Earticle

본 연구는 체대 입시생들의 운동열정, 자기관리, 운동성과의 관계를 규명하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구의 대상은 경기도, 충청권 소재 8곳의 체육관련 학과에 입학을 희망하는 입시생들 대상으로 총 244부의 자료를 SPSS 25.0 통계 프로그램 분석을 통하여 연구 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 강박열정은 대인관리, 훈련관리, 몸관리에 영향을 주는 것으 로 나타났고, 조화열정은 대인관리, 정신관리, 훈련관리 몸관리에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 강박열정은 운동생 활성과에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 조화열정은 운동생활성과, 실전성과에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대인 관리, 정신관리, 훈련관리는 운동생활성과에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 정신관리, 몸관리는 운동성과의 실전성과에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 결과는 체육 입시생 관련 데이터 축적과 입시 현장의 관계자 및 입시생들에게 유익한 정보가 될 것이며 더 나아가 입시생들의 목적을 달성하기 위한 효과적인 방법이 될 것으로 예상한다.

This study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the relationship between exercise passion, self-management, and athletic performance of physical education students. The subjects of the study were students wishing to enter 8 sports-related departments in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong areas. A total of 244 copies of data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program to draw research conclusions. First, obsessive passion was found to affect interpersonal management, training management, and physical management, and harmonious passion was found to affect interpersonal management, mental management, training management, and physical management. Second, obsessive passion was found to affect exercise performance, and harmonious passion was found to affect exercise performance and practical performance. Third, interpersonal management, mental management, and training management were found to affect exercise performance, and mental management and body management were found to affect actual exercise performance. The results obtained through this study are expected to be useful information for the accumulation of data related to athletics entrance exam students, officials in the field of entrance examinations and entrance exam students, and furthermore, it is expected to be an effective method for achieving the goals of entrance exam students.

본 연구는 태권도선수들의 경기력에 대한 심리적 요소의 중요성을 바탕으로 현재 다양한 원인으로 인해 많은 스 트레스와 불안을 경험하고 있는 고등학교 태권도선수들의 운동스트레스, 경쟁 상태불안, 경기력 간의 관계를 규명하여 선수들의 심리상태에 대한 정보를 제공하고 긍정적인 심리상태를 이끄는 방안을 강구하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적 을 달성하기 위해 2017 전국종별태권도선수권 대회에 참가한 태권도 겨루기선수 326명을 대상으로 편의표본추출법 의 하나인 유목적 표집을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 자료처리방법으로는 PASW/PC 21을 통해 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석을 실시하였고 이후 AMOS 18.0을 사용하여 변인간의 관계를 규명하기 위해 확인적 요인분석과 구조방 정식을 실시하였으며, Bootstrapping을 이용하여 간접효과의 유의성을 검증하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 고등학교 태권도 겨루기선수의 운동스트레스는 경쟁 상태불안에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고등학교 태권도 겨루 기선수의 운동스트레스는 경기력에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 고등학교 태권도 겨루기선수의 경 쟁 상태불안은 경기력에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The study aims to define relationships among exercise stress, competitive state anxiety and exercise performance that high-school Taekwondo athletes experience for various reasons and figure out a method of inducing a positive state of mind by providing information on psychology of athletes based on the importance of psychological factors of exercise performance of Taekwondo athletes. Toward this end, data were collected from 326 sparring athletes who participated in 2017 National Taekwondo Championship through purposeful sampling, one of convenience sampling methods. As for a data processing method, frequency analysis, reliability analysis and correlation analysis were conducted through PASW/PC 21, and confirmative factor analysis and structural equation were implemented to define relationships among variables through the use of AMOS 18.0 before verification of significance of indirect effects based on bootstrapping. As a result of analysis, the followings were found out. First, Taekwondo sparring athletes’ exercise stress turned out to have a positive (+) effects on competitive state anxiety. Second, Taekwondo sparring athletes’ exercise stress turned out to have a negative (-) effects on exercise performance. Third, Taekwondo sparring athletes’ competitive state anxiety turned out to have a negative (-) effect on exercise performance.

