Earticle

본 연구는 ‘자기이야기(self-narrative)’를 통한 숲밧줄놀이의 개념과 가치를 고찰함으로서 한국에서의 숲밧 줄놀이 개념을 정립하고 그 가치를 통해 교육현장과 여가활동의 방향성을 모색하고자 한다. 구체적인 연구결과는 다음 과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 숲밧줄놀이의 개념적 요소를 추출한 결과, 숲밧줄놀이의 시작은 밧줄을 이용한 매듭에서 시작되었고, 숲에서 이루어지는 체험활동이다. 또한, 밧줄과 매듭을 이용한 놀이활동이다. 따라서 숲밧줄놀이란 “숲이라는 공간에 서 밧줄과 매듭을 이용해 다양한 놀이기구를 만들어 다양한 신체활동을 놀이로 풀어가는 놀이활동”이라고 정의한다. 둘째, 숲밧줄놀이에 관한 문헌자료와 지도자들의 인터뷰를 통해 다음과 같은 가치를 규명할 수 있었다. 숲밧줄놀이는 교육적가치, 신체적 가치, 여가적 가치, 생태철학적 가치가 있다. 이에 본 연구를 통해 고찰된 숲밧줄놀이의 개념과 가치는 다양한 매듭들처럼 국내에 경험교육과 야외교육, 여가교육으 로 널리 접목되어 숲밧줄놀이의 이론정립과 교육현장에서의 학문적 토대를 제공할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept and value of forest rope play through ‘self-narrative’ and to establish the concept of forest rope play in Korea and explore the orientation of the educational field and leisure activities through its value. The specific results of the study are as follows: First, this study found that forest rope play is the experiential activity that takes place in the forest as a result of extracting the conceptual elements of forest rope play. Thus, forest rope play is defined as “a play activity to create a variety of physical activities into a play and make various playing equipment using ropes and knots in the space of forest.” Second, we identified the following values of forest rope play through the literature about literature about the play and the interviews of leaders. Forest rope play has educational, physical, leisure, and ecological philosophical values. Therefore, the concept and value of the forest rope play discussed in this study will be not only widely applied to the experiential education, outdoor education, adventure education, and leisure education in Korea like various knots, but also provide the theoretical basis of forest rope play and the academic foundation in the educational field.

This study proposes HS2PSK-OFDM, a hybrid waveform for vehicular systems using optical camera communication (OCC), which integrates spatial-2-phase-shift-keying (S2-PSK) and rolling-shutter orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (RS-OFDM). The proposed hybrid scheme enables simultaneous transmission of low-rate and high-rate data streams in OCC systems. The low-rate data stream facilitates the detection and tracking of light sources in vehicles to establish OCC links using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm. In contrast, the high-rate data stream transmits high-rate data, which are supported by region-of-interest (RoI) updates derived from the low-rate data stream. This process reduces the noise and computational costs of high-rate data streams in mobile environments. Deep learning techniques have also been proposed to improve the decoder performance of high data rate streams (RS-OFDM decoder) in highly mobile environments. This paper analyzes the technical considerations of the HS2PSK-OFDM scheme-based deep learning approach to validate its performance in mobile environments. In addition, the implementation results are presented to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid scheme.

Purpose: Clinical reasoning, which is based on an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanismsof diseases, is a core nursing competency that involves analyzing patient-related data and providingappropriate nursing practices. Simulation-based education is effective in improving clinical reasoningcompetencies and communication skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of virtual simulation-basedlearning in improving the communication skills and clinical reasoning competencies ofundergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a single-group pretest and posttest quasi-experimentaldesign to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning. Data werecollected from June to September 2020. Thirty-seven nursing students in their third and fourth yearsof study who understood the purpose of this study were selected as participants. The collected datawere analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Winsteps 3.68.2. Results: The communication skills (t =?12.80, p < .001) and clinical reasoning competency (t = ?4.67, p < .001) of the undergraduate nursingstudents who participated in the virtual simulation-based learning program improved significantlyafter participation. Additionally, a Rasch model analysis revealed that the overall clinical reasoningcompetency of undergraduate nursing students improved. Conclusion: Virtual simulation-based learningprograms for nursing students should be developed and implemented.

