Earticle

본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 제품을 개발하여 테스팅을 하는 과정에서 소프트웨어 관리자들이 소프트웨어 및 검사 도구에 효율적인 학습기법을 이용한 NHPP 소프트웨어 모형에 대하여 연구 하였다. 적용분포는 와이블 분포를 적용한 유한고장 NHPP에 기초하였다. 소프트웨어 오류 탐색 기법은 사전에 알지 못하지만 자동적으로 발견되는 에러를 고려한 영향요인과 사전 경험에 의하여 세밀하게 에러를 발견하기 위하여 테스팅 관리자가 설정해놓은 요인인 학습효과의 특성에 대한 문제를 비교 제시 하였다. 그 결과 학습요인이 자동 에러 탐색요인보다 큰 경우가 대체적으로 효율적인 모형임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 수치적인 예에서는 고장 간격 시간 자료를 적용하고 모수추정 방법은 최우추정법을 이용하고 추세분석을 통하여 자료의 효율성을 입증한 후 평균자승오차와 (결정계수)를 이용하여 효율적인 모형을 선택 비교하였다

In this study, software products developed in the course of testing, software managers in the process of testing software test and test tools for effective learning effects perspective has been studied using the NHPP software. The Weibull distribution applied to distribution was based on finite failure NHPP. Software error detection techniques known in advance, but influencing factors for considering the errors found automatically and learning factors ,by prior experience, to find precisely the error factor setting up the testing manager are presented comparing the problem.. As a result, the learning factor is greater than automatic error that is generally efficient model could be confirmed. This paper, a numerical example of applying using time between failures and parameter estimation using maximum likelihood estimation method, after the efficiency of the data through trend analysis model selection were efficient using the mean square error and

본 연구는 체육수업시 앱(App)을 활용한 체육활동의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 학습효과 및 학습동 기 능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보고, 이를 통해 체육교과의 ICT활용 가능성에 대한 방 향성을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구는 실험과 비교집단으로 구분하였으며, 실험집단은 4주 동안 체육 수업 중 “건강 활동” 단원의 내용을 스마트 폰 앱(App)에 적용하여 활동을 실시하였고, 비교집단은 기존의 교수학습 과정안을 적용한 활동을 하였다. 측정도구로 학습효과를 알아보기 위한 하위요인 은 자신감, 재미, 건강유지 및 미적체험, 협동심, 창의성 등, 학습동기 능력을 알아보기 위한 하위요 인으로 성취동기, 통제소재, 자기효능감, 자기조절 학습전략 등을 분석하였다. 자료처리방법은 t검정 을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 첫째, 스마트 폰 앱(APP)을 적용한 체육수업의 학습효과 중 자신감, 재 미, 창의성 등의 요인에서 긍정적인 효과를 주었음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 스마트 폰 앱(APP)을 적용 한 체육수업의 학습동기 능력 중 성취동기, 자기효능감, 자기조절 학습전략 등의 요인에서 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다. 이상과 같이 운동을 몸으로 하는 것 외에 스마트 폰을 활용한 다양한 어플리케이 션을 활용이 체육에서도 가능하다는 측면에서 스마트교육의 효과를 확인할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to understand how physical education activities using apps during physical education classes affect learning effects and learning motivation skills. This study was divided into an experiment and a comparative group, and the experimental group applied the contents of the “Health Activity” section of the physical education class to a smartphone app for 4 weeks, and the comparative group applied the teaching and learning process plan. The sub-factors to find out the learning effect with a measurement tool are confidence, fun, health maintenance and aesthetic experience, cooperation, creativity, etc., as the sub-factors for learning motivational ability. Achievement motivation, control material, self-efficacy, self-regulation learning strategy Etc. were analyzed. The data processing method was t-tested. As a result of the study, first, it was found that among the learning effects of physical education classes applied with a smart phone app (APP), factors such as confidence, fun, and creativity had positive effects. Second, positive effects were found in factors such as achievement motivation, self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning strategy among the learning motivation abilities of physical education classes applied with a smart phone app (APP). As described above, in addition to exercising as a body, the effectiveness of smart education can be confirmed in that it is possible to use various applications using a smart phone in physical education.

