Earticle

The purpose of this study is presented playground space for early childhood facilities. Describes whether any development of children, and how to respond in accordance with each of the activities. The infants and toddlers life cycle is a continuation of play. Toddlers to play is the essence of life itself, through play, the world embracing and digestive, raising ideas and emotions expressed through play. It is time that paves the growth of infants age children. And equipped with personality, values , emotions, attitudes, play a very important role in this process. Play it delivers, it can not learning education. Sympathetic and experience through play, and be equipped to allow the personality, social, physical. So, we have an obligation required to provide adequate facilities and play so that children can grow properly. In this paper, from the limited play space and is listed on the importance alive to give the children a sense of space to get the sympathetic. And, analysis shown about affect for children each play, and space. In this paper, we performed a study is Performed a case studies of and domestic kindergarten and foreign kindergarten where the differences between the various lists and how to derive a plan for solving the problem by comparison and analysis were performed.

Objective To assess the relationship of scores on the test of infant motor performance (TIMP), with those on the Bayley scales of infant development (BSID), and to investigate the sensitivity and specifi city of TIMP and the optimal cut-off value of TIMP scores using ROC analysis. Method Seventy-six preterm and term infants were recruited from neonatal intensive care units. Subjects were tested with the TIMP at their initial visit and after 6 months, they were tested by using BSID. Results In the reliability study, TIMP scores showed highly significant correlation with the Bayley physical developmental index (BPDI) (p=0.001) and Bayley mental developmental index (BMDI) (p=0.017). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the TIMP test for screening infant motor development. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.825 (p=0.005) in BPDI and 0.992 (p=0.014) in BMDI,indicating an excellent classifi cation performance of the model. Th e optimal cut-off value where a sensitivity of 86%,and specifi city of 68% were achieved with the TIMP was 1.50 (between average and below average) in BPDI and where a sensitivity of 100%, and specifi city of 66% were achieved with the TIMP was 1.50 in BMDI. Conclusion Our results indicate that the TIMP provides a reliable and valid measurement that can be used for the evaluation of motor function in preterm and term infants. TIMP was highly sensitive and specifi c with the follow-up examination of BSID. Th erefore it can be used as a reliable screening tool for neonates and infants aged <4 months.

Objective To obtain reliability and applicability of the Korean version Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) in evaluating the developmental status of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods The inter-rater reliability of BSID-II scores from 68 children with CP (46 boys and 22 girls; mean age, 32.54±16.76 months; age range, 4 to 78 months) was evaluated by 10 pediatric occupational therapists. Patients were classified in several ways according to age group, typology, and the severity of motor impairment by the level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The measures were performed by video analysis, and the results of intraclass correlation (ICC) were obtained for each of the above classifications. To evaluate the clinical applicability of BSID-II for CP, its correlation with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), which has been known as the standard motor assessment for CP, was investigated.Results ICC was 0.99 for the Mental scale and 0.98 for the Motor scale in all subjects. The values of ICC ranged from 0.92 to 0.99 for each age group, 0.93 to 0.99 for each typology, and 0.99 to 1.00 for each GMFCS level. A strong positive correlation was found between the BSID-II Motor raw score and the GMFM total score (r=0.84, p<0.001), and a moderate correlation was observed between the BSID-II Mental raw score and the GMFM total score (r=0.65, p<0.001).Conclusion The Korean version of BSID-II is a reliable tool to measure the functional status of children with CP. The raw scores of BSID-II showed a great correlation with GMFM, indicating validity of this measure for children with CP on clinical basis.

