Earticle

요즈음 가치 소비를 지향하는 MZ세대들은 향수에 투자를 하는 ‘향테크’에 주목하는 등 다양한 방식으로 향기를 즐기고 있다. 코로나19 이후 향기 산업은 치유 와 힐링의 영역에서 마케팅 수단으로 확대되었고 이종 산업간 융‧복합을 통하여 환경‧식음료 등 영역을 다 양하게 넓혀가고 있다. 특히 섬유향수 브랜드는 이러한 향기 시장에 맞춰 시장의 정착이 필요한 시점으로 섬유 향수는 기존 향수와 비교하였을 때 저렴한 가격과 탈취 ‧향균 기능의 장점이 더해져 향후 시장성이 더욱 확대 될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 섬유향수 라벨디자인과 용기 디자인의 패키지 선호도 연관성을 찾고자 MZ세 대를 중심으로 섬유향수의 섬유향수 사용 실태에 따른 패키지 디자인에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 결론적으로 선호하는 섬유향수 용기 형태로는 사각 용기, 원통형용기, 스프레이건용기 순이었으며 선호하 는 섬유향수 라벨 디자인으로는 투명라벨, 블랙라벨, 화이트라벨 순이었다. 선호하는 섬유향수용기 형태와 섬유향수 라벨디자인에 따른 관계는 원형용기와 사각용 기 선호가 이미지라벨, 화이트라벨과 투명라벨 선호와 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 유의하지는 않지만 섬유향수하면 떠오르는 단어와 용기 간에는 유의하지는 않지만 탈취제와 스프레이건 용기, 다양한 향기와 직사 각형 용기 원형 용기를 선호하였음을 알 수 있다. 그 이외에 향수의 차이점과 용기 형태에 따른 관계에서도 둘 사이에는 서로 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 향 수와 가격에서 차이가 난다는 경우에는 직사각용기, 사 각을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

The MZ generation, known for valuing experiential consumption, is increasingly interested in 'fragrance tech' for diverse scent experiences. Post-COVID-19, the fragrance industry has expanded marketing into healing and well-being, reaching into areas like environment, food, and beverages through cross-industry integration. Textile fragrance brands are crucial in a stabilizing fragrance market, expected to gain share due to affordability, deodorization, and antibacterial properties. This study focused on MZ generation preferences in textile fragrance usage and its correlation with package design, specifically label and container design. In conclusion, preferred textile fragrance container shapes were square, cylindrical, and spray gun containers. Label design preferences leaned towards transparent, followed by black and white labels. The relationship between container shapes and label design showed a connection between circular and square containers with image labels, along with a preference for white and transparent labels. Additionally, though not statistically significant, there was a preference for rectangular and square containers when associating words with textile fragrances. While not statistically significant, preferences for deodorant and spray gun containers were linked to various fragrances and rectangular containers versus circular ones. In examining fragrance differences and container shapes, there was no statistical significance, but preferences for rectangular and square containers were noted with price differences in fragrances.

최근 건강에 대한 관심도가 높아지면서 어린이를 대상으로 하는 건강식품의 시장규모가 확대되고 있다. 오늘날의 무한경쟁 구도 속에 기술과 가격, 품질의 평준화에 따라 판매를 결정하는 중요한 요인인 패키지디자인의 역할이 크다. 특히 어린이를 대상으로 한 음료시장에서 패키지의 구성요소인 캐릭터는 더욱 주목하게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 어린이의 심리를 이해하고, 어린이 일반음료인 탄산음료와 고열량 음료의 대표 캐릭터 사례와 어린이 건강음료인 과즙, 홍삼음료 패키지에 이용된 캐릭터들에 대한 현황을 조사하며, 캐릭터의 성향을 분석하였다. 또한 심층적인 캐릭터 사례 조사를 위해 어린이 음료시장의 점유율 순위에 따라 캐릭터를 선정하여 중점적으로 연구하였다. 이 연구를 통해 어린이 건강음료의 캐릭터가 일반음료와 구분되고 차별화된 캐릭터의 개발로 소비자에게 가까이 다가가길 기대한다.

