Earticle

가우디의 초기 저술은 그 희소성에도 불구하고 연구대상으로서는 특별한 조명을 받지 못하였다. 하지만 초기 저술 속에는 가우디의 건축 사상과 설계과정의 특성을 이해할 수 있는 다양한 실마리가 장식이라는 표현 속에 감추어져 있다. 따라서 본 논문의 목적은 가우디의 초기 저술을 분석하여 가우디 건축의 디자인 체계를 만들고 이를 동시대의 건축사조들과 비교분석함으로서 가우디 건축을 이해하는 다른 접근방법을 제시하는 데에 있으며 이를 통해 가우디 작품에 대한 이해의 영역을 확대하고자 한다. 먼저 저술 속에 반복적으로 나오는 용어들을 중심으로 분석을 하여 용어의 의미를 구체화하고 이후 디자인 체계를 구성하는 기타 용어들과의 관계를 다이어그램화한다. 다음으로 아르누보, 고딕복고주의, 구조합리주의, 스페인 모데르니스모의 네 가지 사조들을 근본 사상, 기존 양식의 계승, 자연과의 관계, 구조적 특성, 장식적 특성, 미적 특성의 여섯 가지 주요 논점을 중심으로 가우디의 디자인 체계와 비교 분석하였다.

Despite their rarity, early writings of Gaudí did not receive any special lighting as the study. But early writings are hidden the variety of clues in the expression of a ‘decoration’ to understand the characteristics of Gaudí's architectural ideas and design process. Thus the purpose of this study is to analyse the early writings of Gaudí to create a design framework of Gaudí's architecture and compare with the Modern architectural thoughts for presenting a different approach to understand the Gaudí's architecture and expanding the scope of the understanding of Gaudí's works. First, by analysis around the term appearing repeatedly in the writings embody the meaning of the term. and diagram the relationships with other terms that make up the design framework. The four kinds of thoughts - Art Nouveau, Gothic Revival, Structural Rationalism, Spain Modernismo - were compared with that of Gaudí's design framework by focusing six main issues - fundamental thoughts, relationship between nature, succession of existing styles, structural characteristics, ornamental characteristics, aesthetics.

This paper introduces a novel application of the “conceive, design, implement, operate (CDIO)” framework to improve the thoroughness and organization of academic editorial review processes. It demonstrates that the CDIO framework, originally applied to engineering education, can also be adapted for reviewing creative and interdisciplinary ideas. The adaptation of the CDIO framework for editorial review is already evident in scholarly publications, and this paper extends its application to include reviews of content produced by artificial intelligence (AI) platforms. The “conceive” stage focuses on developing clear research questions and objectives that align with the key moments of article conception. It ensures that content produced by AI begins with an ethical scientific foundation and maintains this integrity throughout the process. The “design” stage emphasizes maintaining scientific accuracy and clarity of presentation. It considers all critical manuscript design elements and incorporates methods to evaluate the originality and rationality of AI-generated data and analysis. The “implementation” stage is concerned with the effective communication of findings, providing insights into how the manuscript is perceived. It is crucial for data generation or tool usage involving AI. The “operate stage” involves analyzing the findings and their overall impact on the field, ensuring a comprehensive assessment from all perspectives when AI-generated content is integrated into academic discourse, which has broader implications. By applying the CDIO framework innovatively, this paper offers a systematic and comprehensive method for conducting editorial reviews. This ensures that manuscripts generated by AI are subjected to the same rigorous scrutiny as those authored by humans. This approach improves the quality, transparency, and reputation of scholarly publications. We examine each stage of the CDIO process, achieving uniformity and clarity, and providing a more precise evaluation of both traditional and AI-assisted academic research.