Objective To compare the relationship of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition (K-BSID-III) language score and the Sequenced Language Scale for Infant (SELSI) score and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of K-BSID-III language score and optimal cutoff value with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in infants and toddlers with delayed language development. Methods A total of 104 children with suspected language developmental delay were included in this retrospective study. Subjects were tested using the K-BSID-III and SELSI and subdivided into several groups according to the severity of language scores. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess K-BSID-III for delayed language development. Results Receptive and expressive language subscales of the K-BSID-III showed markedly significant correlation with the SELSI scores (p<0.001). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.877 (p<0.001) in SELSI receptive score and 0.935 (p<0.001) in SELSI expressive score. The optimal cutoff value where sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 81% were achieved with the K-BSID-III receptive score was 1.50 (between average and low average) in the SELSI receptive score. The optimal cutoff value where sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 82% were achieved with the K-BSID-III expressive score was also 1.50 in the SELSI expressive score. Conclusion In this study, the correlations between K-BSID-III and SELSI language scores were statistically significant. However, the interpretation should be considered carefully in low average group due to tendency of underestimation of delayed language development.

Purpose: Education on infant safe sleep practices has been known to reduce the risk of sleep-related sudden unexpected infant death. Since sleep environments may vary across sociocultural contexts, infant safe sleep education needs to reflect specific sociocultural settings. This study aimed to develop an educational Protocol for Infant Safe Sleep (PISS) for primary caregivers in Korea that considers parenting behaviors and cultural characteristics. Methods: This study was conducted in three key methodological steps: (1) retrieval, de- fining, and systematic classification of PISS content; (2) the structural formulation of the content as an educational protocol; and (3) content validation. For the first step, a literature review was conducted, along with an analysis of educational materials from institution websites related to infant safe sleep and online parenting communities. Field observations were also conducted to identify relevant Korean culture characteristics. Based on these findings, the PISS was developed. Content validity index was assessed by six professionals, and the results were reflected into the educational program. Results: The PISS intervention provided an educational video and booklet and enhanced learning via phone counseling and educational kit, which comprised an illustrated safe sleep sticker and a calendar-style activity diary. The educational content consisted of (1) sleep location, (2) sleep position, (3) bedding, (4) clothes and temperature, and (5) other considerations. Conclusion: This study developed the PISS, an intangible educational intervention based on Korean sociocultural characteristics and specific guidelines for primary caregivers. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this program in promoting safe sleep practices.

Purpose: This study aimed to enhance healthcare for children in daycare centers by analyzing the job development and educational needs of daycare nurses and presenting foundational data on their duties and tasks. Methods: This descriptive study focused on defining daycare nurses' roles and developing their duties and tasks. The DACUM committee included 10 daycare nurses, with 61 nurses participating in a field survey to validate their duties and analyze educational needs. The analysis employed the coefficient of determination, paired t-test, IPA, Borich Needs Assessment Model, and Locus for Focus Model. Results: Job analysis identified 10 major duties and 50 tasks for daycare nurses, including monitoring children's health, screening for growth and development, health and safety education, child abuse prevention, infectious disease management, staff health management, environmental hygiene, and professional development. Tasks with the highest educational need were 'Health management for children with chronic diseases and disabilities' and 'Child abuse prevention education.' The role of nurses in child daycare centers is defined as the planning and implementation of health and safety measures to promote children's growth, development, and overall well-being. Conclusion: The definition of daycare nurses identified in this study provides the qualifications, goals, and guidelines for job performance that daycare nurses in South Korea should possess. The analysis of the educational needs of the identified duties and tasks not only provides the foundation for the target training program for daycare nurses but also offers the priorities for the job training program that must be established as the most important and urgent.

본 연구는 선진국에서 앞장서서 선포하고 있는 세계적인 추세인 뇌발달에 대한 관심을 바탕으로 한다. 특 히 뇌발달의 기초가 되는 영아기 뇌발달에 대한 애착기반 부모교육의 중요성을 제안하였다. 현대의 부모가 편리하고 개별적으로 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 M-러닝 프로그램을 제안하였다. 뇌의 발달은 영아기에 급속도로 이루어진다. 두미발달의 원칙에 의해 출생 시에 머리와 뇌의 크기는 신체의 다른 어떤 부위보다 성인에 가깝 다. 영아기 뇌의 발달은 전적으로 생물학적 프로그램에 따른 것이 아니고 환경의 영향에 의해 민감하게 작용 한다. 안정된 애착으로 인한 효과적인 우뇌 기능의 발달은 영아가 성장하는 단계에서 최적의 발달을 위한 회 복요인이다. 안정된 애착에 의한 양육경험은 영아의 정서적 표현과 두뇌의 신경 화학적 물질에 영향을 주어 사회적, 정서적 행동조절에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 결국 두뇌발달의 유발요인은 안정된 애착형성이라고 할 수 있다.