본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 제품을 개발하여 테스팅을 하는 과정에서 소프트웨어 관리자들이 소프트웨어 및 검사 도 구에 효율적인 학습기법을 이용한 NHPP 소프트웨어 모형에 대하여 연구 하였다. 적용모형은 와이블 분포를 확장한 이중 결합 파우어 분포모형을 적용한 유한고장 NHPP에 기초하였다. 소프트웨어 오류 탐색 기법은 사전에 알지 못하지 만 자동적으로 발견되는 에러를 고려한 영향요인과 사전 경험에 의하여 세밀하게 에러를 발견하기 위하여 테스팅 관리 자가 설정해놓은 요인인 학습효과의 특성에 대한 문제를 비교 제시 하였다. 그 결과 학습요인이 자동 에러 탐색요인 보다 큰 경우가 대체적으로 효율적인 모형임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 수치적인 예에서는 고장 간격 시간 자료 를 적용하고 모수추정 방법은 최우추정법을 이용하고 추세분석을 통하여 자료의 효율성을 입증한 후 평균제곱오차와 R2(결정계수)를 이용하여 효율적인 모형을 선택 비교하였다.

In this study, software products developed in the course of testing, software managers in the process of testing s oftware test and test tools for effective learning effects perspective has been studied using the NHPP software. The doubly bounded power law distribution model makeup Weibull distribution applied to distribution was based on finite failure NHPP. Software error detection techniques known in advance, but influencing factors for considering the erro rs found automatically and learning factors ,by prior experience, to find precisely the error factor setting up the testi ng manager are presented comparing the problem. As a result, the learning factor is greater than automatic error th at is generally efficient model could be confirmed. This paper, a numerical example of applying using time between f ailures and parameter estimation using maximum likelihood estimation method, after the efficiency of the data throug h trend analysis model selection were efficient using the mean square error and R2.

본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 제품을 개발하여 테스팅을 하는 과정에서 소프트웨어 관리자들이 소프트웨어 및 검사 도 구에 효율적인 학습기법을 이용한 NHPP 소프트웨어 모형에 대하여 연구 하였다. 적용모형은 로그 형 위험함수 모형 을 적용한 유한고장 NHPP에 기초하였다. 소프트웨어 오류 탐색 기법은 사전에 알지 못하지만 자동적으로 발견되는 에 러를 고려한 자동에러탐색요인과 사전 경험에 의하여 세밀하게 에러를 발견하기 위하여 테스팅 관리자가 설정해놓은 요 인인 학습효과의 특성에 대한 문제를 비교 제시 하였다. 그 결과 학습요인이 자동 에러 탐색요인보다 큰 경우가 대체 적으로 효율적인 모형임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 소프트웨어 고장 자료 분석에서는 고장 간격 시간 자료를 적 용하고 모수추정 방법은 최우추정 법을 이용하고 추세분석을 통하여 자료의 효율성을 입증한 후 평균제곱오차와 R2(결정계수)를 이용하여 효율적인 모형을 선택 비교하였다

In this study, software products developed in the course of testing, software managers in the process of testing software and tools for effective learning effects perspective has been studied using the NHPP software. The log type hazard function applied to distribution was based on finite failure NHPP. Software error detection techniques known in advance, but influencing factors for considering the errors found automatically and learning factors, by prior experience, to find precisely the error factor setting up the testing manager are presented comparing the problem. As a result, the learning factor is greater than autonomous errors-detected factor that is generally efficient model could be confirmed. This paper, a failure data analysis of applying using time between failures and parameter estimation using maximum likelihood estimation method, after the efficiency of the data through trend analysis model selection were efficient using the mean square error and R2(coefficient of determination).

