Earticle

The existence of incompleteness of feature composition in probes and goals is discussed in the minimalist view. We discuss why such incompleteness of probes and goals is in the human computational system and what it entails in the human language design. To find the answer to the first question, we will discuss whether such incompleteness of feature composition can cause a serious imperfection problem to the ‘well-designed' language system. In the second question, through the derivation of the there-construction, we will find that in the absence of the incompleteness of probes and goals in certain situations the computational system requires a stipulation at the narrow syntax.

The purpose of this paper is to claim that there is little reason to think that control is a special phenomenon of movement. The approaches advocated by Hornstein(1999, 2001) and Chomsky(2000, 2001) have a certain appeal, but they are not without serious problems. Hornstein’s movement analysis of control constructions overgenerates ungrammatical sentences and has theory-internal problems. His “control as movement” approach presents no obvious way to block the incorrect outputs of control. Chomsky’s analysis of control structure as a consequence of the syntactic operation “Agree” also has some conceptual problems based on the movement analysis of PRO, which assumes that after PRO agrees with control T, PRO moves to the Spec of TP to meet the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) and then PRO is assigned with the null Case. The argument against the PRO-movement analyses is based on the empirical evidence from the behavior of floating quantifier all (Baltin(1995)), and conceptual consideration that the EPP is a phonological requirement (Lasnik(1999)). They are discussed to show the evidence that PRO does not move to the subject position of control T which does not allow the EPP-feature unlike other finite clauses and that PRO agrees in the base-generated position in order for its derivation to be converged.

Chomsky (2000, 2001a, b)는 이동을 일치, 확정 그리고 동반이동 이라는 복합적 작용으로 정의한다. 그러나, 일치를 전제한 이동은 문법의 연산의 짐을 더욱 가중시키고 있음을 there-구문에서 볼 수 있다. 즉, 허사 there는 Xo이고 그것의 [인칭] 자질은 비해석성 자질임을 허용할 때, there-구문에서 일치의 과정으로부터 파생되는 많은 문제점들은 이동이 일어날 때 일치와 관계가 없음을 보여준다. 그러므로 there의 자질을 비해석성 [인칭] 자질을 가진 것이 아니라, 기능 범주의 확대투사원리 자질을 가진 것으로 가정하면, 많은 문제점이 간단하게 해결됨을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서 허사 there는 일치의 과정을 겪지 않고 동시 삭제 적용 가설 하에 DP의 지정어 위치에서 T의 지정어 위치로 기능 범주의 확대투사자질을 충족시키기 위해서만 외현적으로 이동하는 것임을 주장한다. 결과적으로, 허사 there-구문에서 이동은 일치를 반드시 전제조건으로 설정할 필요가 없어진다.

Cohousing is based on collaborative network, or fictive kin in the community. It could facilitate the goal of self-sufficiency. This research aims to investigate the motivation of move to cohousing communities in Sweden, and to find out if there are any significant differences according to two different cohousing types; between the +40 cohousing and the mixed-age cohousing. The +40 cohousing is a kind of senior cohousing in which residents are supposed to be aged over 40. Questionnaire survey was applied and 242 collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. Notable differences in demographic and dwelling variables are found between the 2 groups. There are more women, singles, academics, and small dwellings in the +40 cohousing than in the mixed-age cohousing. Referring motivation of move, "sharing common activity" and "idea of cohousing" are commonly noticed as the main reasons why people move to cohousing communities. Major difference between the 2 groups is that residents of the +40 cohousing tend to stress more on social interaction with neighbors than practical merit. On the contrary, ones of the mixed-age cohousing focus more on practical advantage than social interaction. As a conclusion, it is evident that motivation of move to cohousing communities is different by cohousing types, which have different residents' characteristics. Cohousing could contribute to elevate marginal group's quality of life as an alternative living environment. Therefore, cohousing design has to be tailored to adapt residents' specific needs of different life-stages. In order to implement cohousing model into other countries, for instance into Korea, it needs to experiment with the notion of transplanting selected cohousing principles to a public housing development. In the mixed-age cohousing where more dual income families with young children than conventional housing developments reside, residents would need more practical advantage than emotional support in the community, while as residents in the senior cohousing need vice versa.