This study is based on the interest in brain development, a global trend proclaimed in advanced countries. In particular, we proposed the importance of attachment-based parenting education for infants' brain development, which is the basis of brain development. We have proposed a mobile learning program that modern parents can access easily and individually. Brain development is rapid and rapid in infancy. Parenting experience by stable attachment affects the emotional expression of infants and the neurochemicals in the infant's brain, positively affecting social and emotional behavior control. Eventually, the cause of brain development may be called stable attachment formation. Lack of time was the leading cause of adult learners such as parents not attending education. M-learning is useful in addressing these shortages in the development of teaching-learning methods for higher education. Smartphone applications are designed to be self-directed learning, but there is a lack of interaction between learners and learners-teachers. The parent education application is proposed to be developed according to Seels & Richey's ADDIE model.

There is no doubt that Kangkangsule is the best way to inherit and realize the Korean traditional culture to little children. It is reasonable to apply Kodàly system to Kangkangsule in order to organize a program which fits well with the level of the growth of children and is easy and enjoyable to them. As this research shows, it is possible that little children can improve their musical ability as below. - Children can master the musical notions such as dynamics, tempo, rhythm, pitch, tone color, structure, style, and sound quality. - Children can experience delightful and exciting music through various music activities. - They can learn the flexibility, tenderness, sensibility, and wisdom of life by means of realization of three conditions. - They can develope their instant power because Kangkangsule has variable motion depending on the tempo, excitement, and degree of enthusiasm. - They can master the characteristics of Korean traditional music.

본 연구에서는 어린이집에 다니고 있는 영아의 가정형태(모자가정 및 일반 가정)에 따라 어머 니의 애착행동과 영아의 발달수준에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고, 어머니 관 련변인(연령, 교육수준, 취업유무)에 따라 어머니의 애착행동과 영아발달수준에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상으로는 B시 어린이집에 다니고 있는 모자가정 및 일반가정의 영아 (20 개월～40개월)와 어머 니 각각 50쌍이었다. 어머니의 애착행동을 알아보기 위해 어머니가 설문지 를 읽은 후 응답한 것을 사용하였으며, 영아발달 수준의 차이를 알아보기 위해서는 담당교사가 인 지, 언어, 사회정서, 자조 기술, 대근육 운동, 소근육 운동 등을 직접 관찰하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 를 요약하면 다음과 같 다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 다룬 8개 하위영역 (긍정적 정서, 접촉 추구, 자기희 생적 온정, 근접 추구 <분리불안>, 보호, 결속<일치성>, 냉담, 기대감) 중 냉담을 제외한 7개 영 역에서 일반가정의 어머 니들이 모자가정의 어머니들보다 긍정적인 애착행동을 보이고 있는 것으 로 나타났다. 둘째, 영아 발달 수준은 모든 하위영역에서 일반가정의 영아들이 모자가정의 영아들 보다 더 빨리 발달하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 연령에 따른 애착 행동은 두 집단의 차이가 없었으며, 학력 에 따른 애착행동은 학력이 높은 어머니들이 긍정적 정서와 접촉 추구 애 착행동이 더 높게 나타 났으며, 취업유무에 따른 애착행동의 차이는 취업을 한 어머니들이 자기희 생적 온정 애착행동 만 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 어머니의 연령에 따른 영아발달수준에서는 유의미한 차이가 없었으며, 학력 에 따른 두 집단의 차이는 학력이 높은 어머니의 영아가 낮은 어머니의 영 아보다 자조능력이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 다른 영역에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없 었다. 그리고 취업유무 에서는 두 집단 간의 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