본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 제품을 개발하여 테스팅을 하는 과정에서 소프트웨어 관리자들이 소프트웨어 및 검사 도구에 효율적인 학습기법을 이용한 NHPP 소프트웨어 모형에 대하여 연구 하였다. 적용모형은 지연된 소프트웨어 S-형태 모형을 적용한 유한고장 NHPP에 기초하였다. 소프트웨어 오류 탐색 기법은 사전에 알지 못하지만 자동적으로 발견되는 에러를 고려한 영향요인과 사전 경험에 의하여 세밀하게 에러를 발견하기 위하여 테스팅 관리자가 설정해놓은 요인인 학습효과의 특성에 대한 문제를 비교 제시 하였다. 그 결과 학습요인이 자동 에러 탐색요인보다 큰 경우가 대체적으로 효율적인 모형임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 수치적인 예에서는 고장 간격 시간 자료를 적용하고 모수추정 방법은 최우추정법을 이용하고 추세분석을 통하여 자료의 효율성을 입증한 후 평균제곱오차와 (결정계수)를 이 용하여 효율적인 모형을 선택 비교하였다.

In this study, software products developed in the course of testing, software managers in the process of testing software and tools for effective learning effects perspective has been studied using the NHPP software. The delayed software S-shaped reliability model applied to distribution was based on finite failure NHPP. Software error detection techniques known in advance, but influencing factors for considering the errors found automatically and learning factors, by prior experience, to find precisely the error factor setting up the testing manager are presented comparing the problem. As a result, the learning factor is greater than automatic error that is generally efficient model could be confirmed. This paper, numerical example of applying using time between failures and parameter estimation using maximum likelihood estimation method, after the efficiency of the data through trend analysis model selection were efficient using the mean square error and  (coefficient of determination).

본 연구는 현재 무용을 전공하는 대학생들을 대상으로 무용 멘토링이 무용열정과 학습효과에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 2011년 현재 서울 및 수도권 지역에 소재하고 있는 대학교 세 곳의 무용전공 대학생 257명을 대상으로 조사하였으나 이 가운데 불성실한 자료를 제외한 총 236명의 자료만 사용하였다. 설문지를 통해 수집된 응답내용은 SPSS Windows 17.0 프로그램을 사용하여 본 연구의 목적에 따라 분석되었다. 자료 분석에 사용한 구체적인 방법은 Cronbach's α값 분석, 기술통계분석과 탐색적 요인분석, 주성분분석, 상관관계분석, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상 연구방법과 연구과정의 결과를 바탕으로 결론을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무용전공 대학생들의 무용 멘토링 경험이 무용열정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 무용전공 대학생들의 무용 멘토링 경험이 학습효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to examine university student's dance mentoring upon dance enthusiasm and learning effects. For this, a questionnaire survey of 257 university students at three universities in Seoul and the capital area as of 2011 was carried out. Among collected data, 236 responses were used in study analysis, except unfaithful responses. Collected data excluding those considered insincere were analyzed using the Window SPSS 17.0 program following the purpose of the study. To analyze the data, Cronbach's α, Descriptive Statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis, principle component Analysis, correlation Analysis, Stepwise Multi Regression were used. Study findings are as follows: First, university student's experience of dance mentoring had influence upon dance enthusiasm. second, university student's experience of dance mentoring had influence upon learning effects.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a flipped learning?based integrated education program that combines video-based prelearning, theoretical lectures, and hands-on training on excretion care robots. The program was applied to nurses to verify its effects on their knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to excretion care and the use of such robots. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 50 nurses working at a hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The experimental group received a flipped learning?based integrated education program, which included asynchronous pre-learning, in-person didactic session, and in-person hands-on session. The control group received basic education on the use of excretion care robots. Outcome variables included knowledge, attitudes (self-efficacy, perceived usefulness and ease of use, anxiety, intention to use), and skills (proficiency, accuracy of execution and outcomes). The data were analyzed using independent t-tests. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores in knowledge, self-efficacy, perceived usefulness and ease of use, intention to use, proficiency, and accuracy of the performance. Additionally, their level of anxiety regarding excretion care robots was significantly lower (p<.05). Conclusion: The integrated education program combining video, theoretical, and practical components was effective in enhancing nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and skills. These results suggest that such a program can serve as a valuable educational strategy to facilitate the clinical adoption of technology-based care devices like excretion care robots.