This study examined the effects of animated vs. non-animated brand placed in a mobile game on brand recall and attitudes toward the game and the brand, and tested the mediating role of attitudes toward the game. Findings demonstrated that the use of animated brand generated higher brand recall and more positive attitudes toward the game and the brand. The positive influence of animated brand on attitudes toward the brand was mediated by positive attitudes toward the game. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A rhetorical segment in traditional abstract displaying a sign of particular function is frequently referred to as a move. One of the most common moves is the Background, Aim, Method, Results, and Conclusion (BAMRC). The objective of this paper is to investigate the move patterns of research article abstracts in the field of social sciences based on BAMRC moves. Using the Scopus bibliographic database, a total of 467 abstracts from 298 research journals in the field of social sciences were analyzed. The result showed a wide range of move patterns. The implication of the result of this study suggests the existing traditional abstracts in social sciences might not be sufficiently “informative” due to missing moves and due to various move orders. To this end, automatically mapping moves in traditional abstracts to sub-headings in structured abstracts can be a more challenging task, requiring additional procedures to resolve these types of compatibility issues. Future studies can compare this study’s result to other fields or disciplines within social sciences in order to find a more precise nature of abstracts in the field of social sciences.

Copy?Move Forgery Detection (CMFD) helps to detect copied and pasted areas in one image. It plays a crucial role in legal evidence, forensic investigation, defence, and many more places. In the proposed CMFD method, a two-step identification of forgery is presented. In step one, the suspected image will be classified into either one of two classes that are forged or authentic. Step two is carried out? only if the suspected is classified as forged, then forged location will be identified using the block-matching procedure. Initially, the suspected image is decomposed into different orientations using Steerable Pyramid Transform (SPT); Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features are extracted from each orientation. These features are used to train Optimized Support Vector Machine (OSVM) as well as to classify. If the suspected image is categorized into forged, then the suspected grey image is converted into overlapping blocks, and from each block, GLCM features are extracted. The proper similarity threshold value and distance threshold value can locate the forged region using GLCM block features. The performance of the proposed method is tested using standard datasets CoMoFoD and CASIA Datasets. The proposed CMFD approach results are consistent, even the forged image suffered from attacks like JPEG compression, scaling, and rotation. The OSVM classifier is showing superiority over the Optimized Naive Bayes Classifier (ONBC), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).

With the rapid development of the science and technology, it has been becoming more and more convenient to obtain abundant information via the diverse multimedia medium. However, the contents of the multimedia are easily altered with different editing software, and the authenticity and the integrity of multimedia content are under threat. Forensics technology is developed to solve this problem. We focus on reviewing the blind image forensics technologies for copy-move forgery in this survey. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common manners to manipulate images that usually obscure the objects by flat regions or append the objects within the same image. In this paper, two classical models of copy-move forgery are reviewed, and two frameworks of copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) methods are summarized. Then, massive CMFD methods are mainly divided into two types to retrospect the development process of CMFD technologies, including block-based and keypoint-based. Besides, the performance evaluation criterions and the datasets created for evaluating the performance of CMFD methods are also collected in this review. At last, future research directions and conclusions are given to provide beneficial advice for researchers in this field.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically develop an obesity prevention program for adolescents to promote healthy eating and physical activity in schools. Methods: The development of the Let's Eat Healthy and Move at School program for adolescents followed the six steps of intervention mapping (IM). IM is a widely used protocol for developing systematic and effective interventions based on theories and evidence. Results: To better understand the problem and identify the needs of adolescents, interviews were conducted with teachers, school nurses, and students (step 1). In step 2, the desired behaviors and their determinants were established and combined into a matrix comprising 16 change objectives. In step 3, theoretical methods such as persuasive communication and consciousness-raising were chosen. The program was segmented into three educational activity sessions in step 4. In step 5, an implementation manual was developed for program instructors to ensure effective and accurate implementation. Finally, practices for evaluating the program's effectiveness and procedures were designed in step 6. Conclusion: The Let’s Eat Healthy and Move at School program will provide adolescents with guidelines to promote healthy living and prevent obesity in everyday life using strategies for sustainable adolescent obesity prevention and management.