최근 게임상의 아이템을 현금화하여 게임 플레이를 통하여 본을 벌 수 있다는 개념의 P2E(Play to Earn)게임 들이 많이 생겨났다. 일부 저소득 국가에서는 일을 할 때보다 돈을 더 많이 벌게 되는 일이 벌어지면서 많 은 게임 기업들은 각자의 메인넷을 만들어서 각자의 생태계 안에서 게임을 서비스하고 있다. 초기에는 코딩 을 할 수 있어야만 NFT 발행이 가능했다. 하지만 코딩을 하지 않아도 되는 형태의 NFT 응용프로그램이 제 작되고 제작된 응용프로그램을 통하여 NFT 발행을 진행한다. 하지만 해당 응용프로그램들은 많은양의 그림 파일들을 다루기 때문에 한꺼번에 많은 발행 작업을 하면 컴퓨터 메모리 사용량이 지속적으로 늘어나는 단 점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 새로운 NFT Game 프레임워크를 설계하고 구현하고 자 한다. 설계된 프레임워크는 기존의 문제점인 지속적으로 늘어나는 메모리를 정리하여 저사양 컴퓨터에서 도 원하는 만큼의 NFT를 발행 수 있게 지원하고자 한다. 또한 기능을 추가하여 자동으로 오픈마켓에 배포 할 수 있는 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 프레임워크는 3가지의 형태의 각 기능 역할을 하고있는 Market System 프레임워크, Game 프레임워크, NFT Conveter 프레임워크로 설계했다. C# 기반으로 제작하였으 며 게임엔진에 적용하기 위하여 Unity3D엔진으로 개발된 게임을 사용하였습니다. 프레임워크를 활용하여 아 이템 데이터를 NFT 토큰을 발행하여 마켓에 등록했다. 토큰의 Metadata에는 7가지의 의상 데이터 정보와 6 가지의 캐릭터 설정 정보 및 배경 화면을 등급을 나누고 분류하여 각각의 희소성을 부여했다. 본 연구의 결 과물로 Unity 기반의 게임들이 해당 프레임워크를 사용하여 다양한 형태로 NFT 발행을 확대 적용하는 것을 기대해 본다.

Recently, there have been many P2E (Play to Earn) games with the concept of cashing in game items and making a model through game play. In some low-income countries, many game companies are creating their own mainnets and serving games within their ecosystems, as more money is made than when they work. Initially, NFT issuance was possible only when coding was possible. However, an NFT application program that does not require coding is produced and NFT is issued through the produced application program. However, since these applications deal with a large amount of picture files, there is a disadvantage in that the computer memory usage continues to increase if a large number of publishing tasks are performed at once. In this study, we intend to design and implement a new NFT Game framework to solve these problems. The designed framework aims to support the issuance of as many NFTs as desired even in low-end computers by organizing the existing problem, the ever-increasing memory. It also adds features to provide the ability to automatically distribute them to the open market. The framework proposed in this paper is designed as a Market System framework, Game framework, and NFT Converter framework, which serve each of the three types of functions. It was made based on C# and used a game developed with Unity 3D engine to apply it to the game engine. Item data was registered in the market by issuing NFT tokens using the framework. Token's Metadata was graded and classified with seven costume data information, six character setting information, and background screens, giving each scarcity. As a result of this study, it is expected that Unity-based games will use the framework to expand and apply NFT issuance in various forms.

Republic of Korea is experiencing regional decline and population concentration due to migration to metropolitan areas, which deepens the development gap between cities and exacerbates urban ghosting problems. As this causes significant long-term losses to the national economy, the government is focusing on balanced urban development. This study compares urban evaluation criteria used in Republic of Korea with those primarily employed overseas in the spatial field to address urban balanced development and urban ghosting issues, and proposes improvement measures for the spatial service framework related to existing Korean urban evaluation criteria. The existing three-factor system centered on building information, traffic information, and population flow information was expanded to integrate 18 new indicators across six domains: urban redevelopment potential, social connectivity, economic activity distribution, technological innovation, climate adaptation, and environmental conservation. The improved framework enables comprehensive urban spatial evaluation by including climate change impact assessment, natural disaster risk analysis, and resource management indicators. This paper is significant in that it provides policy makers with data-driven decision-making tools for preventing urban ghosting and achieving balanced regional development.