Purpose: Simulation-based education combined with mastery learning is more effective than simulation-based education alone. This study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness with regard to both technical and non-technical skills of simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) in blood transfusion training among undergraduate nursing students. Method: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Fifty-one second-year students at a college of nursing in W city, South Korea, who had not started clinical practice were selected by convenience sampling and allocated to either the experimental or control group using the zigzag method. SBML program was consisted of a diagnostic test, repeated learning and formative assessments for non-passers. All outcome variables were measured before and after completion of the program. Results: The experimental group showed significantly increased performance scores of blood transfusion as compared to the control group (z=29.50, p<.001), with better outcomes in number of students achieving minimum passing score (χ2 =20.07, p<.001), self-confidence (F=17.68, p<.001), and communication skills (z=166.00, p=.003). Conclusion: This program was effective for undergraduate students to better improvement in performance, self-confidence, and communication skills, which can ensure greater safety in the transfusion. The results suggest that SBML ensures skill acquisition for clinical practice through improved performances in both technical and non-technical skills.

Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of smartphonebased mobile learning for nurses and nursing students. Methods: Electronic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC) was conducted. Two authors independently reviewed empirical studies for inclusion and extracted the design, sample size, intervention method, outcome variables, and statistical values of them. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. To estimate the effect size, meta-analysis was performed using R meta program. Results: Authors identified 11 randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials of a total of 3,419 studies. Overall effect sizes by random-effects model was large [Hedges'g (g) ¼ 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72e1.52], with learning attitude (g ¼ 1.69), skills (g ¼ 1.41), knowledge (g ¼ 1.47), and confidence in performance (g ¼ 1.54). For heterogeneity, subgroup analyses using meta-analysis of variance were performed, but no significant difference was found. Finally, a funnel plot and Egger's regression test along with trim-and-fill analysis and fail-safe N were conducted to check for publication bias, but no significant bias was detected. Conclusion: Smartphone-based mobile learning had significantly positive influence on nursing students' knowledge, skills, confidence in performance, and learning attitude. Smartphone-based mobile learning may be an alternative or supportive method for better education in nursing fields.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of multi-mode simulation learning on critical thinking disposition, on the problem solving process and on clinical competence of nursing students. Methods: A nonequivalentcontrol group with pre-posttest was designed. The participants in this study were 65 students who were enrolled in an emergency and critical nursing course at N university. The treatment group consisted of 33 juniors in 2010 and the control group 32 juniors in 2011. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square, independentt-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 for Window Program. Results: There were significant increases in problem solving process and clinical competence in the treatment group who participated in the multi-mode simulation learning compared to the control group who did not (t=-2.39, p=.020; F=12.76, p=.001). However, there were no significant differences in critical thinking disposition between the treatment and control group (t=0.40, p=.692). Conclusion: Multi-mode simulation is an effective teaching and learning method to enhance the problem solving process and clinical competence of nursing students. Further exploration is needed to develop and utilizemulti-mode simulation for diverse scenarios, depending on emergency nursing educational goals and environments and to develop a universal method to measure outcomes.