This study aims to clarify the relationship between subjective perception and performance in the communicative learning using Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication (SCMC). In this study, we developed four types of SCMC: videoconferencing (image and voice), audioconferencing (no image and voice), text-chat with image (image and no voice) and plain text-chat (no image and no voice). In this experiment, each system aids learners in being aware of and uttering a target formulaic expression as learning objectives. We investigated the effect of each system on psychological perception and productive performance, as well as the relationship between perception and performance. The results show that image and voice promote consciousness of natural communication and relief, while a text-mediated system enhances confidence in grammatical accuracy. In order to clarify the relationship between perception and performance, multiple regression analysis was conducted using perception as the independent variable and performance as the dependent variable. The results indicate that consciousness of natural communication and the use of the voice communication affect factors such as the number of utterances, while interlocutor’s image and voice and consciousness of grammatical accuracy lead to self-correction.

사례들의 변별민감도에 영향을 미치는 시간지연 요인을 통해 학습-전이단계 실험패러다임에서 퇴행성 뇌손상 환자들이 나타내는 범주화와 재인의 해리를 단일기억체계로 설명할 수 있는지를 살펴보았다. Knowlton과 Squire(1993)로 대표되는 선행연구들은 뇌손상 환자들이 나타내는 범주화와 재인의 해리를 다중기억체계의 일차적 증거로 간주해왔다. 본 연구에서는 전이단계의 시간지연에 따른 변별민감도의 감소가 범주화와 재인에 차별적인 영향을 미침으로써 해리가 일어날 가능성을 찾아보았다. 특히 선행연구들이 범주화와 재인의 전이단계에서 서로 다른 항목을 제시하였던 것과는 달리, 전이단계에서 동일한 항목들을 제시함으로써 실험참가자들의 수행을 직접 비교하였다. 그리고 정확반응률 뿐만 아니라 반응시간을 종속변인에 포함시켰다. 실험참가자는 학습단계에서 무선 점패턴 자극들을 범주학습하거나 개별사례들로 학습한 후, 즉시, 1주, 또는 2주 지연 후에 범주화와 재인 과제를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 시간지연에 따라 정확반응률이 감소하고 정확반응시간이 느려졌지만, 정확반응률과 정확반응시간 모두에서 시간지연과 과제 간에 상호작용이 없었다. 즉, 시간지연이 범주화와 재인에 차별적인 영향을 주지는 않았다. 그러나 범주화와 재인 별로 분석해 본 결과, 시간지연에 따라 범주화는 정확반응률과 정확반응시간에서 차이가 없는 반면, 재인은 정확반응률이 저하되고 정확반응시간도 느려졌다. 논의에서는 이 연구의 함의와 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

The dissociation of recognition and categorization is found in brain-damaged patients at learning-transfer phase experimental paradigm. We investigated whether time delay variable that has an effect on discrimination sensitivity among instances for performance can explain dissociation of recognition and categorization within the frame of single memory system. Knowlton & Squire(1993) considered dissociation of categorization and recognition in brain-damaged patients as a primary evidence for multiple-memory system. In our study we tried to find out the possibility that the dissociation could be shown due to time delay that can have discriminative effect on categorization and recognition individually. Especially, unlike previous studies that took different tests in the transfer phase of categorization and recognition, we presented the same tasks at the transfer phase and compared the performance results directly. We added reaction time as a dependent variable besides accurate response. Participants completed the categorization and recognition test phase either immediately or after 1 week and 2 weeks delay after learning phase by using dot pattern task. As a result, accurate response rate decreased and accurate response time was also slow due to time delay. There was no interaction effect between the task and the time delay both accurate response rate and time. In other words, time delay variable didn't have distinctive effect on categorization and recognition. However, when the results were analyzed separatedly for the two tasks, categorization performance was not affected whereas recognition performance was decreased due to the time delay. The implications of these results were discussed in the final section.