Increases the degree of interest for the recent health, market of health food for children is expanding. Technology and price in today's infinite competition composition, the greater the role of package design is an important factor in determining the sale based on the leveling of quality. Especially in the drink market intended for children, a character which is a component of the package will be more attention. Therefore, in this study, to understand the child's psychology, fruit juice is a representative character case and the children's health drink carbonated drinks and high-calorie beverages is a common drink of children, use the red ginseng drink package by investigating been character current state and analyzed for trends characters. In addition, because of the detailed character case studies, it was intensively studied by selecting a character, depending on the share ranking of the children of the drink market. Through this study, we expect the road approaching the consumer in the development of the character of the character of the health drink of children are differentiated is distinguished from the general beverage.

본 연구는 밀키트(Meal Kit) 제품 정보의 사용자 경험 디자인 연구로서 구매자에게 필요한 제품 정보와 사용 편의성을 위한 필요사항을 도출하고 개선방안을 제안하는 데 목적이 있다. 밀키트 제품을 구매할 때 영양 섭취에 관한 정보 표기와 패키지 디자인, 환경에 관한 문제를 국내 밀키트 브랜드 피코크와 프레시지 2종을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 방법으로는 1차로 문헌 연구와 선행연구를 통해 밀키트 제품 구매 요인 7가지 요소를 도출하여 설문 조사를 진행하였 고, 2차로 30대 1인 가구 남녀 4명씩, 총 8명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 구매자에게 만족을 주는 요인으로는 조리 과정, 음식, 맛/영양, 패키지, 편리성, 가격, 정보 순으로 나타났으며, 과대포장 또한 문제점으로 드러났다. 이를 통해 밀키트 제품의 개선사항 도출과 발전 방안을 제시할 수 있었다. 본 연구가 향후 1인 가구의 식생활 개선과 밀키트 제품 개발에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

This study is a study on user experience design of Meal Kit product information. The purpose of this study is to derive the product information necessary for the purchaser and the necessity for the convenience of use, and to propose an improvement plan. When purchasing Meal Kit products, two types of domestic Meal Kit brands, Peacock and Fresheasy, were compared and analyzed for information on nutrition intake, package design, and environmental issues. As a research method, a questionnaire survey was conducted by deriving 7 factors for purchasing Meal Kit products through literature research and prior research. Proceeded. As a result of the study, the factors that satisfy buyers were in the order of cooking process, food, taste/nutrition, package, convenience, price, and information, and overpacking was also revealed as a problem. Through this, it was possible to derive improvements and develop plans for the Meal Kit product. It is expected that this study will help improve the dietary life of One person households and develop Meal Kit products in the future.

Heating patterns depending on the packaging materials were examined in order to investigate the causes of thermal deformation of packages used for ready-to-eat foods for microwave heating due to the non-uniformity of microwaves. Physical properties including tensile strength, heat-resistance and elongation of four different CPP grades were compared. High retortable CPP had higher sealing strength and heat resistance compared to the conventional CPPs. All CPP samples tested were proved to have melting temperatures around 160oC. However, they were all thermally deformed by microwave heating due to a limited penetration of microwave and non-uniform heating within the spicy sauce of high viscosity contained high salt, especially on the above the filling line and sealing edge of pouches. When the laminated stand-up pouches composed of G-PET/PET/PET/CPP and G-PET/PET/NY/CPP were retorted and microwaved, significant deformations were noticed in both samples after retorting. Besides, pouches contained titanium dioxide showed more intense thermal deformation than the control. When the 10 μm aluminium foil was affixed on the pouch, small thermal deformation was observed only in the bottom layer. More studies are required to prevent the thermal deformation of packaging materials used for RTE foods during microwave heating by developing the technologies to increase the thermal stability of CPP layer and the modification of packaging design to modify the microwave access into the package.

Current status on consumption and packaging of sweet persimmons in USA was surveyed by visiting the market, and three sea shipments were conducted as model export trial from Korean to USA with measurement in ship container temperature and fruit quality. Strategy to promote the export of Korean persimmons was derived. There have been gradual decrease in the price of persimmons due to their increases production, but there seems potential growth in consumption of the fruits from Asian, Hispanic and American people. Compared to the fruits from other countries, Korean persimmons are desired to have higher soluble solid content with stronger red color, but too large sizes are not favored in American market. There has often been temperature fluctuation in shipment container during the sea transport to USA, resulting in surface blackening, skin black spotting and flesh softening. Plastic bag packages with inappropriate unitizing crimping were found to sometimes build up unproper modified atmosphere (high O2 and low CO2) giving high rate of physiological injury.