The purpose of this study is to examine a difference in attachment behaviors of mother and the developmental levels of infant by family type(fatherless family and general family) of infants who go to a nursery, and examine a difference in attachment behaviors of mother and infant developmental levels by mother related variables (age, educational standard, and employment or unemployment). the subjects were 50 pairs of infants(20 months~ 40months) and mothers in fatherless family and general family respectively, who go to a nursery in Busan. mother's answer to the questionnaire was used to examine attachment behaviors of mother, and their teachers directly observed and evaluated recognition, language, social emotion, self-help skill, gross motor, fine motor, and so on to examine a difference in infant developmental levels. The major results were summarized as follows. first, it indicated that mothers in general family showed positive attachment behaviors more than mothers in fatherless family in 7 domains, except indifference among 8 lower domains (positive emotion, contact chase, self-sacrificial warm feeling, proximity chase<separation anxiety>, protection, unity<consentaneity>, indifference, expectation) treated in this study. second, for infant developmental levels, it indicated that infants in general family developed faster than infants in fatherless family in all of lower domains. third, there was no different in attachment behaviors by mother's age between 2 groups, for attachment behaviors by educational background, mothers who had higher educational background had higher positive emotion and contact chase attachment behaviors, and for attachment behaviors by employment or unemployment, working mothers had only higher self-sacrificial warm feeling attachment behaviors. fourth, there was no significant difference in infant developmental levels by mother's age, for a difference by educational background between 2 groups, an infant of mother who had higher educational background had better self-help ability than an infant of mother who had lower educational background, and there was no significant statistical difference in other domains. and there was no significant difference by employment or unemployment. the conclusion can be derived as follows from the result above. the result that attachment behaviors of mother and infant development in usually were higher means that economical and psychological unstability has influence on infant development rather than the problem about bringing up children of mother in fatherless family, and the result of this study shows the difference in attachment behaviors by mother's employment or unemployment, or educational standard has great influence also on attachment for infant by mother's satisfaction on living conditions.

본 연구는 전 세계적으로 자리매김하고 있는 K-POP 음악을 사용하여 유아의 흥미를 유발하고 비고츠 키 근접발달영역 이론의 비계설정과 협동학습을 프로그램에 적용하여 협동심, 표현력, 자신감을 기르기 위해 프로그램의 목표를 구체화하여 유아 발레팝 프로그램의 교육적 효과와 발달적 기여를 다양한 관점 에서 깊이 있게 탐구하여 유아의 전인적 성장에 미치는 영향에 대한 실효성과 한계점을 다각도로 확인하 고자 하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 실행 연구기법을 활용하였으며 유아 45명을 대상으로 비고츠키 근접발달영역 이론을 적용한 유아 발레팝 프로그램 모형을 제안하였다. 연구 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존 발레 프로그램보다 K-POP을 접목한 유아 발레팝 프로그램은 유아의 흥미를 유발과 협동 심, 표현력, 자신감을 기르는데 효과적인 매개체임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 프로그램의 전반적인 목적은‘자신의 근접 발달대에서 과제를 해결하는 것, 자기조절을 증진시 키는 것’이며 이를 위한 교육적 목표는 K-POP 사용 시 흥미 유발, 유아의 수준에 맞는 다양한 형태의 비계제시, 협동학습 시 문제해결과정에서의 상호작용, 근접발달영역 4단계까지의 변화이다. 셋째, 유아 발레팝 1,2차 프로그램의 실효성은 수업과 발레에 대한 긍정적인 반응, 사회성 발달의 예 측, 표현력과 의견 표출에 대한 자신감 상승, 수업에 대한 적극성, 창의성 향상이 나타났으며 연구자가 제시한 교육적 목표 4가지를 달성하였다. 한계점으로는 개월 수에 따른 연령별 상호작용이 이행되지 않 았고 동작 습득을 위한 시간 부족, 구체적인 발레요소 활용의 아쉬움, 규칙에 대한 필요성, 반복 학습의 중요성이 나타났다. 넷째, 프로그램 실행 후 비고츠키가 제시한 근접발달영역 4단계 (유능한 타인에 의한 도움, 스스로의 도움, 화석화자동화내면화, 탈 자동화)까지의 변화가 유아들에게 나타났으며 이로 인해 본 프로그램의 교육적 목적인 ‘자신의 근접 발달대에서 과제를 해결하는 것, 자기조절을 증진시키는 것’을 달성한 것 을 알 수 있었다.