고객 경험 디자인은 고객이 제품 또는 서비스를 구매하고 사용할 때 브랜드나 기업의 터치포인트에서 긍정적인 경험을 최대화하는 것을 목표로 한다. 긍정적인 경험을 전달할 수 있는 제품이나 서비스를 디자인하기 위해서는 고객의 니즈와 고객 경험의 변화하는 특성을 해결하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 다른 관점과 접근 방법이 필요하다. 디자인 프로세스 는 다양한 학문 분야에 걸쳐 혁신을 주도하고 브랜드나 기업의 지속적인 성장에 필수적인 접근 방법 중 하나이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 고객과의 상호 작용과 고객 경험을 개선하는 것을 목표로 하는 서큘러 고객 경험 디자인 프로세스(The Circular CX Design Process)를 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 프레임워크는 고객 여정을 중심으로 다양한 터치포인트 를 분석하고 개선함으로써 지속적으로 고객에게 긍정적인 경험을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.

Current research and practice have increasingly sought to focus on approaches to facilitate innovation due to its expanding growth of the experience economy over the past decade. Normally, customer experience design aims to maximize the effectiveness of positive experience with a brand or company's touchpoints when customers make a purchase as well as use a certain product or service. In order to design a product or service that can provide varying levels of experiences, there needs more beneficial design process strategies to help resolve the changing nature of customer experience. Design process is one such approach that provides designers as well as researchers across various academic disciplines as an integral source of creativity, driving innovation and growth. In this regard, this study aims to look specifically at the nature of customer experience and attempts to understand what extent that design process in both practice and theoretical perspective can assist in customer experience improvement. As a further consequence, this study will focus on implementing the idea of circular design into the customer experience process, namely the Circular CX Design Process―which is expected to increase effectiveness and efficiency in addressing customer needs and demands as well as delivering positive experiences at various touchpoints along the customer journey.

Introducing the concept of construction safety in the design/planning phase can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of safety management on construction sites. In this sense, further improvements for safety can be made by designers’ involvement in the elimination or management of design-related hazards in addition to contractors’ own efforts, as known as Prevention through Design (PtD). However, this idea has not been well materialized in construction practices due in part to the lack of a PtD tool that allows designers to automatically check and evaluate designs in terms of worker safety. The paper addresses this issue by designing and testing an automated compliance checking framework that extracts information relevant to design-related hazards from regulatory documents and maps it to each of related design components using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Building Information Modeling (BIM). The proposed framework has two key functions: 1) automatically extracting machine-readable regulation information relevant to design-related hazards using NLP techniques; and 2) automatically mapping such information to corresponding design components in a building information model, enabling the visualization of hazards. How all these components work to automatically display design-related hazards and relevant regulatory information is illustrated with a three-story building, focusing on fall protection. The proposed framework successfully extracted regulation information from textual documents with about 90% of precision and recall rates. It also correctly identified all the hazards in the case study model. The automated framework is expected to facilitate safety design review by improving designers and contractors’ proactive responses against design-related hazards

Mechanism design theory (MDT) which gained Nobel Prize in 2007 provides a formal way to mechanism design in Economics. It not only emphasizes on the phenomenon of modern economics, also gives an idea on the engineering side of economic theory, in particular, the implications for economic policy making.Despite the success of MDT in economics, it is difficultly migrated to management field. In managerial practices, especially emergent situation, people cannot make free choice and voluntary exchangedue to the fact that some policies are sing-directed or half-compulsory. While the managerial mechanism is actively investigated for specific usages, a less studied issue is to study the unified framework of managerial mechanism which is of major importance to managers. This paper aims to provide a unified framework of managerial mechanism with an attempt to provide some insights into the fundamental of managerial mechanism design. Firstly, wediscuss the difference between economical and managerial mechanism designfrom the perspectives of background, basic hypothesis, and weak obligation characteristic. Afterwards, we propose a unified framework of managerial mechanism design theory, composed of an order seven-tuple and some fundamental design modes. Lastly, we give a case studyto show the applicability of the proposed mechanism design theory in emergency management.