[목적] 골프종목 특성상 선수를 육성하는 과정에서 부모개입은 필수불가결한 부분이며, 특히 그 개입수준은 다른 종목에 비하여 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구는 골프선수의 운동수행에 미치는 부모개입의 영향을 구체 화하고, 그 개입유형을 탐색하고자 수행되었다. [방법] S시 골프협회 및 대학골프연맹이 주관하는 대회에 참가한 선수 중 연구참여에 동의한 193명을 최종 표집하였다. 이들은 운동수행에 있어 부모의 관여가 ‘방해가 된다고 생 각한 경우’와 ‘도움이 된다고 생각한 경우’로 구성된 개방형설문지에 응답하였으며, 수집된 자료는 귀납적 내용분 석이 이루어졌다. [결과] 먼저 긍정적 영향을 미치는 부모개입은 경제적 지원, 심리적 지지, 보조적 행위, 정서적 안정, 교수적 행위, 거리 유지 순으로 나타났다. 반면 부정적 영향을 미치는 부모개입은 심리적 부담 유발, 심리 적 상처 유발, 연습 관여, 기술적 개입, 생활관리 순으로 나타났다. [결론] 효과적인 부모개입 방안 모색을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

[Purpose] Parent involvement during the process of developing athletes is indispensable due to the characteristics of the sport of golf, and the level of involvement, in particular, is known to be extremely high when compared to other sports. The study was conducted to specify parent involvement affecting the exercise performance of golf students and to explore parent involvement patterns. [Method] Out of all the athletes who participated in the competition supervised by the golf association and college golf federation of S city, the study ultimately sampled 193 subjects who agreed to participate in the research, These subjects answered open-ended surveys asking whether parent involvement was ‘obtrusive’ or ‘helpful’ in terms of exercise performance, and the collected data underwent inductive content analysis. [Results] First of all, positive parent involvement appeared in the order of financial support, psychological support, assisting behavior, emotional stability, instructional behavior, and distance keeping. On the other hand, negative parent involvement appeared in the order of causing psychological burdens, causing psychological scars, getting involved in practice, getting involved in technique, and managing the athlete’s lifestyle. [Conclusion] The study is expected to be used as basic data for seeking an effective parent involvement plan.

이 연구는 경호무도지도학과의 경호무도수업에 참여하고 있는 학생 203명을 대상으로 성취 목표성향과 열정, 그리고 지속적인 운동수행의 관계를 살펴보았으며, 그 결과를 간략하게 제시 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경호무도 참여자들의 성취목표성향은 열정에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 성취목표성향은 강박열정보다는 조화열정에 보다 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경호무도 참여자들의 열정은 지속적인 운동수행에 유의한 영향을 미치 지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경호무도 참여자의 성취목표성향은 지속적인 운동수행에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship among achievement goal orientation, passion and exercise performance of Security Martial-Art participants. this research chose people who were learning Security Martial-Art participants and used the random sample to select those persons. To process the data, this research conducted exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis with SPSS 15.0 program. And implemented confirmatory factor analysis and structure model analysis with AMOS 7.0. The results were as follows. first, achievement goal orientation of Security Martial-Art participants had significantly positive influence on passion. second, passion of Security Martial-Art participants had not significantly positive influence on exercise performance. third, achievement goal orientation of Security Martial-Art participants had not significantly positive influence on exercise performance.