에티오피아 정부는 농민들의 농업 생산성을 증대하기 위해 여러 가지 농업지원정 책들(agricultural package programs)을 도입해 왔다. 본 논문의 목적은 농업 생산성의 상태와 결정 요인을 고찰한 후 에티오피아 티그레이(Tigray) 지역의 패널 자료(panel data)를 사용하여 ‘통합된’ 농업지원정책들이 농업 생산성에 미치는 효과를 실증적으 로 추정하는데 있다. 이를 위해 두 가지 추정방법을 사용하였다. 첫째, 티그레이 지역에서 농업지원정책들이 농업 생산성에 미치는 효과를 실증적으로 분석하기 위해 고정효과(fixed effect) 추정방법을 사용하였다. 둘째, 농업지원정책에 참가하는 농민들의 평균적인 수혜효과를 추정하기 위해 Propensity Score Matching(PSM) 추정방법을 사용하였다. 이러한 추정방법을 사용하여 추정한 결과 다음 두 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 에티오피아 정부가 제공하는 농업지원정책들은 티그레이 지역의 농업 생산성 에 양(+)의 효과를 미치고 있으며, 이는 통계적으로도 유의하다. 이러한 추정 결과는 농업지원정책들에 ‘참가한’ 농민들의 생산성이 참여하지 않은 농민들보다 더 크다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, PSM 추정 결과 농업지원정책들의 수혜효과가 참여 농민들에게 양(+)의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 논문의 추정 결과는 에티오피아 의 농업 생산성 증대에 유용한 지침으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Ethiopian government has introduced various agricultural package programs in promoting agricultural productivity of the smallholder farmers. The paper attempts to explore the status and determinants of agricultural productivity, and estimate the impact of integrated agricultural package programs on farm productivity by using extensive panel data in the Eastern zone of Tigray in Ethiopia. Thus far, there have been no researches attempted to analyze the impact of the integrated agricultural package programs introduced to the farmers on various outcome variables in Tigray region in Ethiopia by using panel data. In doing so, we used two estimation methods: (i) the fixed effect (FE) estimation model to empirically evaluate the impact of household-based agricultural package programs on farm productivity in Tigray region, and (ii) the propensity score matching (PSM) method to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Our econometric estimates show the following two practical results. Firstly, household-based agricultural package programs have a positive and statistically significant impact on farm productivity in the Eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. This implies that the agricultural household package participant households have higher productivity than the non-beneficiaries. Secondly, the propensity score matching (PSM) estimation result ensures that the ATT is positive and statistically significant for the package participant smallholder farmers. In the end, these outcomes provide governments with some useful guides to promote farm productivity in Tigray, Ethiopia.

Powdered infant formula is susceptible to oxidation in the presence of oxygen. Even though the product is usually packaged in nitrogen atmosphere, the oxygen ingress through the package layer may occur in case of flexible pouches and affects the oxidation of the product. O2 barrier of the package is thus important variable to protect the product from oxidative deterioration. O2 barrier property was investigated for aluminum-laminated small pillow packs of 3.5×17.5 cm. Storage temperature and combination of primary and secondary packages were evaluated as variables affecting the barrier for conditions of empty pouch flushed with nitrogen. Apparent oxygen transmission rate of the primary package exposed to air was 2.32×10-3 mL (STP) atm-1 d-1 at 30°C and its temperature dependence could be explained by activation energy of 28.5 kJ mol-1 in Arrhenius relationship. The additional secondary package of nylon/PE film containing 20 primary packages was ineffective in modulating package O2 transmission and was only marginally helpful when combined with oxygen scavenger. The same was true in suppressing the product oxidation when the primary package was filled with 14 g of the formula.

Many IT specialists say that ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is the best way to manage resources in enterprise effectively Lots of companies are using ERP solutions in the hope of getting competitiveness and employing global standard business practice. Wishing to take advantage of ERP S/W, companies have a preference for purchasing it and outsourcing ERP project. This paper focuses on ERP Package assessment model in business firms. This paper finds out what differences there are in purchasing ERP S/W for organization characteristics and building characteristics, and suggests some guidelines of S/W development to vendors. The results would be strong implications for ERP vendors. Especially this paper identifies what the reasons and the checkpoints are when firms introduce ERP S/W. To do this, this paper uses empirical data obtained from companies in South Korea and analyzes it using statistical software.

