Earticle

Regulation of bovine interferon-tau (bIFNT) production, a conceptus secretory protein implicated in the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy, However, its expression in vivo and its transcriptional regulation are not yet well characterized. Among more than bIFNT gene sequences characterized, approximately 90% of bIFNT transcripts expressed in utero is derived from bIFNT1 gene and amounts of transcripts from other bIFNT genes such as new type I bIFNTcl. It was hypothesized that the variation in expression levels exhibited by the bIFNT1 and bIFNTc1 genes was due to identical in the proximal promoter regions of these bIFNT genes. In the present inverstigation, the 5’-upstream (positions ‒1,000 to +51) region of bovine IFNT1 and IFNTc1 genes were analysed using bovine ear-derived fibroblast (EF) cell line, which would provide a more suitable system for studies of the bovine trophoblast transcription factor ETS2. Luciferase assay, the 5’-upstream region (positiond ‒1,000 to +51) of bIFNT1 and bIFNTc1 was then truncated at positions ‒637, ‒389, ‒262, ‒222, or ‒157, or point-mutated at potential ETS-binding site. As compared to the wild-type constructs, those with deletion and mutation constructs were reduced bIFNT transcription similarly. Also, these findings were confirmed by mutated examining idented ETS2 binding site on the bIFNT1 and bIFNTc1 genes 5’-upstream region, ETS2 transcription factor expression constructs revealed the importance of a ETS2 binding site at (between -79 to -70) was idented in the bIFNT1 and bIFNTc1 genes. These results demonstrate these the short promoter region including the ETS2 binding site, gene display identical by transcription factor ETS2, tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation during pregnancy, in determining bovine IFNT genes transcription by the trophectoderm.

Deleterious effects of high dose radiation exposure with high-dose-rate are unarguable, but they are still controversial in low-dose-rate. The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) is a negative regulator of G proteincoupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. In addition, it is reported that irradiation stress led to GPCR-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-k) signaling. The RGS mRNA expression profiles by whole body radiation with low-dose-rate has not yet been explored. In the present study, we, therefore, examined which RGS was modulated by the whole body radiation with low-dose-rate (3.49 mGy·h-1). Among 16 RGS expression tested, RGS6, RGS13 and RGS16 mRNA were down-regulated by low-dose-rate irradiation. This is the first report that whole body radiation with low-dose-rate can modulate the different RGS expression levels. These results are expected to reveal the potential target and/or the biomarker proteins associated with male testis toxicity induced by low-dose-rate irradiation, which might contribute to understanding the mechanism beyond the testis toxicity.

전사자료가 (재판, 경찰 도청녹음 전사 등의) 전문 분야의 연구와 특히, 최근 각광받고 있는 공공 서비스로서의 통번역(Public Service Interpreting and Translating, PSIT)에서 차지하는 중요성에도 불구하고 이를 주제한 통번역 분야의 저작은 그리 많지 않다. 그 외에도 연구 목적으로 대화의 전사자료나 문서를 활용하는 (응용 언어학, 제2 외국어 교육, 민족학, 민속방법론, 인류학 등의) 다양한 학문 분야가 있다. 본 논문은 한정된 지면이나마 통번역사의 전사자료 활용에 관한 연구에 기여해 보고자 한다. 본 연구에서 “전사자료”란 원화가 언급한 단어들을 정확히 번역해 놓은 번역본을 지칭한다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 지난 세기 동안 전사자료가 어떻게 활용되었는지에 관해 간략하게 역사적 고찰을 하고, 이후 전사자료 활용 방법에 관한 접근방법을 논의함으로써 통역사의 역할을 분석해 본다. 마지막으로 전문적이고 과학적인 분야, 특히 PSIT 연구에 있어서의 전사자료의 활용과 (11M으로 알려진 스페인에서 발생한 최대 규모의 이스람 테러공격에 대한) 특정 재판에서 전사자료가 얼마나 중요한 역할을 했는지를 고찰하였다.