Objectives This study aims to explore the educational effects and developmental contributions of a preschool ballet-pop program that uses K-POP music to engage young children's interest and applies Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development theory to foster cooperation, expressiveness, and self-confidence. The study also seeks to examine the effectiveness and limitations of the program. Methods The study employed an action research methodology and proposed a preschool ballet-pop program model incorporating Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development theory, targeting 45 preschool children. Results & Conclusions As a result, First, the preschool ballet-pop program was found to be an effective medium for stimulating young children's interest and fostering cooperation, expressiveness, and self-confidence. Second, the educational goals of the program include stimulating interest through the use of K-POP, providing various forms of scaffolding, promoting interaction during the problem-solving process, and facilitating changes across the four stages of the Zone of Proximal Development. Third, the program achieved the researcher’s educational goals, but limitations included a lack of age-appropriate interactions, insufficient time for movement mastery, the need for rules, and the importance of repetition. This indicates that the four-stage change in the Zone of Proximal Development, which was the educational objective, was achieved.

인간은 자연에서 태어났으며 자연과 더불어 살아간다. 자연과 인간의 조화로운 공존은 외적인 성장뿐 아니라 내적인 성장에도 도움을 주며 상호작용의 중요성을 일깨워 줄 것이다. 그러나 현대 사회는 환경문제의 심각성과 지식중심의 인지적 교육이 전인적이고 조화로운 발달을 저 해하는 요소가 되고 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 하워드 가드너(Howard Gardner)의 다중지능이론에 기초한 자연이해 유아미술 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 첫째, 다중 지능이론의 개념 및 특징을 살펴본다. 둘째, 다중지능이론 중 자연이해지능과 유아미술과의 관 련성을 살펴본다. 셋째, 다중지능이론의 자연이해지능을 기반으로 자연이해 유아미술 프로그램 을 개발한다. 본 논문에서 다중지능이론에 기초한 자연이해 유아미술 프로그램을 개발하여 현 장에서 적용한 결과 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 자연체험을 통한 감각교육을 중요시하는 미술교육이 되어야한다. 둘째, 자연이해를 통한 감성을 키울 수 있는 미술 교육이 되어야 한다. 셋째, 자연의 원리처럼 자연스런 유아의 발달을 고려한 미술교육이 되어야 한다. 넷째, 유아의 신체와 정신의 조화로운 발달을 통한 통합적인 인간을 형성하기위한 미술교육이 되어야한다. 다섯째, 자연의 심미감과 미술의 관계성을 통해서 ‘생각하는 힘’을 길러주는 미술 교육이 되어야 한다. 여섯째, 전문적인 사고를 할 수 있는 준비된 교사가 중요하다.