이 硏究는 双對聯合學習場面의 言語學習에 미치는 媒介効果를 알아보고자 하였다. 實驗 I에서는 8개의 媒介聯合圖式에서, 그리고 實驗 II에서는 I, V, VII의 3개의 圖式에서 각기 媒介効果를 檢討하였다. 피험자는 實驗 I 에서는 女子大學生이었고 實驗 II에서는 女子高等學生이었으며 實驗 I은 個人實驗이었고, 實驗 II는 集團實驗이었다. 双對構成에서는 우리말 無意味綴字를 材料로 한 混合設計를 使用하였다. 結果는 實驗 I, II의 各圖式에서 거의 媒介効果가 없었으며, 이것은 다른 硏究에서 보여 주는 强한 媒介効果와는 相反되는 것이었다. 이 硏究結果를 中心으로 보면 媒介効果는 聯合圖式만으로 決定 된다기 보다는 다른 要因(例로서 課題變因)과 相互作用에 의한 것이 아닌가 考慮되며, 一部에서 提起된 認知的要因의 重要性도 감안하는 것이 바람직하다. 더욱이 最近에 登場한 STM 및 LTM 모델을 媒介過程硏究에 適用할 必要性을 論하였다.

This study was purported to reaffirm the existence of mediation effects in the three stage transfer situation. Experiment I was conducted to find out mediation effects in the eight paradigms using paired associate learning. Dropping method was used to equalize the degree of learning of each pair in stage I and stage II. The results showed that among eight paradigms, significant mediation effect was found only in the paradigm I and mediation-tendency was observed in the paradigm V, though not signiffcant. Experiment II was to retest the mediation effect in the group situation using only three paradigms; I, V and VII. Contrary to the findings of Experiment I, mediation-tendency was observed only in the paradigm VII. The results of these two experiments were rather inconsistent with thestrong mediation effects in the other experiments (e.g., Horton and Kjeldergaard, 1961; Cramer (1967). Our results might be due to the use of dropping method (Experiment I) in which the degree of prior learning might not be sufficient to enhance mediation effects in the test stage. Many other reasons such as the confusion between implicit mediation of each stage and over mediation were also presented to explain the findings of this study. It was suggested that the study of these mediation related variables might be more appropriate for the further study on the mediation than the experiments to test the existence of mediation effects might. It was also suggested that the nature and locus of mediation might be analyzed and interpreted in terms of memory process, especially the "naming process" in STM and LTM.

최근 대학교육에 있어서 경험교육의 중요성이 날로 강조되고, 산학협력의 필요성이 증가하는 가운데 학습능력 향상과 인지·정의적 성장의 효과를 동시에 달성할 수 있는 전공연계 봉사-학습에 대한 관심이 확대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 응용실천학문으로서 현장경험교육의 요소를 중요시하고, 사회적책임감, 자기효능감 등 실천 가치를 강조하는 학문 분야인 사회복지전공 교과목에서 봉사-학습(Service-Learning)을 진행하고 현장연구(Action Research)를 수행함으로써 봉사-학습의 효과성을 확인하였다. 즉 선행연구 검토를 통하여 봉사-학습의 효과로 밝혀진 사회적책임감, 학습동기화, 직업준비도, 자기효능감에 있어서 실제로 효과가 있는지 분석한 것이다. 특히 본 연구에서는 봉사-학습 효과의 인과관계를 명확히 분석하기 위하여 통제집단을 둔 사전-사후검사설계로 분석하였으며, 학습에 대한 동기화와 직업준비도에 있어서 유의미한 효과가 있다는 분석결과를 얻었다. 이는 봉사-학습의 교육적 유용성을 보여준 결과라고 할 수 있으며, 봉사-학습 교수법은 향후 다양한 전공과정에서 전공별 특성에 맞게 적용해볼 만한 새로운 교수법이라고 볼 수 있다.