Objective To investigate the eff ects of night sleep on motor cortical excitability with TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and fi nger tapping performance. Method Eight volunteers were enrolled to investigate the eff ects of day wake or night sleep on motor learning and fi nger performance. Each subject underwent a fi nger tapping task over a 12 hour period, which was employed to evaluate the motor cortical excitability aff ected by motor learning. Starting at 9:00 am for the day wake cycle and restarting at 9:00 pm for the night sleep cycle. Th e fi nger tapping task was the index fi nger of the non-dominant hand with the Hangul word personal computer (PC) training program. Th e data was assessed by comparing the changes observed with the cortical excitability and fi nger tapping performance tests between the day wake and night sleep after equivalent amounts of training. Results The results showed that in paired-pulse techniques, there was a significant decrease of intracortical inhibition (ICI) in the morning following the night sleep cycle (p<0.05), but no signifi cant change was seen in the ICI in the evening for the day wake cycle. In addition a signifi cant decrease of the ICI was observed in comparison to the morning following the night sleep cycle and the evening following the day wake cycle (p<0.05). Th e 140%recruitment curve (RC) and accuracy of the fi nger tapping performance demonstrated a signifi cant improvement for both cycles (p<0.05). Conclusion Through this study, we observed that the Hangul typing practice requires both explicit and implicit skill learning. And also the off-line learning during a night of sleep may be affected by an inhibitory neurotransmitter related synaptic plasticity and by the time dependent learning with recruitments of remote or less excitable motor neurons in the primary motor cortex.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of direct observation-linked multiple monitoring learning on the job skills of elderly residential assistants for high school students with intellectual disabilities. Method: In order to achieve this research purpose, three high school students attending a special school for intellectual disabilities were composed of research participants. The research design used multiple probe design across participants by a single subject research, and the experimental design was also used, reflecting the four experimental conditions of baseline, intervention, maintenance, and generalization. The experimental environment consisted of a kitchen in the elderly's residential home and a kitchen in the participants' residential home, and intervention and evaluation were conducted. The intervention program, an independent variable, consisted of procedures and methods in which participants directly observe scenes of nursing care workers performing target actions in the kitchen of the elderly's home, and in conjunction with this, a combination of three clues, such as picture-word-sentence. Target behaviors, a dependent variable, was defined as the performance of participants visiting the home of the elderly living alone and cooking meals to assist them. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that participants with intellectual disabilities effectively acquired and generalized target behaviors through intervention. Conclusin: Through this, this study was able to enhance the aspect that vocational transition education at home through direct observation and multiple monitoring learning can have a positive effect on the acquisition and generalization of job skills centered on residential life for students with intellectual disabilities.

Background: A critical features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is cognitive dysfunction, which partly arises from decreased in acetylcholine levels. AD afftected brains are characterized by extensive oxidative stress, which is thought to be primarily induced by the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In a previous study, Cinnamomum loureiroi tincture inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. That study identified AChE inhibitor in the C. loureiroi extract. Furthermore, the C. loureiroi extract enhanced memory in a trimethyltin (TMT)-induced model of cognitive dysfunction, as assessed via two behavioral tests. Rosa laevigata extract protected against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Administrating R. laevigata extracts to mice significantly reversed Aβ-induced learning and memory impairment, as shown in behavioral tests. Methods and Results: We conducted behavioral to examine the synergistic effects of C. loureiroi and R. laevigata extracts in inhibiting AChE and counteracting TMT-induced learning and memory losses. We also performed biochemical assays. The biochemical results showed a relationship between increased oxidative stress and cholinergic neurons damage in TMT-treated mice. Conclusions: A diet containing C. loureiroi and R. laevigata extracts ameliorated learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests, and exerted synergistic inhibitory effect against AChE and lipid peroxidation.

This study examines the effects of learning conditions (implicit learning condition and explicit learning condition) and task types (comprehension and production task) on the learning of an easy rule (subject-verb inversion in the sentence with location adverbial) and a hard rule (pseudo-cleft clause). One hundred thirty first-year university EFL students with low proficiency were divided into four groups based on the combination of learning conditions and task types. After that, pre-and post-test data on the grammaticality judgement test and controlled written test were analyzed by using the two-way Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that the effects of learning conditions are not statistically different on the comprehension of easy and hard grammatical rules whereas the explicit learning condition has more effects on producing easy and hard rules than the implicit learning condition does. They also revealed that the effects of task types are statistically different on the learning of an easy and a hard rule. In addition, production task has more effects on the learning of both an easy and a hard rule than the comprehension task. It could be suggested that the results of this study could be applied in designing more effective instructional condition for the EFL adult learners with low proficiency.