본 연구에서는 전문운동선수들의 자기관리행동이 스포츠 자신감 및 운동수행에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 규명 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 굉주 및 전남지역 고등학교 및 일반팀 우슈선수 268명을 편의표집하였다. 이들을 대상으로 설문조사하여 구조방정식모형분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 전문운동선수들의 자기관리행동이 스포츠 자신감에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전문운동선수들의 자기관리행동이 운동수행에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전문운동선수들의 스포츠자신감이 운동수행에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 전문운동선수들의 자기관리행동이 스포츠자신감과 운동수행에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 스포츠자심감이 자기관리행동과 운동수행에서 매개 변인으로서 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of athletes' self - management behavior on sport self - confidence and exercise performance. For this purpose, 268 Wushu athletes from high schools and general teams in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Jeonbuk regions were collected. The following conclusions were obtained through analysis of structural equation model. First, the self - management behaviors of Professional athlete showed a positive (+) influence on sport self - confidence. Second, the self - management behaviors of Professional athlete showed a positive (+) influence on exercise performance. Third, the sport self - confidence of Professional athlete showed a positive (+) influence on exercise performance. Therefore, the self - management behaviors of Professional athlete have an important influence on sports self - confidence and exercise performance, and it is confirmed that sports self - confidence plays a mediating role in self - management behavior and exercise performance.

[목적] 이 연구의 목적은 골프참가자의 자기관리와 운동성과의 관계에서 몰입의 매개효과를 규명하는 것이다. [방법] 2023년 7월 현재 경북지역에서 골프에 참여하는 성인 252명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 데이터 분석은 SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 18.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 구조방정식모형 분석 을 하였다. [결과] 연구 결과는 첫째, 자기관리는 몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기관리는 운동성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 몰입은 운동성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나 타났다. 넷째, 자기관리와 운동성과의 관계에서 몰입은 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 골프 참가자의 운 동성과를 향상시키는 방안으로써 철저한 자기관리를 전제로 몰입을 끌어내는 것이 중요함을 알 수 있다.

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to identify the mediating effects of the flow in the relationship between self management and exercise performance of golf participants. [Method] The subjects of the study were 252 adults who had experienced golf in Gyeongsangbuk-do province in July, 2023. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling were enforced in processing the data, using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. [Result] The results of the study were the followings: First, the self-management of golf participants had positive effects on their flow. Second, the self-management of golf participants had positive effects on their exercise performance. Third, the flow of golf participants had positive effects on their exercise performance. Fourth, flow played a mediating role in the relationship between the self-management and exercise performance golf participants. [Conclusion] In summary, It can be seen that it is important to elicit immersion on the premise of thorough self-management as a way to improve the athletic performance of golf participants.

Background The range of motion of the ankle joint in stroke patients facilitates the smooth performance of functional movements and highlights the necessity of adequate ankle joint range of motion for performing these functional movements. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sit-to-stand exercises combined with joint mobilization with movements (MWM) and passive ankle stretching followed by sit-to-stand exercises on lower extremity functions, balance, and gait performance in stroke patients. Study design Two-group pre- and post-test design Methods A total of 34 chronic stroke patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Sit-to-stand using MWM group (SUG) performed sit-to-stand exercises combined with MWM. Passive stretching group (PSG) performed passive ankle stretching followed by sit-to-stand exercises. A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the interactions between the two groups. The statistical significance level (α) was set at 0.05. Results SUG showed statistically significant difference in the dorsiflexion active range of motion (AROM), the five time sit-to-stand (FTSTS) and the 10-meter walking (10MWT) (p < 0.05). PSG showed statistically significant difference in the FTSTS and 10MWT (p < 0.05). A post-hoc analysis was conducted to compare pre- and post-test outcomes between groups; however, no statistically significant differences were found in dorsiflexion AROM, the FTSTS and 10MWT. (p >0.05). Conclusions Sit-to-stand exercise combined with MWM may be suggested as an effective program for improving lower extremity functions, balance, gait performance of stroke patients.