Korean universities' interest in experiential education and needs to collaborate with industrial organizations has grown recently. Along with this, interest in Service-Learning embedded in course work (Academic Service-Learning) has grown in the university setting because of its potential to enhance students' learning competency and cognitive and motivational aspects. This action research conducted during one social welfare course has investigated the effects of Service-Learning Experience on the following aspects(dimensions), such as social responsibility, career preparation, motivation, and self-efficacy. In order to investigate the effects of service learning experience on the above four aspects(social responsibility, preparation for careers, motivation, and self-efficacy), an experimental design was used. Students' semester-long experience of participating in the Service-Learning activities enhanced their motivation and career preparation. It is conjectured that the introduction of Service-Learning activities during the various courses are beneficial for students' learning.

현재 운영되고 있는 12개소의 국립박물관은 문화재의 전시, 보관, 복원과 함께 문화재 체험학습교육 등 교육프로그램을 동시에 수행하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 국립박물관에서 진행되고 있는 청소년의 문화재체험학습교육 현황과 문제점을 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 바람직한 체험학습방향을 제시하고자 한다. 연구결과, 박물관 이용 대상자 중 청소년이 차지하는 비율은 총 4.23%로 매우 낮은 것으로 조사됐다. 어린이와 성인의 중간단계인 청소년에 대한 체험학습은 현재 보다 높은 비율로 교육을 제공해야한다. 이는 청소년기의 문화재 체험학습은 가족교육프로그램과 학교교육프로그램을 통하여 가족 및 주변 그룹과의 친밀성과 유대관계 강화를 유도할 수 있기 때문이다. 그리고 가족과 학교가 함께하는 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 현재 박물관의 문화재 체험학습은 종류가 방대하고 중복되어 있어, 지역 문화재 정체성 확립에 어려움을 주고 있다. 문제제기에 따른 해결방법으로, 첫째, 지역을 대표하는 문화재를 선정하여 상설화된 체험교육의 대상을 삼고, 둘째, 중앙박물관과 지방 국립방물관의 상호 연계를 통하여 교육프로그램의 매뉴얼과 시스템을 만들어야 한다. 마지막으로 가상공간을 통한 문화재 체험학습을 통하여 박물관이외의 공간에서 문화재를 감상하고, 직접 만지는 것과 같은 체험을 할 수 있게 해야 한다. 미래지향적 교육프로그램의 개발은 세계화된 박물관 교육시스템을 구축하게 하며, 나아가 우리나라의 역사와 정체성을 세계로 홍보할 수 있는 계기가 된다

The statistics from all the 12 national museums of our country says that the rate of visits of youth ages among all the annual visitors reaches only 4.23%. The education of learning our cultural properties and feeling pride on our culture is very important for our future generation. In this sense, there is a necessity to encourage the youth ages for visiting museums to have more experiences in understanding our culture. The author suggests some programs for developing educational systems which will lead the youth ages to participate more actively in diverse experiences

This research examined the effects of learning on driving simulation game in virtual reality environment. We tested the difference of presence and learning effects such as learning persistence and learning transfer between general monitor and 3D virtual reality device, Oculus Rift by playtesting experiment. One hundred drivers with a license participated in the experiment of two modes of gaming environment. As a result, the user’s presence was found to be significantly higher in VR than general monitor game. As functional effects of the driving serious game, learning persistence and transfer of learning showed significant differences between two modes. This study validates the effects of virtual reality on learning, as an aspect of serious game function. The results contributes to theoretical and practical application of virtual reality in interactive serious games in the future.

Teaching English syntax that a “creative problem-solving process” is necessary should first be done by examining inductive data. Learners develop assumptions and present real problems and work together to find and provide a better solutions. What this course seeks is to raise questions about the incomplete, insufficient, or disproportionate information and redefine the problems, which shows that it is significant to apply problem based learning (PBL). Seventy students who took the class of English syntax participated in this research. The English syntax class is divided into non-PBL Class 1 consisting of 26 students and PBL Class 2 consisting of 34 students. The test class was not known to the students in advance. “Understanding English Linguistics” open to the sophomore year is a required subject for taking this course. The total of 8 transfer students who were evenly distributed into the two classes did not take the compulsory subject. We need to note that the scores of the lecture evaluation and the test of the PBL class are both higher than those of the lecture evaluation and the test of the non-PBL class. The application of PBL has affected students’ satisfaction with their lectures, which has been reflected back to an improvement in their examination.