Although the function and utility of RNA transcripts derived from matured spermatozoa remains unclear, they might play important roles in the establishment of a paternal genome and subsequently embryo development. Herein, we investigated the expression of X-chromosome linked RNA transcripts in matured bovine spermatozoa. The total RNA was extracted from the matured spermatozoa, and then converted to cDNA. Autosomal genes (ACT-β and H-2A) and X-chromosome linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) were analyzed for the characterization of X-chromosome linked RNA transcripts and compared to female fibroblasts by RT-PCR. The transcripts of autosomal genes (ACT-β and H2A) and X-chromosome linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X and ZFX) were not detected in spermatozoa. However, XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and XIST (X-chromosome inactive-specific transcript, a kind of paternal imprinted gene) transcripts were detected in spermatozoa, and relative levels of XIAP and XIST transcripts were similar and 0.5-fold lower when compared to female fibroblasts, respectively. Based on the findings, it is summarized that the presence of RNA transcripts of XIAP and XIST in the isolated spermatozoa may imply their role in inhibition of apoptosis and induction of X-chromosome inactivation in embryo development.

본 연구는 성폭력 피해아동 조사 실무에서 NICHD 조사적 면담 프로토콜의 조사단계가 적절히 이행되고 있는지 조사하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 조사경찰과 면담전문가에게 각각 조사받은 만 5세~15 세 아동의 조사 녹취록 30건을 분석하였다. 그 결과 질문량과 진술량의 집단 간 차이는 유의하지 않았으 나 경찰은 직접질문과 선택질문 및 암시질문을, 그리고 전문가는 권유를 유의하게 많이 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 집단 간 질문유형에 따른 진술량의 차이가 유의해서 경찰 면담에서는 암시질문에 따라, 그리고 전문가 면담에서는 권유에 따라 아동이 유의하게 많은 정보를 진술하였다. 질문유형의 시간경과에 따른 변화추이 분석 결과 전문가의 경우 1쿼터에 권유에 집중하였다가 시간 경과에 따라 직접질문과 선택질문 의 사용량을 늘렸기는 하나 4쿼터까지도 비교적 많은 양의 권유를 사용하였다. 이와 달리 경찰은 1쿼터부 터 직접질문을 자주 사용하였으며 시간 경과에 따라 더 많은 직접질문과 선택질문을 사용하였고 4쿼터에 이르러서는 암시질문을 자주 사용하였다. 이러한 결과는 조사경찰이 NICHD 프로토콜의 실질적인 단계 를 적절히 이행하고 있지 않고 있음을 시사한다.

TThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the substantive interview phase of the NICHD investigative interview protocol was properly implemented in the forensic interview of alleged child sexual abuse. To this end, 30 transcript of children aged 5 to 15 years who were independently interviewed by police officer and the interview expert were analyzed. As a result, the difference between the groups in the amount of questions and details was not significant. The police group used direct questions, option-posing, and suggestive questions significantly more than the expert group. The children reported significantly more information through suggestive questions in police officer interview, but significantly more information through invitations in expert interview. The expert group mainly used invitations in the beginning, gradually increasing the amount of direct questions, but still frequently used invitations and facilitation until the end. In contrast, the police group frequently used direct questions from the beginning, gradually increasing the amount, and rarely used invitations and facilitation toward the end.

한글 전사 자형을 기준으로 했을 때, 사전류 청학서는 원, 점 등 특수 표기가 있는 전사 방식에 속하고, 독본류 청학사서는 특수 표기가 없는 전사 방식에 속한다. 그러나 규장각본 『 小兒論』(圭12135호), 다쿠소쿠 문고본 『八歲兒』, 대영도서관본 『淸語老乞大』, 오구라 문고본 『三譯總解』(잔권) 등 4종의 청학사서에는 큰 원과 같은 특수 기호를 추가한 표기가 나타나 기존의 독본류 청학사서와 다른 특징을 보인다. 원점 표기 판본에 나타나는 특수 기호는 사전류 청학서에 보이는 원점과 비교했을 때, 그 형태는 다르지만 기호를 추가한 이유는 사전류 청학서와 거의 일치한다. 본 연구에서는 원점 표기 판본의 독본류 청학사서에 나타나는 한글 전사 자료를 정리하여, 따로 추가된 특수 기호의 기능에 대해 설명하였다.