Background/Objectives: This study was conducted for the purpose of designing and evaluating the MIRA Learning Package as an alternative learning tool and a robotic simulation technology solution in providing a set of experience to facilitate the student's learning development experience for STEM Education. Methods/Statistical analysis: The study used the Descriptive and the Design methods of Research. The Design method was used in the construction of a functional prototype, designed specifically to serve as an industrial-like robotic manipulator training kit for students’ simulation exercises. Findings: Descriptive method with the use of a questionnaire was used in the analysis of the data gathered. The analysis of data revealed the findings that the Mini-Industrial Robotic Arm (MIRA) Learning Package is an innovative educational platform aimed at providing diverse learning experiences to facilitate student's acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitude for the design, analysis, application and operation of a robot arm. Improvements/Applications: Instructional Manual serves as the students’ guide in learning the concept of robotics and its application in other STEM related subjects.

The method to characterize the fresh produce respiration was presented with possible application of modified atmosphere package design. Particularly the respiration model based on enzyme kinetics was introduced as function of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. The method to estimate the equilibrated package atmosphere for any package conditions was presented by incorporation of O2 and CO2 permeabilities of the packaging film. Temperature dependences for fresh produce respiration and gas permeation were given by Arrhenius equation and then used to analyze the effect of temperature on the package atmosphere. An example analysis was presented for better understanding of the concept.

Corrugated boards are used for packaging because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, recyclability, and biodegradability. They have an orthotropic sandwich structure with unique characteristics for each direction owing to their flute shape. In this study, the bending behavior was qualitatively analyzed for various variables through an FE-based simulation, and the possibility of an alternative test method for the four-point bending test (FPBT) on a corrugated board was examined through a similarity analysis with the experimental results. The cross-machine direction (CD) bending stiffness through finite element (FE)-based simulation was closely related to the overall thickness of the corrugated board. In ABflute- double-wall (AB/F-DW), the difference in CD bending stiffness based on the bending direction was approximately 17.2% in the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and approximately 11.7% in the experiment. However, the differences in the bending behavior (bending force vs. deflection plot) and bending stiffness based on the phase shift between the two flutes constituting BB-flute-double-wall (BB/F-DW) were insignificant. Overall, the CD bending behavior of the target corrugated boards was simulated relatively well through FEA simulation. However, FE-based simulation for the MD bending behavior was not possible due to variability in contact conditions due to non-uniformity in the MD cross-section of the FE-modeled test specimen. The bending behavior FE-based simulation technology of the target corrugated boards developed in a standard state (23oC-rh 50%) through this study will be extended to various environmental conditions and materials through follow-up studies and applied to simulation technology development for stacking durability analysis of multistacked corrugated packages.

Enzyme kinetics-based respiration model can be effectively used for estimating respiration rate in O2 consumption and CO2 production of fresh produce as a function of O2 and CO2 concentrations. Arrhenius equation can be applied to describe the temperature dependence of the respiration rate. Parameters of enzyme kinetics-based respiration model and activation energy of Arrhenius equation were compiled from analysis of literature data and closed system experiment. They enable to estimate the respiration rate for any modified atmosphere conditions at temperature of interest and thus can be used for design of modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce.

본 연구는 여행사가 패키지투어 상품에 대한 정보를 고객에게 제공할 때 반드시 포함시켜야 하는 정보를 확인하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 고객만족 이론 중 가치-지각 불 균형 이론(value-percept disparity theory)을 패키지투어 상품에 적용함으로서, 패키 지투어의 실행이 여행객의 만족에 영향을 미칠 때에 패키지투어의 선택속성이 조절변 수로 작용할 것이라는 가설을 검증하였다. 실증분석결과, 패키지투어의 선택속성 중 호텔, 음식, 관광활동, 쇼핑, 보험이 패키지투어의 실행과 상호작용하여 여행객만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 여행사는 고객에게 패키지투어상품에 대한 정보를 전달할 때 호텔, 음식, 관광활동, 쇼핑, 보험에 대한 구체적인 정보를 제공해야 여행객의 만족도를 높일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.