A human was born to nature and lives together with nature as well. In the harmonious relationship with nature, humans can best develop not only their eternal growth but also internal growth. However, in modern society, seriousness of environmental problems and knowledge-centered cognitive education have become the factors detrimental to human development equipped with the nature of the whole man and harmony. To solve such problems, this researcher developed the “infant art program for the understanding of nature” based on multi-intelligence theory and its process is as follows: First, this research took a look at the concept and characteristic of the multi-intelligence theory. Second, this research took a look at the relevance between the intelligence of nature understanding included in the multi-intelligence theory and infant art. Third, this research is aimed at developing the infant art program of the understanding of nature on the basis of intelligence of nature understanding in the multi-intelligence theory. In addition, this research was able to get the implications as follows as a result of applying the infant art program for nature understanding based on multi-intelligence which this research developed. First, art education should be established as the one which thinks much of sensory education through nature experience. Second, art education should be established as the one which can cultivate an infant's sensibility. Third, art education should be the one in consideration of infant development just like the principle of nature. Fourth, art education should be the one for the formation of an integrated human through the harmonious development of an infant's body and soul. Fifth, art education should be the one which can enrich “thinking power” through the relationships between aesthetic sense of nature and art. Sixth, it is important that the teachers in this program have the ability to apply their professional view.

이 연구의 목적은 유아교사의 인성과 전문성이 영유아권리존중 실행에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보는 것이다. 연구결과 유아교사의 인성, 전문성 발달 수준, 영유아권리존중 실행 수준이 모두 높은 수준의 결과를 나타냈다. 유아교사들의 영유아권리존중 실행 수준은 학력에 유의미한 차이가 있어 학력이 높을수록 높게 나타났으며, 유아교사의 인성, 교사 전문성 발달과 영유아권리존중 실행 수준 간 높은 상관관계가 나타났다. 즉 유아교사의 인성 점수가 높을수록, 교사 전문성 발달 수준이 높을수록 영유아권리존중 보육의 실행 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유아교사의 인성, 교사 전문성 발달이 영유아권리존중 보육의 실행 수준에 미치는 영향과 상대적 설명력을 분석한 결과 보육교사의 창의인성 영역의 인성 수준이 높고, 유아교사의 전문성 발달 중 지식과 기술의 발달과 생태적 발달의 수준이 높을수록 영유아권리존중 실행 수준이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구결과를 토대로 교사의 인성과 전문성을 향상시킬 수 있는 유아교사 개인의 노력과 이를 뒷받침하는 제도적 지원을 제안하며, 이는 유아교육 현장에서 영유아권리존중 실행수준을 향상시키는 데 기여할 것이다.

At present that arises the necessity of education on human rights and execution of the right respect, while the debate over child abuse, this study focused on the influence of an infant teacher’s personality and professional development on the implementation of infant’s right respect. This study involved 159 teachers in the children house. To them it was provided the personality self-assessments and questionnaire of the child rights respect and the infant teacher’s professional development level. Studies showed that the high level of infant teacher’s personality and professional, and the execution of infant right respect. The result of analysis regarding the execution of infant right respect effected by the infant teacher’s personality and teacher’s professional as well the relative explanation showed that as the high level of teacher’s personality in creative personality and as the high level of knowledge, skill, and ecological, there was higher level of execution of infant right respect. Through this study, it suggests that there should be systemic support and the infant teacher’s efforts individually in order to enhance the teacher’s personality and professionalism, this shall contribute to implementing the infant right respect in the field of infant education.

최근들어 스마트 단말의 급속한 보급과 업무 방식의 변화에 따른 재택근무 등 근무형태의 유연화로 인하여 다양한 정보를 제공받고 있다. 아기를 둔 엄마들은 유아가 먹는 음식, 건강, 성장 등에 관심을 갖게 되었고, 육아라는 새로운 환경은 가족을 위해 완벽히 잘 해야 한다는 부담감과 동시에 훌륭한 엄마가 되어야 한다는 강박장애로 이어져 많은 엄마들이 육아 스트레스로 고통을 호소하고 있다. 또한, 모바일 환경에서의 일과 삶의 조화가 중요하게 대두됨에 따라 초보엄마들을 위한 육아관리에 도움을 줄 수 있는 통합적 육아정보 관리 애플리케이션의 필요성이 증대되었다. 본 연구에서는 육아정보 관련 앱의 선호도를 분석하여 실질적으로 필요한 맞춤형 통합 육아정보를 제공할 수 있는 육아정보관리 프로토타입 앱을 개발하였다.

