화할 수 있는 중요한 수단으로 제기되고 있는 것이 기업 내 지식 이전이다. 글로벌 학습을 통해 본사의 기업 특유 (firm-specific) 지식뿐 아니라 해외자회사 특유 (subsidiary-specific)의 지식을 국제간에 이전함으로써 새로운 경쟁우위를 창출하는 것이 글로벌 경영활동에 참가하는 기업의 이점이다. 이런 관점에서 본 연구는 다음과 같은 세 가지 목적을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 지난 15년간 (2000년 – 2014년)에 이루어진 관련연구들을 분석하여, 다국적기업의 국제간 지식이전에 영향을 주는 다양한 영향요인을 도출하는 것이다. 둘째, 문헌연구를 통해 도출한 다양한 영향요인들을 종합적으로 고려하여 국제간 지식이전에 관한 보다 간결하면서 체계적인 모형 (일명 a two-gap mode)을 개발하는 것이다. 셋째, 투 갭 모형에 근거하여 본사와 해외자회사간에 존재하는 지식 갭 (knowledge gap)을 줄일 수 있는 명제들을 제시하는 것이다.

Knowledge transfer has become one of the most important means to create and sustain the competitiveness of MNCs. It is MNCs’ another advantage that they can enhance global competitiveness through the intra-transfer of not only HQs’ firm-specific knowledge but also foreign subsidiaries-specific knowledge developed from global learning. This paper has three purposes that can be summarized as follows. First, to better understand international knowledge transfer within a MNC, we reviewed top management and international business journal during 2000∼2014 and found 12 key determining factors of international knowledge transfer. Second, based on these 12 key factors, we designed a conceptual model (called two-gap model) explaining an intra-MNC’s knowledge transfer. It's more concise and systematic than the Knowledge Transfer Analysis (KTA) framework. Third, based on a two-gap model, we put forward several propositions which depicted how to reduce knowledge gap between HQs and overseas subsidiaries. We believe that the two-gap model could help a MNC’s knowledge transfer process and can be utilized for the successful outcome of knowledge transfer.

The purpose of this research is to explore whether social network sites (SNS) increases individual creativity by social network user characteristics through knowledge transfer antecedents. Date is collected through an online questionnaire from 220 SNS users and structural equation modeling is employed to analyze data. Results indicate that user characteristics including social interaction and social relationship positively were positively related to knowledge transfer antecedents namely, knowledge sharing and collective collaboration, however, social influence was positively related to only knowledge sharing. The study also introduces SNS user playfulness as a moderator between knowledge transfer antecedents and individual creativity. The study offer a new research model to explore the impact of SNS based knowledge transfer on SNS user outcome based on SNS user characteristics. The finding of study provide guidance to SNS practitioners on enhancing individual creativity.

Although knowledge transfer between two different parties occurs in IS development projects, the majority of prior studies focused on knowledge transfer from IT consultants to clients. Considering two parts of knowledge transfer in IS development projects, we must consider both ‘where knowledge is transferred from’ and ‘where it is transferred to’. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to describe two different routes of knowledge transfer, such as knowledge transfer from an IT consultant to a client and knowledge transfer from a client to an IT consultant. In this regard, we have examined the effect of two different routes of knowledge transfer on system implementation success in IS development project. Specifically, we adopted the knowledge stock-flow theory to examine the causal relationship between IT consulting firms and clients in terms of knowledge transfer and eventual system implementation success. Survey data collected from 213 pairs of individuals (both clients and IT consultants) were used to test the model using three different analytic approaches such as PLS (partial least squares) and two types of mediated regression techniques. We found that knowledge transfers partially mediated both the relationships between IT consultants’ IT skills (project members’ business knowledge) and system implementation success. Furthermore, the effects of each knowledge transfer were distinguished by depending on the types of system, such as ERP or groupware. Our attempts have significant implications for both research and practice given the importance of effective knowledge transfer to IT consulting.

Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study develops a comprehensive model to investigate the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on internal knowledge transfer (IKT) within project teams. In this model, TL is considered the independent variable, IKT is the dependent variable, and employee creativity (EC) is the mediating variable. Furthermore, the study examines the moderating effect of power distance (PD) on the relationship between TL and IKT within teams. To address these research objectives, the study adopts a quantitative research design, collecting data through a structured survey questionnaire distributed to employees in manufacturing enterprises. The sample comprises 308 respondents, representing diverse roles and hierarchical levels within project teams, providing a robust dataset for analysis. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed as the primary method to test the proposed hypotheses, allowing the researchers to examine both direct and indirect effects within the model and the moderating influence of power distance. Additionally, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the measurement model, ensuring the constructs were appropriately captured. The findings indicate that TL significantly and positively impacts employees' willingness to participate in IKT processes. It demonstrates that TL fosters a collaborative environment conducive to knowledge sharing among team members. Moreover, EC partially mediates the relationship between TL and IKT, highlighting the importance of creativity as a mechanism through which leadership styles influence knowledge-sharing behaviors. Additionally, the study uncovers that power distance negatively moderates the positive effect of TL on employees' willingness to transfer knowledge. In contexts where PD is higher, the positive influence of TL on knowledge-sharing behaviors may be weakened. These findings contribute to the existing body of literature by offering new insights into the interplay between leadership styles, employee behaviors, and knowledge management processes within organizations. They also provide actionable recommendations for organizations aiming to enhance their IKT practices. Specifically, companies can focus on developing leadership strategies that encourage creativity and reduce hierarchical barriers to foster a culture of knowledge sharing. By understanding these dynamics, businesses can improve employee engagement in knowledge transfer activities and optimize the overall effectiveness of IKT processes within project teams.

The information and communication technology (ICT) value creation process is inherently unobservable. In addition to the direct effect of ICT on productivity, some information or knowledge can create value through other knowledge activities. In this paper, we study the impact of ICT on productivity through R&D. We tested the mediating effect of R&D between ICT and productivity using panel data from 47 US industries from 1987 to 2013 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The results show that R&D partially mediates ICT and productivity. That is, ICT directly increases productivity, and some of its effects can be realized through R&D. Recipients who acquire knowledge through ICT have to interpret codified ideas and apply them to practice. The increased absorptive capacity that can be developed through R&D improves interpretation ability, allowing employees to share more complex ideas. Thus, ICT helps people to effectively communicate, but some information and knowledge can be realized and applied through R&D knowledge activities. This is the first study empirically examining the process of ICT value creation through R&D. It also provides practical guidelines for knowledge management, such as making decisions about ICT and R&D investments that are better done concurrently rather than individually to maximize their impact on productivity.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer and the role of absorptive capacity between them. From the test of both measurement and structural model using Partial Least Squares (PLS), IT human capability is found to be significant to absorptive capacity and knowledge transfer. Absorptive capacity is also significantly related to knowledge transfer. The interesting result found in this study is that the path of absorptive capacity drawn from IT human capability to knowledge transfer is stronger than the direct relationship between IT human capability and knowledge transfer, indicating that absorptive capacity plays an important role in knowledge transfer. This result indicates that IT personnel with stronger technical skill, interpersonal skill and management capability are more likely to acquire and learn knowledge effectively from outside expertise. Moreover, this study shows that absorptive capacity, the individual’s ability to utilize external knowledge is derived from IT human capability and strongly effects on transferring knowledge from outsourcing vendors. This study suggests IT related managers that the development of IT human capability and absorptive capacity should be recognized for a successful exploitation of outside knowledge within a firm. It is also a necessary condition for a successful IT implementation and maintenance independently and economically from outside vendors.

Simultaneous interpreting requires special expertise which distinguishes the conference interpreters from other bilinguals. It is argued in this study that working memory capacity as well as knowledge about topic being discussed are the two factors that constitute the expertise of conference interpreters. Under such assumption, working memory spans of two groups of conference interpreters - seven interpreters in the Experienced Group with more than ten years of working experience and 16 interpreters in the Novice Group with less than three years of experience - were measured. Also, a survey was conducted to assess the topic knowledge of the two groups of interpreters. Then, English into Korean simultaneous interpreting experiment was carried out to investigate the implications of working memory capacity and topic knowledge on the interpreters' ability to transfer information from source language to target language. The interpreters' ability to transfer information was measured in terms of their ability to transfer meaning segments referred to as Idea Units and Essential Idea Units in the texts. The results of the experiment showed that while Experienced Group was able to transfer higher percentage of both Idea Units and Essential Idea Units than Novice Group, Novice Group of interpreters were more influenced by working memory span than knowledge while the Experienced Group was more influenced by the Topic Knowledge in their abilities to transfer information during simultaneous interpreting.