Many cities in the world have increased initiative to realize smart tourism. There are unexplored challenges for the people which lead and manage smart tourism projects and realize its value in tourism (we call them as ‘Smart tourism initiatives’), such as orchestrating of tourism complexity, developing and sharing tourism strategy, sustaining tourism projects and innovation. Concerning these challenges, we aim to design a holistic capability maturity model for sustainable and smart tourism governance enabling sustainable tourism innovations via tackling the challenges above. We adopted Dynamic capability theory as a theoretical lens and introduced Design science research methodology in order to develop a new capability maturity governance model as a design artifact. As a result of the study, we could synthesize findings from iterations of the design research cycle based on the IT Capability Maturity Model. Our result proposes a potential capability maturity model supporting effective communication and strategic alignment for the initiatives with illuminating future paths with evaluation methods on tourism capabilities for the initiatives. Throughout this study, we contribute to the body of knowledge as well as practice by proposing a new tourism capability governance model.

디지털 전환(Digital Transformation, DX)은 단순 기술의 도입을 넘어 조직의 프로세스, 비즈니스 모델, 의사결정 과 가치 창출 논리를 재구성하는 전사적 변화이다. 그러나 중소기업은 자원 제약과 높은 위험 회피성, 외부 네트워크 의존성 등으 로 대기업 위주의 디지털 전환 프레임워크를 그대로 적용하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 프레임워크를 체계적으로 비교 분석하고 중소기업의 특성을 반영한 중소기업 맞춤형 디지털 전환 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 최근 디지털 전환 및 중소기업 관련 문헌을 체계적으로 정리하고 상이한 목적과 구성요소를 가진 기존 프레임워크들을 동일 기준으로 비교가능하게 만드는 비교분석그리드(Analytical Grid)을 설계하였다. 둘째, 해당 틀을 적용한 질적 범주화를 통해 공통 요소와 중소기업 적용 갭을 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 통합 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이는 비교의 임의성을 줄이는 비교분석그리드로, 중소기업 실행 요건 을 통합한 것이다.

Digital transformation (DX) is an enterprise-wide change that goes beyond the mere adoption of technologies to reconfigure organizational processes, business models, decision-making, and the logic of value creation. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often face difficulties in directly applying large-firm–oriented DX frameworks due to resource constraints, high risk aversion, and dependence on external networks. Accordingly, this study systematically compares and analyzes existing frameworks and proposes an SME-tailored DX framework that reflects SME-specific conditions. First, recent DX and SME-related literature is systematically synthesized, and an Analytical Grid is developed to enable consistent, like-for-like comparison across heterogeneous frameworks with differing purposes and components. Second, the grid is applied to qualitative categorization to identify cross-framework commonalities and SME-specific gaps, on which the integrated framework is built. The proposed Analytical Grid reduces arbitrariness in framework comparison and consolidates key executability requirements for SMEs.

Despite rapid advancements in robotics, deploying embodied robots across real-world domains remains challenging due to contextual complexity, user diversity, and dynamic environments. Grounded in Information Systems (IS) design science principles, this study introduces a context-sensitive, goal-oriented framework for embodied robot design. The framework addresses the limitations of generic robot designs by aligning them with specific application contexts and clearly defined goals. It begins with identifying a target context, then articulating application goals, and analyzing how scenario, task, and user factors translate into practical design constructs. These constructs guide the physical, functional, and interactional aspects of embodied robot design. By integrating IS principles of relevance, rigor, and environmental fit, this research bridges the gap between robotics and IS domains. The framework offers structured guidance to improve alignment with real-world settings. Future work will apply and validate the framework through prototypes designed to enhance practical effectiveness.