Recently with the wide spread smart devices and the flexible forms of work such as working from home due to changes in work practices, people are getting various information easily. Many women with a baby get to be interested in foods, health, and growth of their baby and the new task of raising a baby comes with a new burden added to taking care of their family and can develop into obsessive compulsive disorder to be a great mother. So many mothers suffer from child-rearing stress. Also, as the balance of work and life in mobile environment emerged as an important issue, the need for integrated information management applications that give infant care assistance to new mothers was increased. This study analyzed preferences on infant care information apps and developed prototype apps for infant care information management that can provide integrated customized infant care information that is actually needed.

이 연구는 홀리스틱 교육의 관점에서 유아의 수면습관과 자기조절력에 관계를 알아보고 유아의 바람직한 수면습관의 중요성을 강조하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 경기도 G시에 위치하고 있는 유치원과 어린이집에 재원 중인 유아 216명의 유아와 그들의 어머니를 대상으로 하였다. 그 결과 유아는 저녁12기까지 재우지 않는 실태가 나타난 것은 유아의 발달에 문제를 줄 수 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 한편 잠을 많이 자는 것과 건강 상태는 관계가 없고 키와 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 수면습관은 자기조절력에 유의한 영향을 미치며 잠을 재울 때 책을 읽어 주거나, 혼자 재우는 경우가 함께 자면서 재우는 유아보다 자기조절력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자기조절력에 영향을 주는 여러 요인 중 수면습관이 포함됨을 밝힌 것은 충분한 수면, 안정적이고 규칙적인 수면습관이 유능한 성인으로 성장 및 발달하기 위한 기본 습관임을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationship between infant's sleep and self-control from the aspect of holistic education and emphasize the importance of infant's desirable sleep habit. For the study purpose, 216 infants who are registered with kindergarten and child care center located in G City, Gyeonggi-do and their mothers were selected as study targets. The study result revealed that the condition that child does not sleep by 12:00PM may give a problem to infant's development. However, it was found that much sleep did not give an effect to health condition but it give an effect to height. Infant's sleep habit gave a significant effect to self-control. Self-control was higher when mother reads book while infant sleeps and leaves him sleep alone rather than when mother sleeps together. Among various factors giving effect to self-control, the reason to show that sleep habit is included is that sufficient, stable and regular sleep habit is a basic habit to let him grow and develop as a competent adult.

목적 : 본 연구는 베일리 영유아 발달검사 3판 대근육 운동척도를 한국판(Korean-Bayley-Ⅲ; K-Bayley-Ⅲ) 으로 타당화하기 위하여 문항분석과 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 참여자는 생후 16일에서 42개월 15일의 영유아 1,764명으로, 지역 및 성별, 모의 학 력에 따라서 층화 표집되었다. 문항분석을 위하여 문항반응이론에 근거한 문항 난이도 분석과 고전검사 이론을 통한 문항 통과율을 분석하였고, 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 반분신뢰도를 이용한 내적일관성, 검 사-재검사 신뢰도, 평정자간 일치도를 살펴보았으며, 상호상관검증을 통해 수렴타당도와 변별타당도를 확인하였다. 결과 : 첫째, K-Bayley-Ⅲ 대근육 운동척도의 난이도를 조사한 결과, 총 72개의 문항은 원척도와 유사하 게 쉬운 문항에서 어려운 문항까지 비교적 순차적으로 배치되어 있었다. 또한 시작점과 기저선 문항의 적절성을 알아보기 위하여 월령 단계별 문항 통과율을 확인한 결과, 대부분의 월령 단계에서 시작점과 기저선 문항이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 척도의 신뢰도 분석 결과, 대부분의 월령 단계에서 문항 내적일관성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 검사-재검사 신뢰도 및 평정자간 일치도도 높은 것으로 확인되 었다. 마지막으로 타당도 검증 결과, 대근육 운동척도는 운동척도와는 높은 상호상관을 보인 반면 언어 척도와는 중간 정도의 상호상관을 보여 수렴 및 변별타당도가 확보되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 K-Bayley-Ⅲ 대근육 운동척도가 한국 영유아의 대근육 운동발달을 평가하는데 타 당하고 신뢰로운 척도임이 입증되었다.