Examining the form of transliterated text, the dictionary-type Cheong-hak-seo such as Dong-mun-yu-hae and Han-cheong-mun-gam, is a type of transliteration marked with special symbols, while the four Cheong-hak-seo in the text-type lack such markings. However, the author identifies versions of four text-type Cheong-hak-seo that do include special symbols.They are Kyujanggak version(No. 12135) of So-a-ron, the Dakusoku version of Pal-se-a, the British Library version of Cheong-eo-no-gel- dae. and the Ogura version of San-yeok-chong-hae. The special symbols that appear in the Korean transliterations of these four ancient texts bear significant resemblances with the dictionary-type Cheong-hak-seo, but notable differences also exist. This paper categorizes and organizes these symbols, and explore in depth their functions and the rationale behind their inclusion.

구술사와 관련된 커뮤니케이션에서 핵심적인 요소는 인간의 입을 통해서 이야기되 는 말 그 자체이다. 구술사 연구자들은 역사적 사건이나 경험 그리고 삶의 방식에 대 한 인간의 기억을 기록하기 위해서 사람들을 인터뷰하고 이야기를 나눈다. 구술사 연 구와 자료 수집의 과정에서 녹취문은 매우 활발하게 활용되고 있으며, 구술사 연구 자체가 마치 녹취문을 생산하고 활용하는 과정인 것처럼 인식하는 경향마저 없지 않 다. 그렇지만 녹취문은 구술인터뷰 현장에서 이루어진 대화를 텍스트로 변환한 일종 의 문자기록으로, 그 자체를 원자료인 구술기록이라고 이야기할 수는 없다. 말을 문자 로 변형하는 과정에서 발생하는 불가피한 손실과 파괴는 결코 가볍게 간과할 수 없는 것이다. ‘말’을 통해서 역사를 서술하는 구술사 연구에서 태생적인 손실과 파괴를 수 반할 수밖에 없는 ‘텍스트’에 의존해서 연구를 수행하는 것은 그 본령을 망각한 행위 라고 볼 수밖에 없다. 구술사 연구에서 구술기록을 대신해서 녹취문이 주로 활용되는 것은 매우 역설적이고, 비정상적인 상황이다. 이 연구에서는 이렇게 구술사 연구에서 녹취문이 주요한 위치를 차지하게 된 배경을 미국에서의 초창기 구술사 연구에서의 특성을 통해서 살펴보고, 녹취록의 기록으로서의 특성을 보다 구체적으로 살펴보았 다. 아울러 구술사 연구에서의 구술성 회복과 원자료인 녹음기록과 녹화기록의 활발 한 이용을 위한 새로운 전제와 단초로서 디지털 기술의 가능성을 점검하였다. 특히 상세목록과 색인을 통한 다차원적인 접근의 가능색을 모색하였다.

A key element in oral history communication is the spoken word from a person who is interviewed. Oral history researchers interview people and talk about them in order to record human memories of historical events, experiences, and ways of life. But there is a tendency to perceive the oral history research itself as a process of producing and utilizing transcripts. However, a transcript is a kind of document that converts spoken word to character, and cannot be oral source. The inevitable loss and destruction that occur in the process of transforming a spoken word into letters cannot be merely overlooked. It is inevitable to carry out research based on 'text' which is accompanied by inherent loss and destruction in oral history research that describes history through 'spoken word'. It is very paradoxical and unusual for oral history research to use transcripts. In this study, we investigated how transcripts were utilized in the early oral history research in the United States, and examined the characteristics of transcripts as records. In addition, it examines the possibility of digital technology as a new premise and starting point for the revival of narrative in oral history research and the active use of oral sources. In particular, we searched for the possibility of multidimensional approach through detailed list and index.

The objective of translation and interpreting education is to equip students with the practical knowledge and skills needed in the translation and interpreting markets. To achieve this, students are given practical training in accurately understanding the source language and adequately rendering its meaning in the target language. The texts used in these trainings should appropriately serve the purpose of interpreting education, and speech transcripts are widely preferred and used. Here, the current study aims to investigate the areas of training that speech transcripts can be the most and the least pragmatic in. Among the known lexical factors that impose difficulties to interpreting, six were identified for the purpose of our study: metaphors, idioms, native expressions, proper nouns, numbers and technical terms. The analysis of the appearance frequency of each factors showed that proper nouns appeared the most and idioms the least in speech transcripts. This suggests that while speech transcripts can be a suitable source text when giving training in rendering proper nouns to target language, they are less appropriate for idioms-to-target-language training. Implications of the findings are further discussed.