다수의 자동 운반 차량(AGV)을 운용하는 시스템에서는 AGV 간의 충돌, 교착 상태 발생, 그리 고 비효율적인 대기 시간 증가로 인해 전체 시스템의 효율성이 저하되는 문제가 빈번하게 발생한 다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 연속적인 공간으로 모델링된 공장 환경에서 100대의 AGV가 상호 협력을 통해 최적의 경로를 계획하도록 하는 PPO(Proximal Policy Optimization) 기 반 분산 강화학습 모델의 실험 설계를 제안한다. 제안하는 설계는 시뮬레이션 환경 구성, 개별 AGV 에이전트 모델링, 보상 함수 체계, 그리고 학습 구조를 체계적으로 정의함으로써, AGV 간의 충돌을 회피하고 교착 상태를 방지하며 이동 경로상의 비효율을 최소화하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이 설계를 통해 대규모 다중 AGV 시스템의 운영 안전성과 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to find out how to reduce the learning stress that can occur in English learning for foreign students in a Korean university. By the use of the effect of music on human psychotherapy, singing a pop song was used in EFL class and salivary cortisol concentration was analyzed. Twenty foreign students (ten from the control group and ten from the experimental group) at Inje University participated in this experiment. In a naturalistic before-after design, samples of saliva was collected. The average Cortisol concentration of the control group increased from 4.709ng/ml to 5.178 ng/m ( p=0.8203) while the average cortisol concentration of the experimental group decreased significantly from 6.151ng/ml to 4.627ng/ml post (p=0.0156). These results suggest that singing a pop song has positive influences on reducing EFL learning stress.

Many comparative studies on the performance of machine learning (ML) techniques for web cost estimation (WCE) have been reported in the literature. However, not much attention have been given to understanding the conceptual differences and similarities that exist in the application of these ML techniques for WCE, which could provide credible guide for upcoming practitioners and researchers in predicting the cost of new web projects. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three prominent machine learning techniques – Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) – in terms of performance, applicability, and their conceptual differences and similarities for WCE by using data obtained from a public dataset (www.tukutuku.com). Results from experiments show that SVR and ANN provides more accurate predictions of effort, although SVR require fewer parameters to generate good predictions than ANN. CBR was not as accurate, but its good explanation attribute gives it a higher descriptive value. The study also outlined specific characteristics of the 3 ML techniques that could foster or inhibit their adoption for WCE.

