Earticle

The purpose of this study is to develop an objective instrument to measure ICT utilization ability of day carecenter teachers and verify its validity and goodness of fit. With the developed scale, the survey was conductedwith 297 day care center teachers. As a result, the reliability of all questions was over .6, and the constructvalidity of the instrument consisting of 20 questions in 4 factors was verified in exploratory factor analysis. As aresult of performing confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that GFI=.949, AGFI=.898, and RMR=.029,indicating that the goodness of fit index is sufficient to be used as a measuring model. The scales of ICTutilization ability are composed of 4 factors: Factor 1 is called editing, Factor 2 is program application, Factor 3is installation and maintenance, and Factor 4 is named communication. With these factors, the measuring devicefor ICT utilization ability of day care center teachers, which is composed of a total of 20 questions, is confirmed.

Objective To develop and test the validity and reliability of a new instrument for measuring the thigh-foot angle (TFA) for the patients with in-toeing and out-toeing gait.Methods The new instrument (Thigh-Foot Supporter [TFS]) was developed by measuring the TFA during regular examination of the tibial torsional status. The study included 40 children who presented with in-toeing and out-toeing gaits. We took a picture of each case to measure photographic-TFA (P-TFA) in the proper position and to establish a criterion. Study participants were examined by three independent physicians (A, B, and C) who had one, three and ten years of experience in the field, respectively. Each examiner conducted a separate classical physical examination (CPE) of every participant using a gait goniometer followed by a TFA assessment of each pediatric patient with or without the TFS. Thirty minutes later, repeated in the same way was measured.Results Less experienced examiner A showed significant differences between the TFA values depending on whether TFS used (left p=0.003 and right p=0.008). However, experienced examiners B and C did not show significant differences. Using TFS, less experienced examiner A showed a high validity and all examiner’s inter-test and the inter-personal reliabilities increased. Conclusion TFS may increase validity and reliability in measuring tibial torsion in patients who has a rotational problem in lower extremities. It would be more useful in less experienced examiners.

Purpose: Clinical nurses who are mothers of preschool-aged children experience extreme parenting stress linked to their hospital work environment and shift work, differing from that generally experienced by mothers. This study aimed to develop and validate a parenting stress scale that considers the clinical nurses’ form of work and its characteristics. Methods: The scale items were initially derived from in-depth interviews and a literature review and were revised and modified based on the results of content validity testing by experts. The developed instrument was evaluated using data from 157 clinical nurses in South Korea who were mothers of preschool-aged children. Results: In the instrument validation stage, 19 items categorized in four factors (psychological burden, physical and mental fatigue, work shift, and work environment) were derived from construct validity, and the cumulative explanatory power was 56.6%. Furthermore, the convergent and discriminant validity and external construct were confirmed. Cronbach’s a of the final instrument was .86 (range: .81-.86). The validity and reliability of the newly developed parenting stress scale for clinical nurses were established in this study; it uses a 4-point Likert scale. A higher mean score by factor indicates a higher level of parenting stress experienced by clinical nurses. Conclusion: This instrument would be beneficial to measure the level of parenting stress among nurses who work in hospitals and evaluate factors related to their parenting stress to devise effective interventions.