This study analyzed the characteristics of move in dissertation abstracts of three groups(NSD, NNSD-F, NNSD-K). A total of 90 abstracts in the field of applied linguistics were collected and analyzed based on the Pho’s(2008) abstract move analysis framework. The results showed that there was no significant difference regarding the frequency of the moves. However, there were some differences in move patterns: NSD and NNSD-F showed various move patterns, but NNSD-K showed only three dominant move patterns in their dissertation abstracts. Moreover, this study revealed that Move 2, 3, 4 were the most frequent moves in every group. Also, there were a variety of lexical expressions in all three groups' abstracts and they helped all abstracts flow smoothly in their structures. In terms of the tense, simple past tense was most frequently presented in Move 2, 3, 4 and this was the opposite results compared to those of studies on research article abstracts. In case of the text length of abstracts, NNSD-K had the tendency to write abstracts longer than other two groups, but the results revealed that the text length did not affect diversities of move patterns of abstracts. Implications are suggested based on the findings of this study.

본 연구는 국내 대학의 일본 취업 연수 과정에서 자기분석 교육이 체계적으로 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정에 주목하여, 연수 과정에 자기분석 지도 방안을 적용하고 사례 분석을 통해 그 효과를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 K-Move 스쿨 연수생을 대상으로 자기분석의 필요성을 설명하고, 적성검사 진단 툴과 ‘자기분석표’를 적용한 구체적인 지도 사례를 제시한 후, 설문조사를 실시하여 지도 효과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 연수 초반 자기분석의 중요성에 대한 인식 제고와 실행 방법에 대한 실천적 지도의 필요성 및 적성검사 진단 툴의 실용성이 확인되었다. 특히 자기분석표 작성 활동과 이에 대한 피드백 지도를 통한 자기분석표 활용은 연수생의 자기 성찰을 촉진하고, 이력서 및 면접 준비를 구체화하는 데 효과적으로 작용함으로써 취업 준비 전반에 실질적인 영향을 미친 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 일본어 비전공 초급 학습자가 다수를 이루는 일본 취업 연수 교육 현장에서 자기분석 지도에 활용될 수 있는 참고 자료로서의 의의를 지닌다.

This study focuses on the current situation where self-analysis education is not systematically conducted in Japanese employment training programs at Korea universities, and aims to apply self-analysis guidance methods to the training process and examine its effectiveness through case analysis. To this end, a specific case of applying the self-analysis guidance method to K-Move school trainees was presented, and then a survey was conducted to analyze the effect of guidance. The results of the study confirmed the need to raise awareness of the importance of self-analysis in the early stages of training, the need for practical guidance on how to implement it, and the practicality of the aptitude test tool. In particular, self-analysis worksheets and feedback were found to support overall job preparation by promoting self-reflection and clarifying resume and interview preparation. Based on these results, this study holds significance as reference material for self-analysis guidance in training programs in which many beginner learners are not majoring in Japanese.

本研究は、韓国大学における日本就職のための研修課程において自己分析教育が体系的に実施されていない実態に着目し、研修課程に自己分析指導の方策を導入し、事例分析を通じてその効果を考察することを目的とする。そのため、K-Moveスクールの研修生を対象に自己分析指導を適用した具体的な指導事例を提示したうえで、アンケート調査を実施し、指導効果を分析した。 研究の結果、研修初期における自己分析の重要性に対する認識の向上、実施方法に対する実践的指導の必要性、および適性検査ツールの実用性が確認された。特に、自己分析表の作成活動とフィードバック指導を通じた自己分析表の活用は、研修生の自己省察を促進し、履歴書および面接準備を具体化するうえで効果的に機能し、就職準備全般に実質的な助けとなったことが確認された。以上の結果を踏まえ、本研究は、日本語非専攻の初級学習者が多数を占める日本就職研修教育の現場において、自己分析指導に活用し得る参考資料としての意義を有する。