본 연구는 생성형 인공지능(AI)과 인간 연구자의 협업을 통해 질적연구 전사자료 코 딩 과정이 어떻게 조직되고 조율되는지를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 결혼이 주여성의 자립 경험을 다룬 심층면담 전사자료 25편을 대상으로, AI 기반 1차 코딩과 인간 연구자의 반복적 검토, 수정, 해석이 상호적으로 이루어지는 사례연구를 수행하 였다. 분석 결과, 생성형 AI는 방대한 텍스트 자료의 신속 처리 및 반복적 패턴 탐지, 초기 코드 생성과 범주 제안 효율성 증대에 기여하였다. 그러나 동시에 발화 맥락의 단 절, 의미의 단순화와 과잉 일반화, 유사·중복 범주의 과잉 생성, 환각과 부분적 발화 누 락, 비언어적·정동적 의미 해석의 한계와 같은 문제들이 반복적으로 확인되었다. 이에 인간 연구자는 AI 생성 코드 및 범주를 원전사 자료와 대조하며 발화코드 정합성 검 토, 맥락 보완, 범주 재구조화, 위계 조정, 최종 해석 확정의 역할을 수행함으로써 분석 의 타당성과 의미 구성을 주도하였다. 특히 본 연구에서 AI가 제안한 범주 체계는 인간 연구자의 해석적 판단을 통해 다층적으로 수정·재조정되었으며, 이 과정에서 AI인간 협업은 반복적 조율과 비판적 검증을 핵심으로 하는 분석 실천으로 나타났다. 본 연구 는 AI가 질적자료 코딩의 유용한 보조 도구가 될 수 있음을 결혼이주여성 전사자료 분 석 사례를 통해 확인하는 동시에, 질적연구의 해석적 책임과 분석적 판단은 여전히 인 간 연구자에게 귀속됨을 보여준다.

This study aims to explore how the coding process of qualitative interview transcripts is organized and coordinated through collaboration between generative artificial intelligence (AI) and human researchers. To this end, a case study was conducted using 25 in-depth interview transcripts addressing the self-reliance experiences of marriage migrant women. The analysis involved an interactive process in which AI-based first-round coding was followed by repeated review, revision, and interpretation by human researchers. The findings indicate that generative AI contributed to the rapid processing of large volumes of textual data, the detection of recurrent patterns, and increased efficiency in generating initial codes and category suggestions. At the same time, however, recurring problems were identified, including fragmentation of utterance context, simplification and overgeneralization of meaning, excessive generation of similar or overlapping categories, hallucinations and partial omission of utterances, and limitations in interpreting nonverbal and affective meanings. In response, human researchers played a central role in ensuring analytical validity and meaning construction by comparing AI-generated codes and categories with the original transcripts, examining utterancecode alignment, supplementing contextual information, restructuring categories, adjusting hierarchical relationships, and determining final interpretations. In particular, the category system proposed by AI was repeatedly modified and recalibrated through the interpretive judgments of human researchers, revealing AIhuman collaboration as an analytical practice characterized by iterative coordination and critical validation. This study demonstrates, through an analysis of interview transcripts with marriage migrant women, that AI can serve as a useful auxiliary tool for qualitative data coding, while also underscoring that interpretive responsibility and analytical judgment in qualitative research remain firmly vested in human researchers.