Purpose Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as an effective instrument to reduce the burden of late diagnoses remains underutilized in China, much of the Asian countries, and in a sense all over the world. Modifiable psychosocial factors should be identified to improve screening utilization and reduce the burden of late diagnoses. However, valid psychosocial measures are unavailable. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the preventive health model (PHM) instrument for measuring psychosocial factors of HCC screening among patients with hepatitis B. Methods This study was conducted from June 2020 to April 2021 in three rigorous phases: (1) committee-based translation from English to Chinese; (2) cognitive interviews (n = 33) and Delphi expert consultations (n = 7) for cultural adaptation; and (3) a cross-sectional study (n = 305) for validation. Results In phase I, two items were reworded, and two retranslated for semantic equivalence. In phase II, issues related to comprehension, sensitive wording, wording clarity, question relevance, and cultural sensitivity were addressed by including pictures, rewording five items, and developing seven items. In phase III, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a five-factor 20-item solution: it explained 76.9% of the variance; had adequate factor loading (.60?.91), convergent and discriminant validity; satisfactory model fit indices; and reliability (Cronbach's α, .86?.91). Known-group analysis showed that patients with optimal HCC screening behavior had significantly higher scores on each subscale than those not having such. Conclusion The Chinese PHM instrument is culturally sensitive, reliable, and valid to measure the psychosocial factors of HCC screening. It can help nurses and researchers to tailor strategies to improve clinical HCC screening practices in high-risk HCC regions.

Objective: To assess mobility in prosthetic limb users, the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M) was developed as a brief item bank. The PLUS-M exhibits good reliability and has been translated into more than 15 languages; however, a Korean translation is not yet available. Therefore, this study translated the 44 items of PLUS-M into the Korean language and analysed the psychometric properties of the PLUS-M/Short Form 12 (PLUS-M/SF- 12) instrument through official procedures.Methods: The process of Korean translation began with a consultation with the developer of the PLUS-M and included the first and second compatibility verification, back-translation, back-translation verification by the developer, and the final approval of the Korean version. This study tested validity using different instruments such as Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, 2-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test to assess various characteristics related to mobility. The translated version PLUS-M was then sent to two physical therapists working at Incheon Hospital and one prosthetist working at a Rehabilitation Engineering Center for them to assess the appropriateness of term use and understanding of the instrument.Results: The study found excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the PLUS-M/SF-12 Korean version questionnaire, indicating its reliability and predictability across repeated measurements.Conclusion: This study provided a tool to assess the mobility of individuals with lower limb amputations.

운전자들이 회전교차로에 접근하는 운전행동을 측정하고 그 특징을 분석하기 위한 목 적으로 연구가 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 먼저, 운전자의 회전교차로 접근 시 차내 행동을 측정하기 위한 측정시스템을 개발하였다. 개 발한 시스템에 대한 신뢰도 분석을 실시하고 이를 이용하여 회전교차로에 대한 주행 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 “액 셀”의 경우 진입부 전방의 176.0±35.18m 부근에서 부터 인지반응행동을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, “브레이크”의 경 우는 121.0±26.01m, 속도의 경우 66.0±18.31m 지점 부근에서 운전자의 거동이 이루 어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 운전자들이 회전교차로에 행동거동 시점과 종점 지점에서의 인지 변화에 대해 서는 행동시점의 표준편차는 평 균 ±26.01m, 종점의 표준편차는 ±7.03m로 지점별 3.71배의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타 났다. 또한, 운전자의 운전행동 실험 결과 실험자별 차이는 있으나, 실험회수의 증가에 따른 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aimed to measure the behaviors of drivers approaching a roundabout and analyze the characteristics of them. For these objectives, a system to measure the in-vehicle behaviors of a driver when he/she approaches a roundabout. The reliability of the system was analyzed, and the result were applied to a driving test in a roundabout. The result suggested that drivers showed cognitive responses to the accelerator pedal 176.0±35.18m ahead of the approach zone. And they showed cognitive responses to the brake pedal and the speed of the vehicle 121.0±26.01m and 66.0 ±18.31m ahead of the approach zone, respectively. As for drivers’ cognitive changes between the start and end points of their cognitive responses at a roundabout, the standard deviation of the time of response was ±26.01m, and the standard deviation of the end point was ±7.03m, which meant that there was a 3.71-fold gap between the two deviation values. During the test, differences among the drivers were observed, but no difference was observed among trails.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine caregiving concepts further and to develop an instrument measuring the consequences of caregiving for Korean stroke caregivers. Method: For item construction, components were drawn from an extensive review of the literature, existing instruments and the result of qualitative approach. A total 72 items were selected for the first draft. Twenty-eight experts evaluated this instrument for content validity and the number of items was reduced to 40. To further refine and test reliability and validity of the instrument, data were collected from the 161 family members providing care for the stroke patients. Result: Using corrected items to total correlation coefficient, this instrument was further shortened to a 35 item scale. From principal component factor analysis of the instrument the items were clustered into seven factors as follows: social activity, family support, patient’s future, caregiver’s future, financial status, patient’s dependency, physical health. The instrument also showed a high internal consistency of Cronbach’s .931. Conclusion: This instrument demonstrates good reliability and validity, and therefore it is an appropriate measurement of caregiving impact in the family of stroke patients.