이 연구의 목적은 황산구리를 통해 초등학교 4학년과 6학년 학생들의 물질에 대한 관찰능력과 사전지식 수준 및 종류를 조사하고 비교하여, 초등학교 실험 학습 활동을 위한 학습 자료를 마련하기 위한 것이다. 연구를 위하여 80명의 초등학교 4학년과 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 시범실험을 실시하고, 끝이 열린 질문지로 설문조사를 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 첫 번째, 황산구리 결정보다는 황산구리 가루에 대한 시각과 촉각의 감각기관을 통한 관찰 활동에서 더 많은 학생들이 더 다양하게 관찰을 하였다. 두 번째, 황산구리의 물리적 변화에 대한 관찰 활동에서 4학년과 6학년 학생들의 대부분이 용해 개념에 대한 이해가 부족하였으며, 재결정에 대해서도 다양한 의견을 제시하였다. 세 번째, 황산구리의 화학적 변화에 대한 실험 학습 활동에서 4학년 학생들의 응답이 6학년 학생들의 응답보다 다양했다. 그러나 4학년 학생들의 응답은 화학반응 과정 중의 일부 현상에 한정된 장면 관찰이었고, 6학년 학생들의 응답은 화학반응으로 변화되는 과정을 포함한 과정 관찰이었다. 네 번째, 황산구리의 구조에 대한 예상에서 학생들은 다양한 유형의 구조를 제시하였으나, 아무도 과학적으로 인정되는 구조를 제시하지는 못했다. 그러나 초등학교 학생들이 관찰 활동과 시범 실험을 통하여 나름대로 다양한 형태의 황산구리 구조를 예상하는 것으로부터 초등학교 학생들의 다양한 탐구 능력을 엿볼 수 있었다. 따라서 초등학교 학생들에게 황산구리와 같은 친숙한 학습 자료를 이용하여, 물질 분야의 과학적 개념을 지도하는 실험 학습 활동 중심의 과학교육을 지속적으로 시도해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to examine and to compare 4th and 6th grade elementary students' observation ability, prior-knowledge level and type of matter through cooper sulfate, and prepare the concrete material for experimental learning activities. For this study, eighty 4th and 6th grade students were surveyed with the help of open-ended questionnaires and exhibition experiments. The results were as follows. First, in the experimentation on the properties of copper sulfate powder, the higher graders made their observation in more aspects but not in cooper sulfate crystals. Second, in the experimentation on the physical changes of copper sulfate, most of 4th graders and 6th graders didn't understand perspectives of particle theory about solution. Students' experience made response differences about recrystalization. Third, in the experimentation on the chemical changes of cooper sulfate, the responses of 4th graders were more various than that of 6th grade students. Responses of 4th graders concentrated on a scene investigation, but that of 6th graders had a process investigation of scene. Fourth, in predicting the structure of copper sulfate, students produced various patterns according their own thought, but no one were able to suggest the scientifically approved structure. The above findings of research lead us to the diverse experimental functions of copper sulfate and the way to develope into the properties of matter, and shows an example that can be generalized into a wide range of ability to learning properties of matter.

This study aims to survey researches regarding teaching and learning of pronunciation utilizing experimental phonetics. Until the 1990s, contrastive analysis and some phonological theories have long constituted an important domain of research regarding teaching and learning of pronunciation. However, development of experimental phonetics influences strongly on researches regarding teaching and learning of pronunciation. This results in a great increase of research which is based on experimental phonetics related to teaching and learning of Korean pronunciation in the academic publication in 2000s. The rapid growth about teaching and learning of pronunciation related to experimental phonetics would be thanks to Praat which is easy to use without theoretical background or pre-education for use. Praat is a speech analyser which can download through the internet at free of charge, and has various functions such as the measurement of VOT, CD, the values of formant, and providing the contour line of intonation on its spectrogram. Kalvin is a Korean version of Alvin, and is used to evaluate the pronunciation accuracy and audition ability of foreign language learners. In this paper, researches regarding teaching and learning of pronunciation utilizing experimental phonetics are briefly introduced, focusing on the researches using Praat and Kalvin.

인공지능으로 대표되는 4차 산업혁명에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 사회 전반에 빅데이터 및 머신러닝 활용하려는 움직임이 활발해지고 있다. 이러한 움직임은 다양한 분야에서의 예측 시스템 개발로 현실화되고 있다. 특히 영화 산업에서는 투자, 마케팅 등에 활용을 위해 흥행 여부를 사전에 예측하고자하는 여러 가지 시도가 있어왔다. 예전에는 영화에 대한 정적 데이터만을 고려한 예측이 주류를 이뤘으나, 최근에는 실시간으로 생성되는 소셜 데이터를 활용하여 예측하고자하는 노력이 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 영화의 정적 데이터와 더불어 기사, 블로그, 영화평 등 다양한 피드백 정보를 활용한 예측 기법을 제안한다. 또한 제안한 기법을 활용하여 상대적으로 흥행에 성공한 영화만을 대상으로 이들의 흥행정도를 정량적으로 추정할 수 있는지의 여부를 실험적으로 평가하였다.