일본 취업을 희망하는 학생에게 있어서 자기분석은 일본 취업 준비의 첫 단계라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 일본 취업 연수프로그램에서 교육으로 중요하게 다루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 K-Move 스쿨 일본 IT 연수 과정의 일본어 비전공 학생들을 대상으로 연수생들의 자기분석 실행 현황을 살펴보고, 실질적인 취업 요구에 맞는 자기분석 지도 방안을 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. 일본 취업 연수 과정을 경험한 연수생들은 자기분석 실행이 연수 초반부터 필요하며, 이러한 실행 작업은 이력서･면접스크립트 작성에 도움이 된다는 것을 인식하였다. 따라서 연수 과정에서 자기분석의 방향을 제시할 교육이 필요함을 검토하였다. 이에 따라 자기분석의 필요성을 재차 강조하고 일본의 적성검사 활용에 대한 실례를 소개한 후, 연수생들이 제시한 자기분석 방법을 참고하여 ‘자기분석표’ 지도 방안을 마련하였다. 1단계에서 5단계에 걸쳐 학생･교수자의 역할과 피드백 지도의 유의점을 제언하였다.

Self-analysis can be said to be the first step in preparing for employment in Japan. However, it is not given an important role as education in Japanese employment training programs. The purpose of this study is to examine the execution status of self-analysis for trainees in the K-Move School Japanese IT training course and to prepare a self-analysis guidance plan that meets practical employment needs. Trainees who experienced the training course recognized that self-analysis execution was necessary from the beginning of the training, and that this execution work was helpful in writing resume and interview scripts. Therefore, it was examined that there is a need for education to provide the direction of self-analysis. Accordingly, after re-emphasizing the necessity of self-analysis and introducing the use of Japan’s aptitude test, a ‘self-analysis table’ guidance plan was prepared by referring to the self-analysis method suggested by the trainees. From Step 1 to Step 5, the role of students and instructors and the points to note in feedback guidance were suggested.

日本就職を希望する学生にとって、自己分析は日本での就職準備の第一段階といえる。しかし、日本就職研修プログラムでは教育として重要に扱われていないのが現状である。 本研究では、K-Moveスクールの日本IT研修課程に参加する日本語非専攻の学生を対象に、研修生の自己分析の実行現況を調べ、実際の就職ニーズに合った自己分析の指導方案を用意することに目的がある。日本就職の研修課程を経験した研修生たちは、研修の初期段階から自己分析が必要であり、この作業が履歴書や面接スクリプトの作成に役立つことを認識していた。したがって、研修過程で自己分析の方向を提示する教育が必要であることを検討した。 そこで、自己分析の必要性を改めて強調し、日本の適性検査の活用に対する実例を紹介した後、研修生たちが提示した自己分析の方法を参考に｢自己分析表｣指導方策を策定した。1段階から5段階にかけて、学生･教授者の役割とフィードバック指導の留意点を提言した。

Genres are now generally considered to consist of a series of obligatory and optional moves, with each move contributing to the overall communicative purpose of the genre. One concept which has been found to be useful from a language teaching perspective is the notion of the ‘move register’- the list of lexico-grammatical features found in each move of a particular genre. This paper aims to review four ways in which move registers can be used in language teaching. Firstly, the paper looks at some early work in move register analysis which recommends teachers teach the language of the moves and not the language of the genre. Secondly, the paper explores the concept of language learners as ethnographers. By using the move as the main unit of analysis, learners can be made aware of the dynamic nature of genres by using move registers to track historical change in generic structure and in important linguistic features. Thirdly, the role move registers can play in identifying problems in cross-cultural communication is highlighted using examples of scientists in Asia applying for research positions in Britain. Finally, the paper looks at how the large amounts of data mined from move register analyses can be presented to learners meaningfully.