This study intended to evaluate the viability of cyber education in terms of learning satisfaction and learning achievement. The study integrated two research streams such as social presence model and learning environment model. Where the learning environment model emphasizes the components of learning aids, social presence model considers more deeply the relationships among peers and with instructors. These two research streams have been considered relatively independently. The study integrated these ideas and measured their reliabilities and validities. The results demonstrate that the two constructs are relevantly independent and both of these constructs are very important considerations for the success of cyber education. The study concludes that cyber education 2.0 requires more social presence factors than the learning environment factors such as technological development or new equipments.

본 연구의 목적은 대학 학위과정에 참여하고 있는 성인학습자의 평생교육성과(직업능력 향상, 삶의 질 향상)에 영향을 미치는 요인을 개인배경, 학습특성 및 참여동기, 학습경험의 측면에서 탐색하고, 이를 통해 대학 성인학습자의 평생교육성과를 제고하는 의미있는 시사 점을 도출하는 것이다. 연구의 목적 달성을 위해 C대학교의 학부과정에 참여하고 있는 성 인학습자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 조사참여에 동의하고 측정문항에 결측없이 응답한 111명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석방법은 기술통계 및 다중회귀분석을 적용 하였다. 분석결과, 성인학습자의 직업능력 향상에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성인학습자의 현 재직 여부, 목표지향 중심의 참여동기, 대학에서의 유의미학습, 교수와의 상호작용으로 나 타났으며, 다소 약한 수준에서 협력학습이 종속변수에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 삶의 질 향 상에 영향을 미치는 요인은 대학 입학 전 최종학력, 학습가치 중심의 학습특성, 학습지향 중심의 참여동기, 대학에서의 협력학습, 교수와의 상호작용으로 나타났고, 다소 약한 수준 에서 유의미학습이 긍정적 영향을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 대학 성인학습자 의 평생학습성과를 높이는 차원에서 시사점을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect the lifelong learning outcomes (improving career abilities, improving quality of life) of adult learners participating in university degree programs in terms of personal background, learning characteristics, participation motivation, and learning experiences. The study aims to derive meaningful implications for improving the lifelong learning outcomes of university adult learners. To achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted among adult learners participating in the undergraduate program at University C. A total of 111 participants who agreed to participate in the survey and provided complete responses to the measurement questions were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were applied. The results of the analysis revealed that several factors significantly influenced the improvement of adult learners' career abilities. These factors included the adult learners' current employment status, goal-oriented participation motivation, meaningful learning in college, and interaction with faculty. Additionally, cooperative learning had a positive but weaker effect on the dependent variable. Furthermore, various factors significantly influenced the improvement of quality of life among adult learners. These factors included the final education before entering university, learning characteristics centered on learning values, participation motivation centered on learning orientation, cooperative learning in university, and interaction with professors. Meaningful learning also had a positive but weaker effect. Based on the findings of this study, implications for enhancing the lifelong learning outcomes of university adult learners was discussed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mobile-learning (m-learning) on EFL student satisfaction and performance. For this empirical study, a research model was proposed with hypotheses. For m-learning attributes, four variables were suggested: Mobility, Content Personalization, Interactivity, and Accessibility. In addition, Learning Supports mechanisms used as potential moderating factor was proposed in order to test whether this variable enhances the relationship between Satisfaction and Performance in English m-learning. the data were collected from actual m-learning EFL students. A total of 279 responses were analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show that all hypotheses were significantly supported, suggesting that m-learning attributes are crucial factors for increasing EFL learners’ satisfaction and performance. Furthermore, the relationship between Satisfaction and Performance is enhanced by the inclusion of various types of Learning Supports. Finally, academic and practical implications are discussed.

This study aims to investigate the effects of blended learning on Thai university students’ speaking ability, students’ learning motivation, as well as to explore students’ and teachers’ perceptions towards blended learning. Utilizing a mixed-methods embedded experimental research design, 56 students in the treatment group received blended learning instruction. Meanwhile, the other 46 students in the control group received traditional teaching instruction. In this study, the pre- and post-speaking tests and students’ learning motivation questionnaires were used to collect the quantitative data. The qualitative data were retrieved from students’ online reflection blogs and students’ and teachers’ semi-structured group interviews. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were then used to analyze the data. The research results revealed that blended learning instruction helped improve students’ speaking ability. Furthermore, the results indicated that students’ learning motivation was at a high level. Additionally, a great majority of both student and teacher participants had positive perceptions towards blended learning. The research results, therefore, conclusively proves that blended learning implementation is effective in improving students’ speaking ability and in attaining a high level of students’ learning motivation.