이 연구에서는 산업과 교육과정의 변화에 따라 공업교사가 갖추어야 할 직무수행능력을 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고, 요인을 추출하여 공업교사의 직무수행능력 향상에 도움을 주고자 하였다.먼저 문헌연구와 11명의 전문가 집단을 통하여 도구를 개발하였고, 194명의 교사를 대상으로 직무수행능력에 대한 내용 타당도와 수준에 대하여 조사를 실시하였다. 그리고 요인분석을 통하여 5개의 요인을 추출하였다. 요인 1은 교수-학습 및 평가, 요인 2는 학급운영 및 대인관계, 요인 3은 전문교과 및 산학협동 운영, 요인 4는 전문성 신장 및 장인정신, 그리고 요인 5는 교육과정으로 명명하였다. 직무수행능력의 수준에 있어서는 기능사 자격 취득을 위한 지도 능력이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 교육과정의 이해능력이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다.이 연구의 결과 나타난 직무수행능력의 수준을 분석하여 공업계 고등학교 교사 재교육과 공업교사 양성대학의 교육과정 편성 및 운영에 반영한다면 공업교사의 직무수행능력을 극대화하고, 신입 공업교사들의 직무수행능력 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Measurement is used for evaluation of product or process exactly. If it couldn't measured correctly, Quality-cost must be raised and it would be hard to improve product quality. So, this study suggests improvement guide line for the multilateral problems of measuring instrument operation based on the investigation of 157 small and medium-sized enterprises in February, 2008. To use inspection gig correctly, man who treat it must be accustomed with the structure, the performance, the method. The inspection gig is selected properly for the measurement goal. If not, results couldn't be correctly or wasted time, efforts, and costs. When selecting a inspection gig, the locating, the clamping, and the efficiency must be considered.

Measurement is a essential part in all kinds of industry, especially in manufacturing. But until now, measurement hasn't been located to the core of manufacturing in domestic. This study suggests improvement guide line for the multilateral problems of measuring instrument operation based on the investigation of small and medium-sized enterprises. To use measuring instrument correctly, man who treat it must be accustomed with the structure, the performance, the method. The measuring instrument must be corrected periodically. The correcting-schedule is established with environments with considering accuracy, stability, purpose, condition, and frequency.

In these days, the interest on medical industry is increasing around the world. This paper attempts to estimate the economic effects of the medical and measuring instrument industry through the Input-Output Analysis. Especially, 78*78 Sector Tables were used as the first analysis tool. So then, 79*79 Sector Tables adjusted were used for that industry. The main analysis tools of this study are comparing and analyzing backward and forward linkage effect, the induced effect of the self industry and other industries and the induced coefficients such as products, value-added, employee's pay, sales surplus, employment. According to the result of analysis, the medical and measuring instrument industry has great economic impacts which affects the major macroeconomic factors such as production and backward linkage effect. And the induced effects of the self medical and measuring instrument industry are significant compared to other industries in aspects of production, employee's pay and sales surplus.