Sildenafil citrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiester-ase type-5 used to treat erectile dysfunction. We investigated the ef-fects of sildenafil citrate treatment on peripheral fatigue and exercise performance after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. The rats in the sildenafil citrate-treated groups received sildenafil citrate orally once a day for 14 consecutive days at respective dosage. On the 14 days after starting experiment, each animal was submitted to swimming test with intensity equivalent to overload. The exhaustion was defined as a state in which coordinated movements did not return to the water surface for breathing within 10 sec. Western blot for monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1, MCT4, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were per-formed. Exhaustive swimming exercise decreased time of exhaustion and increased lactate concentration, however, sildenafil citrate en-hanced time of exhaustion and decreased lactate concentration. Ex-haustive swimming exercise increased MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in the gastrocnemius muscles and sildenafil citrate further enhanced MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. Exhaustive swimming exercise decreased nNOS expression in the gastrocnemius muscles and sildenafil citrate enhanced nNOS expres-sion in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. The most potent effect appeared in the 20-mg/kg sildenafil citrate. Sildenafil citrate might be proposed as a potential ergogenic aid through antiperipheral fatigue.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the combined re-covery method of cold water immersion (CWI) and protein supplement intake after eccentric exercise that causes muscle fatigue in elite soc-cer players. Eleven semiprofessional soccer players participated in this study. Participants were divided into CWI group, combined protein and CWI group (PCWI), and passive resting group (CON). The participants completed the eccentric exercise for one hour and performed one of three recovery methods. The muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles significantly decreased at 48-hr postexercise com-pared to before exercise in all recovery groups (P<0.05), with no signifi-cantly different between the recovery groups. The time required to sprint 40 m was significantly longer in all groups at 24 hr and 48 hr after exercise than before exercise (P<0.05). The vertical jump height was significantly decreased at 48 hr after exercise compared to before ex-ercise in the CON and CWI groups (P<0.05). The muscle soreness val-ues were higher at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after exercise than before exer-cise in all groups (P<0.001). The perceived recovery quality was re-duced after exercise in the PCWI (P<0.01) and CON groups (P<0.001) compared to before exercise; it was unchanged in the CWI group. The recovery quality decreased at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after exercise in all recovery groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, the combined recovery meth-od was less effective than CWI alone for the recovery of exercise per-formance.

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish a safe and effective way to participate in sports activities by analyzing the dynamic balance ability and whole body muscle function according to the functional movement score (FMS) and by confirming the effect on the exercise performance ability of college students. Methods: We assessed 27 male college students. They were divided into the High FMS group and Low FMS group based on a total score of 14. The dynamic balance ability of both arms and feet was measured with the Y-balance test kit, and each hand-push, hand-pull, upper body-push, upper body-push, trunk rotation, lower body-push, and lower body-pull were measured with the smart muscle testing device. Results: The Lower Quarter Y-balance test and whole body muscle function measurements showed that the High FMS group was significantly higher than the Low FMS group (p<.05) in all items. The Upper Quarter Y-balance test measurements of the High FMS group was significantly higher than that of the Low FMS group in the right medial (p=0.016), right composite (p=0.004), and left composite (p=0.021). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the High FMS group's Lower Quarter dynamic balance ability, Upper Quarter dynamic balance ability, and whole body muscle function were superior to those of the Low FMS group, confirming that the FMS score is related to the general public's exercise performance ability. Therefore, it seems that it can be provided as basic data for safe and effective training for the general public's continuous participation in sports activities.

This study examined the effects of kinesiology taping leggings on exer-cise performance and physiological responses during CrossFit training in women aged 20–30 years. A randomized crossover design was em-ployed with 42 healthy participants. Each participant completed two 3-week training periods wearing either taping leggings or regular leg-gings, separated by a 2-week washout period. Sixteen variables, in-cluding strength, endurance, power, agility, balance, proprioception, functional movement, heart-rate variability, exercise satisfaction, and lower-limb circumference, were measured. Significant improvements were observed in isokinetic strength (148.25±12.45 to 151.78±12.38 N·m), joint-position sense (2.18°±0.65° to 1.95°±0.62°), exercise satis-faction (6.85±1.42 to 7.34±1.28), and edema reduction (31.5% decrease). Most other fitness variables showed improvement trends but were not statistically significant. Taping leggings provided selective but meaning-ful benefits in enhancing proprioception, improving subjective satisfac-tion, and reducing edema during CrossFit training.