본 연구는 가상 환경에서의 협력 학습에의 참여가 학생들의 학업 성취도와 만족도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 세컨드라이프라는 가상현실 플랫폼에 고등학생이 국사 과목을 학습할 수 있는 공간을 만들고 이를 활용하였다. 총 119명의 참가자를 ‘협력학습 유형'이나 '개인학습 유형'에 무선 할당하였으며, 학생들의 학업 성취도와 만족도를 측 정 도구로 수집하였다. 가상공간에서의 협력학습의 효과를 검토하려 독립표본 t검증 및 대응표본 t검증을 실행하였고, 연구의 결과는 개인학습 유형에 참여한 경우보다 협력학습 유형에 참여한 경우가 학업성취도와 만족도에 유의미하게 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 향후 가상현실을 기반으로 한 협력학습의 활용에 대한 제언이 논의 되었다.

This experimental study was to examine the impact of collaborative learning in a virtual environment on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction. The collaborative virtual learning environment was created for a Korean history class for high school students. A total of 119 participants were recruited and were randomly assigned to either "collaborative group" or an "individual group." Students’ academic achievements and satisfaction were collected as measurement tools to examine the effect of collaborative learning in the virtual learning environment and collected data were tested by independent sample t. The results showed that participation in collaborative groups had a significant positive effect on academic achievement and satisfaction than individual groups.

수출과 혁신의 관계를 다룬 문헌들 중 혁신이나 높은 생산성이 수출을 선행한다는 연구들이 있는 반면, 또다른 연구들은 수출이 혁신으로 이어진다고 주장하며, 또한 여러 실증분석에 따르면 수출을 하는 국가가 수출을 하지 않는 국가보다 더 높은 생산성을 지니고 여러 분야에서 더 좋은 성과를 거두고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 그렇지만 미시적 차원인 기업 측면에서 수출이 기업 혁신성을 향상시키는 실증적 증거는 드물다. 수출 기업은 국내 시장에서 얻지 못하는 다양한 지식을 획득할 수 있고 그러한 지식들이 본사로 유입되어 결국은 새로운 혁신 성과를 형성한다. 본 논문은 이러한 이론에 근거하여 KIS 2010 데이터를 활용하고 프로빗 회귀분석을 통하여 수출이 한국 제조업 기업의 제품 혁신, 공정 혁신, 조직 혁신 및 마케팅 혁신에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 한다. 실증분석 결과를 따르면 수출은 혁신에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 특히 제품 혁신에 미치는 영향이 더 현저하다. 그리고 수출 집중도가 높을수록, 기업의 제품 혁신, 공정 혁신 및 조직 혁신 활동이 더 많이 전개된다. 그렇지만, 수출 집중도와 마케팅 혁신과의 관계에 대한 가설은 채택되지 못하였다.

While a body of literature states that higher productivity or innovation leads firms to engage in exporting, previous empirical findings across many nations have also shown that exporting operation can precede productivity in the opposite direction and exporters perform better than non-exporters in several domains. We argue that exporters can often access diverse knowledge inputs not available in the domestic market, and this knowledge learning can spill back on the focal firm, thereby fostering increased innovation. In this paper, we examined the effects of exporting on the product, process, and organizational and marketing innovations of Korean manufacturing firms implementing probit regressions using the 2010 Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) data. We found that exporting is positively associated with innovation, especially product innovation. Moreover, the higher the level of exporting a manufacturing firm achieves, the more likely innovation activities are to be conducted in product, process, and organizational innovation areas. However, our data did not support our hypothesis regarding the relationship between export intensity and marketing innovation.