본 연구는 생성형 인공지능(AI)과 인간 연구자의 협업을 통해 질적연구 전사자료 코딩 과정이 어떻게 조직되고 조율되는지를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 결혼이 주여성의 자립 경험을 다룬 심층면담 전사자료 25편을 대상으로, AI 기반 1차 코딩과 인간 연구자의 반복적 검토, 수정, 해석이 상호적으로 이루어지는 사례연구를 수행하 였다. 분석 결과, 생성형 AI는 방대한 텍스트 자료의 신속 처리 및 반복적 패턴 탐지, 초기 코드 생성과 범주 제안 효율성 증대에 기여하였다. 그러나 동시에 발화 맥락의 단 절, 의미의 단순화와 과잉 일반화, 유사·중복 범주의 과잉 생성, 환각과 부분적 발화 누 락, 비언어적·정동적 의미 해석의 한계와 같은 문제들이 반복적으로 확인되었다. 이에 인간 연구자는 AI 생성 코드 및 범주를 원전사 자료와 대조하며 발화코드 정합성 검 토, 맥락 보완, 범주 재구조화, 위계 조정, 최종 해석 확정의 역할을 수행함으로써 분석 의 타당성과 의미 구성을 주도하였다. 특히 본 연구에서 AI가 제안한 범주 체계는 인간 연구자의 해석적 판단을 통해 다층적으로 수정·재조정되었으며, 이 과정에서 AI인간 협업은 반복적 조율과 비판적 검증을 핵심으로 하는 분석 실천으로 나타났다. 본 연구 는 AI가 질적자료 코딩의 유용한 보조 도구가 될 수 있음을 결혼이주여성 전사자료 분 석 사례를 통해 확인하는 동시에, 질적연구의 해석적 책임과 분석적 판단은 여전히 인 간 연구자에게 귀속됨을 보여준다.

This study aims to explore how the coding process of qualitative interview transcripts is organized and coordinated through collaboration between generative artificial intelligence (AI) and human researchers. To this end, a case study was conducted using 25 in-depth interview transcripts addressing the self-reliance experiences of marriage migrant women. The analysis involved an interactive process in which AI-based first-round coding was followed by repeated review, revision, and interpretation by human researchers. The findings indicate that generative AI contributed to the rapid processing of large volumes of textual data, the detection of recurrent patterns, and increased efficiency in generating initial codes and category suggestions. At the same time, however, recurring problems were identified, including fragmentation of utterance context, simplification and overgeneralization of meaning, excessive generation of similar or overlapping categories, hallucinations and partial omission of utterances, and limitations in interpreting nonverbal and affective meanings. In response, human researchers played a central role in ensuring analytical validity and meaning construction by comparing AI-generated codes and categories with the original transcripts, examining utterancecode alignment, supplementing contextual information, restructuring categories, adjusting hierarchical relationships, and determining final interpretations. In particular, the category system proposed by AI was repeatedly modified and recalibrated through the interpretive judgments of human researchers, revealing AIhuman collaboration as an analytical practice characterized by iterative coordination and critical validation. This study demonstrates, through an analysis of interview transcripts with marriage migrant women, that AI can serve as a useful auxiliary tool for qualitative data coding, while also underscoring that interpretive responsibility and analytical judgment in qualitative research remain firmly vested in human researchers.

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) plant is known as a commercial source of morphinan alkaloids such as thebaine, codeine and morphinee. But callus induced from this plant are regarded to lose their ability to produce morphine and related alkaloids, which were derived from (R)-reticuline and produced in high concentration by the original intact plants, due to lack of enzymes transforming (R)-reticuline and codeine to next metabolites. Therefore, to elucidate the differences between secondary metabolism of plant cells and intact plants of Papaver somniferum and to determine the potential step for targeted metabolic engineering, we compared the expression profiles of gene transcripts and enzymes on the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway in P. somniferm using plant cells and intact plants parts such as leaves, stems, roots and capsules. Gene transcript and protein expression level of salutaridine oxidoreductase in cells was negligible compared to that in intact plants. Through integrated-omics study on secondary metabolic pathway of P. somniferum salutaridine oxidoreductase (SR) could be suggested as a potential target of metabolic engineering for cells whose secondary metabolism would be altered by genetic manipulation to produce morphinan alkaloids in vitro.

P. stipitis, the best known xylose fermenting yeast, has been served as a gene source for metabolic engineering of xylose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. Specifically, three genes (XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3) coding for the xylose metabolic pathway enzymes (xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xyluokinase) have been introduced into S. cerevisiae. The resulting recombinant S. cerevisiae strains were able to assimilate xylose as a carbon source, but did not produce ethanol with high yields. Accumulated results from prior studies suggested that simultaneous perturbation of multiple genes might be required to facilitate high yield xylose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. In order to identify such a set of gene targets enhancing xylose fermentation, we investigated the levels of mRNA transcripts of P. stipitis grown under four different conditions through EST analysis. We discovered two notable features in the gene expression profiles. First, transcripts of glucose-6-phsphate dehydrogenase (GND1), transketolase (TKT1), and transaldolase (TAL1), involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, are strongly induced on xylose. Second, the expression of a NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH2) is elevated on xylose under oxygen limited conditions. These results suggest that higher capacity of the pentose pathway and a cofactor regeneration system are necessary for efficient maintenance of xylose metabolism.