Unbalanced movements between the bilateral sides may lead to dyski-nesia and reduced motor function. The upper limbs are the most com-plex joints with different rate of usage between the limbs. The dominant side is repeatedly used more than the contralateral side for better dex-terity and musculoskeletal utility. Such imbalance between the two bi-lateral sides may lead to further difference in movement ability. This study aimed to observe the feasibility of the mirror feedback method in the upper limb movements in the old people with mild cognitive impair-ment. Twenty-seven-old people with history of stroke were selected. Motion sensors were used to assess the location and motion of two limbs in synchronized lateral raise that include the abduction and ad-duction motions during the mirror feedback and no feedback trials. The results of the mirror feedback showed comparatively similar motions between the left and right upper limbs. The results of the study may in-dicate possible recommendation of mirror feedback method for syn-chronizing exercise motion of the upper limbs for the old people with mild cognitive impairment.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether 1 week of train-ing cessation can affect exercise performance in well-trained soccer players. Upon the completion of a competitive season, 11 male soccer players went through 1-week training cessation. Performances in the 5-m (1.05±0.04 sec vs 1.02±0.03 sec, P=0.03) and 10-m (1.79±0.06 sec vs 1.74±0.06 sec, P=0.03) sprints were significantly increased after 1 week of detraining with a trend for an increase in the 20-m sprint per-formance (3.07±0.06 sec vs 3.02±0.07 sec, P=0.06). However, the re-peated sprint performance (total sprint time [45.7±2.6 sec vs 48.0±2.6 sec, P=0.01] and fatigue index [5.8%±2.8% vs 7.8%±3.2%; P=0.04]) were reduced. In addition, no significant differences were observed for the 30 m (4.23±0.06 sec vs 4.24±0.09 sec, P=0.63), agility (right: 8.08±0.17 sec vs 8.03±0.37 sec, P=0.54; left: 8.05±0.21 sec vs 8.04±0.30 sec, P=0.84), coordination (13.98±1.21 sec vs 14.06±1.34 sec, P=0.75), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (1,040.0±291.8 m vs 1,134.5±232.7 m, P=0.08), and knee extensors and flexors peak torques at all applied an-gular velocities (P<0.05) after detraining. These results indicate that short-term detraining for well-trained soccer players has a significant effect on the speed endurance performance. It is therefore important for the players and their coaches to plan a suitable training program to maintain exercise performance especially speed endurance during off-season.

This research is composed of one preliminary test and three primary tests targeting 8 high school cycle players, and aims at investigating an influence of carbohydrate mouth rinse on aerobic exercise performance ability of Heart Rate (HR), Distance and Rating of Perceived exertion(RPE) and presenting an effective solution to it. For this research, 8 high school cycle players are selected. Then the preliminary test and the three primary tests of Normal race (NO) group, Maltodextrin mouth rinse race(MA) group, and Saccharin mouth rinse race (SA) group are fulfilled. The preliminary test takes fulfills the check of the basic body composition component of stature, weight, body fat, etc., and checks the maximum oxygen consumption using gas analyzer. The primary test arranges 70% strength of Wmax value measured by the preliminary test, and carries out one-hour time trial staying over 80rpm. When it can't stay over 80 rpm, the race is supposed to be quit. The primary test is proceeded in the respectively different ways. NO group proceeds a general race of routeway strength without doing anything. MA group proceeds a race of the same strength after mouth rinse of 7% maltodextrin liquid 25 ml of 70 g/1L for 15 seconds before exercise, and SA group proceeds a race of the same strength after mouth rinse of 0.1% saccharin liquid 25ml of 1g/1L for 15 seconds before exercise. Every 15 minutes during exercise, using RPE scale, the test checks on aerobic exercise performance ability and individual exercise intensity which each student feels. To put the research finding together, the primary test of carbohydrate mouth rinse shows the increase in aerobic exercise performance ability of HR, Distance and the affirmative results in RPE of individual subjective feels of exercise intensity. This shows that carbohydrate mouth rinse before exercise may induce an affirmative physiological change from the players. This result seems to make sure of an improvement effect in exercise performance and fatigue. However, in consideration of personal difference, it is thought that it would be necessary to continually study on metabolic test at various exercise type and strength through carbohydrate mouth rinse in long-term, on the basis of this research finding.