With increased interest in the fourth industrial revolution represented by artificial intelligence, it has been very active to utilize bigdata and machine learning techniques in almost areas of society. Also, such activities have been realized by development of forecasting systems in various applications. Especially in the movie industry, there have been numerous attempts to predict whether they would be success or not. In the past, most of studies considered only the static factors in the process of prediction, but recently, several efforts are tried to utilize realtime social bigdata produced in SNS. In this paper, we propose the prediction technique utilizing various feedback information such as news articles, blogs and reviews as well as static factors of movies. Additionally, we also experimentally evaluate whether the proposed technique could precisely forecast their revenue targeting on the relatively successful movies.

본 연구의 목적은 코칭이 자기효능감과 학습몰입에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 현장실험을 통해 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해 4년제 대학생 50명(남학생 30명, 여학생 20명)을 연구대상자로 선정하고, 코칭 효과를 검증하기 위해 그들을 25명씩 실험군과 대조군으로 나누었다. 실험군에 속한 대학 생들에게는 교양 비교과 프로그램인 진로코칭 프로그램(진로특강과 코칭)을 진행한 후, 실험 전후에 자기효능감과 학습몰입에 관련된 항목을 검사했다. 대조군에 속한 대학생들에게도 실험 전후에 같은 항목을 검사했다. 코칭 전후에 실험군과 대조군에 어떤 차이가 있는지를 비교하기 위해 수집 된 자료를 근거로 IBM SPSS 220.0 프로그램을 활용하여 분석했다. 그 결과, 코칭을 진행한 후에 실험군의 자기효능감과 학습몰입 수치가 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 코칭이 대학생의 자기효능감 상승과 학습몰입 함양에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝힘으로써 기존 연구의 한계를 보완함과 동시에 코칭이 교양 비교과 프로그램으로서 대학 생의 자기 이해와 학습지도 나아가 진로지도에 적용될 수 있는 유효한 수단임을 확인했다는 차 원에서 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigated the positive effects of coaching as independent variable on self-efficacy and learning flow. To accomplish the purpose of the study, as the purposeful sampling was selected 50 university students in Chungnam, South Korea. This experimental design, 25 university students were assigned to an experimental group, and other 25 university students were assigned to a control group. The experimental group had four sessions of coaching program. The control group did not have any coaching sessions. After four coaching sessions, questionnaires were administrated again. To conduct ANCOVA, pre-measurement scores for each dependent variable were included as covariates and post-measurement scores were included as dependent variable. The result proved the effect of coaching on self-efficacy and learning flow. Major findings of this study are as follows. There was statistically significant difference between and before and after measurement for each dependent variable in experimental group. This result confirmed that coaching caused increase in the level of self-efficacy and learning flow. The result like this has a significance to be able to be used as a basic data that used efficiently in the field of career guidance and human resource development for university student.

Recently, the use of digital social networks in the field of English education has increasingly attracted theattention of researchers. However, previous research has tended to focus on resources like Facebook. Inthis study we focused instead on smartphone applications and determined that they are a critical andvaluable resource for engaging students as active and social language learners. In this vein, this paper aimsto present a strategic learning design for L2 writing classes in a smartphone-based blended learningenvironment. This paper discusses how the smart-phone-based applications Mobile Community (Mocafe)and Kakao Talk can be implemented and blended with offline classes to teach writing. This study alsoevaluates the effectiveness of this experimental blended learning and the impact of its adoption upon peerand teacher feedback. Eight students aged 14-15 from a private language institute participated in this study,and a mixed methods approach was used to acquire both quantitative and qualitative data. This includedquestionnaires, pre- and post-tests, and interviews. The study found that this experimental blended learningapproach increased students’ written output in both quantity and quality. In addition, this study determinedthat students preferred doing asynchronous writing activities through Mobile cafe (Mocafe) to synchronouswriting activities through Kakao Talk. We found that a blended learning approach positively shaped peerand teacher feedback and activated social interaction and student’ participation. These findings concur withthe work of other researchers in the field of collaborative and digital learning including Swain (2006).