최근, 첨단과학기술이 발전하고 그에 따라 각종 디지털 전자장비가 개발·활용됨에 따라 사인이 증거자료를 수집하는 경향이 확대되었고, 그 증거수집과정에서 인터넷이나 SNS를 통한 문자, 사진, 영상의 공개 등 관련자의 기본권 침해행위가 더욱 빈번하게 되었다. 이 경우, 기존 대법원판례 및 학설(다수설)에 의하면, 통신비밀보호법과 같이 특별히 증거능력을 배제하는 규정(§4, 14① 등)이 없는 경우에는 판례와 같이 이익(=비교)형량설에 따라 실체적 진실이라는 공익과 침해된 기본권(=사익)을 비교형량하여 그 증거능력을 판단하고 있다. 그러나 개정 형사소송법 제308조의2에서 위법수집증거배제법칙을 천명하고 있고, 동조에서 적법한 절차라는 기준을 제시하고 있으므로, 사인간의 법률관계도 헌법상 보장된 기본권의 효력을 당연히 인정하여 동법 제308조의2의 적용범위 안으로 포함시키는 것이 필요하고, 이는 동조의 적용(=통제)범위 안에 포함시키는 것이 헌법정신과도 일치한다고 본다. 즉, 이러한 견지에서 사인이 위법하게 수집한 증거는 기본권의 본질적인 침해를 수반하는 것으로써, 이는 기본권의 대사인적 효력에 의하여 증거를 배제할 수 있다고 보며, 나아가 일반적 조항(§4, 14① 등)을 매개로하여 사인간의 기본권을 인정하고 있는 간접적용설의 다수설과도 부합할 수 있다. 따라서 본고의 저자는 사인간의 법률관계에서도 형사소송법 제308조의2를 적용하여 헌법상 보장된 기본권의 실질적인 실현과 그 적법절차의 이념을 구현하고, 나아가 원칙적으로 사인의 위법수집증거를 배제할 수 있다고 보는 대사인적 기본권설(제308조의2 적용설)을 제시하고자 한다.

Recently, as advanced science and technology have been developed and various digital electronic equipments have been developed and utilized, the tendency for private person to collect evidence has been increased. Therefore, in the process of collecting evidence, the infringement of the basic rights of related people such as the disclosure of texts, photos, and videos through the Internet or SNS became more frequent. In this case, according to the existing precedents of Supreme Court and theories (majority theory), if there is no provision (such as §4, 14①) that specifically excludes the evidence ability like Protection of Communication Secret Act, the evidence ability is judged by comparing the public interest of substantive truth and the infringed fundamental right. However, since Article 308-2 of the Revised Criminal Procedure Act clarifies the principle of exclusion of illegally collected evidence and provides a standard of due process, it is necessary to include the legal relations between private people in the scope of application (=control) of Article 308-2 recognizing the effectiveness of the basic human rights guaranteed in the constitute, which is considered to be consistent with the constitutional spirit. In other words, the evidence illegally collected by a private person entails the infringement of the basic human right, and therefore such evidence can be excluded as an evidence by the effect of the basic human right of the private person, and furthermore, through the general provisions (§4, 14①, etc.), which can be consistent with the majority theory of indirect application that recognizes the basic human rights of private people. Therefore, the authors of the current study would like to apply Article 308-2 of the Criminal Procedure Act to the legal relations among private people to make substantial realization of the basic rights guaranteed in the constitute and implement the ideology of such legal procedure, and in principle, would like to present the basic human right theory of private persons (Application of Article 308-2 of the same Act) that considers that the evidence illegally collected by the private person shall be excluded in principle.