This paper presents a critical analysis of Lee Sedol’s 2025 Memoir, published a decade after his historic match against AlphaGo. Unlike Garry Kasparov’s Deep Thinking (2017), which seeks the truth behind defeat, Lee’s narrative is characterized by ‘narrative revisionism’ and memory reconstruction designed to provide a post-hoc justification for a heroic myth. By retroactively framing Move 68 as a pre-planned gambit to justify the Divine Move (Move 78), Lee’s account exemplifies the cognitive distortions Charan Ranganath warns against and instantiates the logic of the Orwellian memory hole. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic power, this study examines how Lee’s authority as a dominant narrator neutralizes public critical distance and entrenches an unverified narrative. Ultimately, the paper argues that the replacement of criticism with myth leads to a profound intellectual poverty in discourse on human-machine relations in the AI era and calls for a correction of this constructed and subversive narrative that has taken hold amid collective social silence.

CVR은 실제 환경에서 파노라마 카메라를 이용해 영상을 촬영하여 만들 수 있어 컴퓨터 그래픽 또는 게임 엔진 등을 이용해서 가상환경을 새롭게 구성하지 않고 만들 수 있는 것이 장점이다. 근래 Google Cardboard 와 같은 간이형 VR장치의 보급을 통해 사람들은 모바일 폰을 통해서 쉽게 VR을 접하게 되었고 특히 Facebook 또는 Google Youtube 와 같이 다양한 플랫폼들에서 제공하는 360° 영상 콘텐츠를 통해서 사용자 는 다양한 CVR 체험을 즐길 수 있게 되었다. 하지만 사람의 제한된 시야 및 디스플레이 장치의 크기 등에 의해 사용자는 VR 환경의 일부분만 보게 된다. 게임의 경우에는 시야 밖의 중요한 적이나 환경 변화가 생길 경우 사용자가 이를 놓치지 않도록 UI나 아바타에 별도의 시각적 표지를 추가하여 사용자의 주의를 환기하 지만 CVR에서는 이 방법을 적용하기 힘들다. 우리는 이 연구에서 사용자의 몰입을 방해하지 않으며 POI에 사용자의 포커스를 유도하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 가상현실 내에서 POI로 부터 발생하는 Halo형태의 가이 드 표지는 움직임에 대한 인지반응을 이용하여 CVR 환경에서 사용자의 포커스를 POI로 유도한다. 또한 이 방법은 사용자의 시선에 상관없이 POI를 기반으로 시각적 마커를 생성하므로 추가 메타 정보 및 시선 추적 없이 콘텐츠 이미지를 수정하여 CVR에 적용 할 수 있습니다.

Recently, people can easily access Virtual Reality(VR) via their mobile phone with the simple VR devices such as Google Cardboard. Cinematic Virtual Reality(CVR) is a type of VR that is composed of 360° images taken with a panoramic camera. In VR, the user sees only part of the VR environment according to the field of view. In this limited view, when the Point of Interest (POI) of the video content is out of sight, the user needs to be guided to avoid missing important content. For example, in the case of a game, a guide is needed so that the user can not miss it if there is an important enemy or environmental change out of sight. However, markers that occupy too much space or continuously visualize in the head-mounted display environment interfere with immersion. If the visual marker that assisting focus has characters or symbols, they can be recognized only in the center of the user's view field. We propose a method to induce user's focus to move to POI in CVR environment using weak visual marking with dynamic motion. We use a visual marker consisting of multiple sphere halos moving in 3D space, varying in size depending on the POI and distance. This minimized and prevented the area where visual markers constantly cover the screen through motion. The proposed method for assisting focus that is intuitively recognizable and applicable at low cost. In addition, this method creates a visual marking based on the POI, regardless of the user's gaze, so the content image can be modified and applied to CVR without additional meta information and tracking.