수많은 제조업체들에 3차원 측정기가 보급되고, 3D 모델링(Modeling) 소프트웨어의 보급에 따라 3차원 측정기에서의 모델링(Modeling) 활용이 가속화 되고 있다. 하지만 모델링(Modeling) Data 활용으로 3차원 측정 방식에 많은 변화가 있으나. 여전히 Auto Cad 2D 도면이 필요한 상황에는 큰 변화가 없다. 현장에서 측정업무를 담당하는 작업자들에게 똑같은 도면을 보여주고 읽고 해석하라고 한다면 초급, 중급, 고급의 숙련자 모두 의견이 다를 것이고 측정도면의 이해도, 기하공차 등의 활성화로 도면은 점차적으로 복잡한 형태로 변경되어 가고 있다. 본 논문에서는 3차원측정기(CMM) PMI(Product Manufacturing information) 기법을 활용한 Drawing을 통해 품질 측정 및 생산성향상에 대한 사례를 연구하였다. 정밀 측정 산업 측정분야에서 가장 필요로 하는 핵심적인 요 소는 정확도와 측정시간이다. 이를 통해 기존 제품(Product) 측정대비 PMI Drawing 기법 활용 시 생산성 향상에 대한 개선을 확인 하였다.

3D measuring machines are being distributed to many manufacturers, and the use of modeling in 3D measuring machines is accelerating according to the spread of 3D modeling software. However, there are many changes in the 3D measurement method due to the use of modeling data. Still have Auto Cad 2D drawings There are no major changes in the necessary circumstances. If the workers in charge of the measurement work in the field are asked to show, read, and interpret the same drawings, the opinions of beginners, intermediates, and advanced experts will be different, and with the activation of understanding of the measurement plane and geometric tolerance, the drawings will gradually become more complex. It is changing. In this paper, a case of quality measurement and productivity improvement was studied through drawing using CMM (Product Manufacturing Information) technique. Accuracy and measurement time are the key factors that are most required in the field of precision measurement industry measurement. Through this, it was confirmed that productivity improvement was improved when using the PMI drawing method compared to the existing product measurement.

The purpose of the present study is to discuss the development of a measuring instrument for Korean high school students’ motivation in learning English within the framework of motivation as a contextually and temporally dynamic construct. Based on the results of a previous study, exploring Korean high school students’ English-learning motivation through exploratory factor analysis, this study examines the reliability of a survey instrument used in the previous study and the fit of five factor solutions(i.e., a measurement model consisting of five factors) and tests the significance of factor loadings through confirmatory factor analysis. The data were collected from a total of 815 Korean high school students through two different data collection waves (1st wave=367 students, 2nd wave=448 students). The results show that (1) the reliability of the instrument is above 0.70, a criterion recommended and often used for defining acceptable reliability in the literature, in all two samples; (2) the 5 factor model acceptably fits well in all samples; and (3) all factor loadings are statistically significant

본 논문에서는 풍력 발전량과 가장 밀접한 관계에 있는 풍속을 예측하기 위한 LSTM 모델을 설계하였 다. 풍속은 비선형성을 띄고 매우 간헐적인 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에 패턴이 불규칙하므로 풍력 발전량 예측에 있어서 신뢰성 있는 풍황 데이터가 절실히 필요하다. 본 연구에서 모델의 학습에 사용된 데이터는 서해안에 설치 된 풍황계측기를 통해 수집하였으며 10분 간격으로 얻은 풍속, 풍향, 기온, 습도, 기압으로 이루어진 실측데이터를 사용하였다. 제안된 LSTM 모델은 Python 머신러닝 라이브러리인 Pytorch를 이용하여 설계되었으며 하이퍼 파 라미터와 반복 횟수를 조정하면서 학습 및 테스트를 진행하였고 MSELoss와 Adam Optimizer를 통해 모델의 오 차 검증 및 최적화를 진행하였다. 학습 및 테스트 반복 결과 2,000회에서 의미 있는 MSELoss를 도출하였으며 이 를 기반으로 6시간의 발전량 예측을 수행하였고 유의미한 데이터를 취득하였다.