Objective: This study verified the psychometric properties of gross motor scale of Korean version of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition(K-Bayley-Ⅲ) through item analyses, validity, and reliability evidence. Methods: Date were obtained from a stratified sample of 1,764 infants and toddlers divided into 17 age groups, 16 days through 42 months 15days old, who reflected key demographic variables in the national population. Results: Firstly, the analysis of the degree of item difficulty indicated that items were appropriately placed in the order of difficulty. Most baseline items showed a 90% pass rate. Secondly, Inter-item consistency showed excellent levels and items were highly reliable in terms of test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. Thirdly, in terms of the construct validity, the Gross Motor Scale of K-Bayley-Ⅲ score revealed a high degree of correlation with the Motor composite score but a significant moderate correlation with the Language composite score, providing evidence of its convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: In this study, K-Bayley-Ⅲ gross motor scale was proved to be a valid and reliable measure for evaluating the development of gross motor in Korean infants.

Baduk, a classical game in the Orient, came to be recognized as a part of wholesome entertainment culture in modern society. Also, it has been used as an educational tool for the infant since some researches showed that Baduk is effective in cognitive development, emotional stability, and all-round education. Currently, a wide range of children participate in Baduk education at about 300 Baduk academies and around 1,600 after-school Baduk classes. However, the infant are difficult to learn Baduk because of difficult jargon and complicated technique embedded in Baduk. To respond to this challenge, this study aims to develop ‘educational Baduk play program’ which comprises elements of interest and fun as well as education.

본 연구는 ‘영아교사용 교수효능감 척도’를 개발하고 이를 타당화하는데 목적이 있었다. 먼 저, 문헌 고찰에 기초하여 교수효능감을 구성하는 3개 요인을 추출하여 1차 시안을 고안하고, 전문가 협의회를 통해 2차 시안을 마련했으며, 예비연구를 실시하여 3차 시안을 완성하였다. 최종문항을 선정하기 위한 본 연구에서는 문항분석 결과와 문항 내용을 고려하여 30문항으로 구성된 최종척도를 확정하였다. 구인타당도 검증은 확인적 요인분석을 통하여 모형의 적합도 와 표준화된 요인부하량(β = .729∼.859)을 확인하였고, 내용타당도는 전문가 검토로 이루어 졌으며, 기존 척도와의 상관분석을 통해 준거타당도(r = .540, p < .001)를 확인하였다. 신뢰도 검증에서는 문항내적일관성신뢰도(Cronbach’s α) .981, 재검사신뢰도(r) .745 로 나타나 본 척도 가 안정적이고 일관성있는 척도임을 확인하였다. 개발된 척도는 영아교사 교수효능감을 보다 타당하게 측정하고 그 결과를 연구와 실제에서 다양하게 활용할 수 있다.

The purpose of the study was to develop a teaching efficacy scale for infant/toddler teachers and to examine its validity and reliability. First, based on the literature review, the first draft was determined by extracting the three constructs of teaching efficacy, the second draft was prepared through the experts’ reviews, and the third draft was completed by conducting a pilot study. The final scale of 30 questions was confirmed by item analysis and the item contents. The construct validity was checked by models’ goodness of fit and the standardized factor loading (β= .729~.859) via confirmatory factor analysis, the content validity was reviewed by experts, and the criterion-related validity was confirmed through the correlation analysis with the existing scales (r = .540, p < .001). In terms of reliability, the results of item internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) were .981 and the results of test-retest reliability (r) were .745, confirming that this scale is a stable and consistent scale. The scale developed in this study is able to more accurately measure the teaching efficacy of infant/toddler teachers and use the results for research and practice.