Few studies have shown the impact of unhealthy habits on arterial stiff-ness, respiratory muscle strength and exercise performance in early normal weight adulthood. This study sought to determine the effects of physical activity and smoking on its parameters in normal weight male participants. Forty-eight participants were divided into four groups: phys-ically inactive nonsmokers and smokers and physically active nonsmok-ers and smokers (n=12 in each group). All of the participants were mea-sured for body composition, arterial stiffness, respiratory muscle strength and exercise performance. Two-way analysis of variance design was used to test the main and interaction effects of physical activity by group (smokers vs. nonsmokers). P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant difference. As a result, cardio-ankle vascular index and respiratory muscle strength were diminished in smokers and physically inactive participants, while body and visceral fat mass were increased in both those groups. Fat-free mass was lower in only physi-cally inactive participants. This study also found the interaction effects on body fat and arterial stiffness. In conclusion, participants with healthy normal weight, but smoked and performed inappropriate physical activ-ity, exhibited body composition imbalance, decreased respiratory mus-cle strength, exercise performance, and increased arterial stiffness. Therefore, smoking cessation and exercise in younger adults are appro-priate ways of improving body composition, respiratory muscle strength, aerobic capacity and arterial stiffness instead of trying to control their weight by smoking.

Voluntary exercise has previously been shown to enhance cognitive recovery after acquired brain injury (ABI). The present study evaluated effects of two differentially distributed protocols of delayed, voluntary exercise on cognitive recovery using an allocentric place learning task in an 8-arm radial maze. Fifty-four Wistar rats were subjected to either bilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix (FF) or to sham surgery. Twen-ty-one days postinjury, the animals started exercising in running wheels either for 14 consecutive days (FF/exercise daily [ExD], sham/ExD) or every other day for 14 days (FF/exercise every second day [ExS], sham/ExS). Additional groups were given no exercise treatment (FF/not exer-cise [NE], sham/NE). Regardless of how exercise was distributed, we found no cognitively enhancing effects of exercise in the brain injured animals. Design and protocol factors possibly affecting the efficacy of post-ABI exercise are discussed.

Physical performance (PP) and functional balance (FB) abnormalities are frequently encountered problems in patients on maintenance renal hemodialysis (MRH). Although the exercise therapy is an adjunctive to the routine medical care for patients with chronic kidney disease of various stages; but the benefits as well as the long-term effects of different exercises on the PP and FB in patients on MRH are not yet fully described. In this study; Sixty-six patients on MRH (36 males, 30 females), age 35–45 years, were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: aerobic exercise training group (AETG), resistance exercise training group (RETG), and control group (CG). The PP (evaluated using the 6-min walk test “6MWT”) and the FB (evaluated via the Berg balance scale “BBS”) were the main study outcomes evaluated prestudy (evaluation-1), after 3 months (evaluation-2) and 2 months poststudy cessation (evaluation-3). Results revealed that the PP and FB mean values and percentages of changes at evaluation-2 were 444.25± 21.83 (33.1%), 413.57 ±28.55 (22.52%), 337 ±12.23 (0.33%) m, 50.05 ±0.89 (22.95%), 49.95± 2.06 (22.52%), 41.28± 1.75 (0.94%) for AETG, RETG, and CG respectively. At evaluation-3; the PP and FB mean values and the percentage of changes were 425± 21.49 (27.36), 366.86± 17.47 (8.5%), 336.68 (0.42%) m, 44.4± 1.85 (8.06%), 42.95± 2.04 (5.003%), 39.48± 2.06 (-4.44%) for AETG, RETG, and CG respectively. In conclusions; both aerobic exercise training (AET) and resistance exercise training (RET) have favorable effects, with the AET has higher short and long-term favorable effects on the PP and FB than RET in patients on MRH.