In this paper, an LSTM model was designed to predict the wind speed, which is most closely related to the amount of wind power generation. Since wind speed is non-linear and has a very intermittent characteristic, the pattern is irregular. The data used for model training in this study were collected through a wind condition measuring instrument installed in the west coast, and actual data consisting of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure obtained at 10-minute intervals were used. The proposed LSTM model was designed using Pytorch, a Python machine learning library, and was trained and tested while adjusting hyper parameters and iteration times. Error validation and optimization of the model were performed through MSELoss and Adam Optimizer. As a result of repeated learning and testing, meaningful MSELoss was derived 2,000 times, and based on this, 6 hours of power generation prediction was performed, and meaningful data were obtained.

This study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument for measuring students’ creative engineering problem solving propensity. The creative engineering problem solving is operationally defined in this study as a creative problem solving skill in an engineering context. To develop the instrument, first we define seven common constructs between engineering problem solving skill and creative problem solving skill through an intensive literature review; motivation, context, personal character, engineering design, engienering habits of mind, understandings of engineering and engineers, communication skill, and collaboration skill. Based on the seven constructs and the face validity test conducted by two in-service science teachers and 4 experts in science education research, 40 preliminary items were developed. Then the preliminary instrument was implemented in a science gifted highschool to measure the reliability of the instrument. From the 40 items, 34 items were selected through the initial reliability test by Cronbach’s α (>.75). Finally through the three times of factor analysis process, 28 items in five construct categories were selected; motivation (3 items), engineering design (6 items), engineering habits of mind (9 items), understandings of engineering and engineers (4 items), communication and collaboration skill (6 items). The factor analysis result showed that the reliability of each construct category was between .733 to .892., meaning that the instrument is reliable in terms of the higher structural validity (each item is categorized in an appropriate construct category). We expect that the creative engineering problem solving propensity instrument developed in this study can be used in various contexts for STEAM education research as a reliable and valid instrument

With the rising reliance on market estimation through customer analysis in customer-centered marketing, there is a rapid increase in the amount of personal data owned by corporations. There has been a corresponding rise in the customers" interest in personal information protection, and the problem of personal information leakage has risen as a serious issue. The purpose of this research is to develop a diagnosis model for personal information protection that is suited to our country"s corporate environment, and on this basis, to present diagnostic instruments that can be applied to domestic corporations. This diagnosis model is a structural equation model that schematizes the degree of synthetic effect that administration factors and estimation items have on the protection of personal information owned by corporations. We develop the model- consisting of the administration factors for personal information protection and the measurement items of each factor- using the development method of standardized structural equation model. We then present a tool through which the administration factors and estimation items verified through this model can be used in the diagnosis for personal information protection in corporations. This diagnostic tool can be utilized as a useful instrument to prevent in advance the leakage of personal information in corporations.

An overall description of a measuring instrument, wheel force transducer (WFT), developed for off-road vehicle performance testing is presented in the paper. For the research of off-road vehicle performance, it is important to determine the forces and torques as a response of the interaction between the wheel and the terrain. The WFT developed provides a solution of the direct measurement of the physical quantities. The WFT was designed as an automatic real-time data acquisition device with the wireless transmission technology. In the aspect of mechanical structure, only minor modifications of the wheel rim and two flanges were required for the installation of the WFT. The elastomeric of the sensor was designed with excellent mechanical strength for wheeled vehicles of weights ranging from 1.2 to 15 ton. Field tests were conducted after static calibration and dynamic calibration. The WFT was installed on the two front wheels of a 1.6-tone weight car. In preliminary field test, various vehicle maneuvers were executed for the validation of the validity, reliability and accuracy of the whole system, which was demonstrated by the test results. Six kinds of special testing pavements were selected to simulate the off-road situations. From the results, great potential of the WFT system is indicated in the application of off-road vehicle performance testing.