말에서 주요 경제형질인 운동과 관련된 연구는 중요하지만, 현재까지의 연구는 물리학적, 생리학적연구에 치중되어 있어 분자수준의 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 선행연구를 통하여 경주마에서 RNA-sequencing을 수행하여 운동 전·후 alternative transcript 이형에 따라 발현 양상이 상이한 유전자(DYNC1LI2, COBLL1, AXL, PLEKHG1)를 발굴하였다. 이 중, DYNC1LI2 유전자를 선택하여분자생물학적 분석 및 운동성과의 관계에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, DYNC1LI2 유전자의 2가지 전사 이형은 긴 형태의 전사체(DYNC1LI2a)와 결손이 일어나 상대적으로 짧아진 전사체(DYNC1LI2b)의 형태로 존재하는 것을 확인하였고, 두 가지 전사 이형 모두가 말의 각 조직(갑상선, 결장, 골격근, 맹장, 심장, 신장, 척수, 폐)에 존재함을 확인하였다. 또한, 운동 전과 운동 후 발현량 분석을 통해 두 가지 전사 이형이 동일하게 운동에 따라 발현이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 추가적으로 두가지 전사 이형의 아미노산 비교 분석 결과, 엑손영역에 결손이 일어나는 부분은 단백질의 인산화 및당질화와 관련이 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 DYNC1LI2a가 DYNC1LI2b에 비해 더욱 단백질의 안정화 작용을 하는 것을 의미하며, DYNC1LI2 유전자가 운동에 따라 발현이 달라짐에 따라 차후 말에서 운동관련 연구에 대한 기반 자료로써 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

General economy trait related exercise of horse is important, but researches which is studieduntil now is mostly about physical and physiological research related with horse athletic ability,researches in molecular level hasn't been studied enough. In previous study, RNA-sequencingwas conducted with skeletal muscle and blood in 6 thoroughbreds, and through RNA-sequencing,four genes(DYNC1LI2, COBLL1, AXL, PLEKHG1) which is expressed differently according toAlternative splicing isoform before and after exercise are predicted as a result. Among thosegenes, we validated DYNC1LI2 gene and investigated for relationship between DYNC1LI2 gene and athletic ability. Our research team validated the presence of alternative spliced isoforms ofequine DYNC1LI2, namely DYNC1LI2a as a long form and DYNC1LI2b as a short form invitro. Also as a result for RT-PCR in various tissues(lung, colon, skeletal muscle, thyroid gland,heart, cecum, spinal cord, and kidney) each isoform of DYNC1LI2 was detected in every tissue. Expression pattern of DYNC1LI2 was validated, and each of DYNC1LI2 transcripts is decreasedafter exercise. By conducting amino acid analysis, our research team investigated cassette exonregion, where phosphorylation site and glycosylation site are exist, and it means, DYNC1LI2acould be more stable in protein between two transcripts. Through this study, DYNC1LI2 genewhich is estimated that is related with exercise has investigated in molecular biological level,and detected data can give warrant as a base data in exercise related researches.

Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) is a regulator of basal defense responses required for resistance mediated by TIR-NBS-LRR containing R proteins. We identified three transcripts of EDS1-like genes encompassing diverse/separate expression patterns, based on the transcriptome analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of V. flexuosa inoculated with Elsinoe ampelina. These genes were designated VfEDL1 (Vitis flexuosa Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1-like1), VfEDL2 and VfEDL3, and contained 2464, 1719 and 1599 bp, with 1791, 1227 and 1599 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding proteins of 596, 408 and 532 amino acids, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of all three genes showed the L-family lipase-like domain (class 3 lipase domain), and exhibited a potential lipase catalytic triad, aspartic acid, histidine and serine in the conserved G-X-S-X-G. All three VfEDL genes were upregulated at 1 hpi against the bacterial and fungal pathogens Rizhobiumvitis and E. ampelina, respectively, except VfEDL1, which was downregulated against E. ampelina at all time points. Against E. ampelina, VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 showed downregulated expression at later time points. When evaluated against R. vitis, VfEDL1 showed downregulated expression at all time points after 1 hpi, while VfEDL3 showed upregulation up to 24 hpi. Based on the expression response, all three genes may be involved in plant resistant responses against R. vitis, and VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 show additional resistant responses against E. ampelina infection.