최근 데이터 계측 기술과 ICT 기술이 발달함에 따라 수자원 데이터의 계측 방법과 활용 방법이 다양해지 고 있다. 이러한 데이터 수집 방식의 변화는 데이터의 양적·질적 다양성이 확대되는 결과를 가져왔으나 동시에 데이터 간 수집 주기, 단위, 포맷 등이 상이해지는 문제점이 발생하였다. 또한 우리나라는 기관별, 부처별, 목적별로 수자원 데이터가 생산되어 분산 관리되고 있어 데이터 간 연계 및 통합과 활용이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 다양한 기관에서 생성 및 공유되는 수자원 데이터를 연계, 활용, 분석하 기 위한 물지식정보관리 서비스(W-KMS) 프레임워크를 설계하였다. W-KMS 프레임워크 설계를 위하여 수자원 데이터와 연계 방안을 정의하였다. 또한, 데이터 툴킷(toolkit)과 지식맵(knowledge map)으로 구성 되는 W-KMS 프레임워크의 구조와 기능, 화면을 설계하였다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 설계한 W-KMS 프레임 워크를 사용할 경우, 기관별로 분산되고 형식이 달라 활용이 어려웠던 수자원 데이터에 대한 비효율적 관리 문제를 해결하고 수자원 데이터에 대한 사용자별, 데이터 분류별, 수집장소별 효과적인 활용이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

With recent advances in data measurement technologies and ICT, methods for measuring and utilizing water resources data have diversified, leading to greater quantitative and qualitative diversity but also to differences in collection intervals, units, and formats across datasets. In Korea, water resources data are produced for different purposes by multiple agencies and ministries and are managed in a dispersed manner, making linkage, integration, and utilization difficult. Accordingly, this study designed a Water Knowledge Management Service(W-KMS) framework to link, utilize, and analyze water resources data generated and shared by various institutions. We defined the datasets and linkage approaches for the W-KMS and designed its structure, functions, and user interfaces; the framework comprises a data toolkit and a knowledge map. The proposed W-KMS framework is expected to resolve the inefficient management of dispersed and heterogeneous water resources data, enabling effective use by user group, data category, and collection location.

최근 디지털 의상으로 제품을 만드는 것이 활성화됨에 따라서 삼차원 공간의 컴퓨터 그래픽을 이용하는 게 임엔진을 및 3D Tool로 샘플을 만들기 시작했다. 이러한 트렌드에 따라서 밴드 기업들은 디지털 의류 모델 을 화상 회의 프로그램을 이용하여 협업하기 시작했다. 하지만 화상 회의에서의 원격화면 공유 기능은 각 공유자의 바탕화면 혹은 각 사용자가 사용하고 있는 데스크탑에 보여지는 화면만을 공유하여 발표화면을 보여주는 기능에 그치고 있어 협업작업에서 필요한 사용자 간의 상호작용을 지원하기에는 부족한 점이 있 다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 의상 협업 작업 시 화상 회의를 사용함에 있어서 불편한 점들을 개선하고 회의를 효율적으로 진행하기 위한 Framework를 제작했다. 프레임워크 제작을 위해 Unity3D 게임엔진과 WebRTC 그 리고 Javascript를 사용하였으며, 중계서버 제작을 위하여 클라우드 AWS 서비스를 사용했다. 시연 결과 화상 회의 참여자들은 스크린에 인터랙션을 할 수 있었으며 따로 프로그램을 설치할 필요가 없었다. 그리고 최대 해상도를 1440p까지 높여 기존의 화상 회의에서의 화질을 더 개선할 수 있었다. 해당 시연 결과를 통하여 기존의 다른 화상 회의 앱과 기능들을 비교하여 제안한 Framework의 효용성을 검증했다.

Recently, with the activation of making products with digital costumes, we have begun making samples with game engines and 3D tools that use computer graphics in three-dimensional space. Following this trend, band companies began collaborating on digital clothing models using video conferencing programs. However, the remote screen sharing function in video conferencing only shows the presentation screen by sharing only the desktop of each share or the desktop used by each user, which is insufficient to support the interaction between users necessary for collaborative work. In this study, a framework was created to improve inconveniences in using video conferencing during digital costume collaboration work and to efficiently proceed with meetings. Unity 3D game engine, WebRTC, and HTML5 Javascrpit were used to create the framework, and cloud AWS services were used to create relay servers. As a result of the demonstration, video conference participants were able to interact on the screen and did not need to install a separate program. In addition, the maximum resolution was increased to 1440p to further improve the image quality in conventional video conferencing. Through the demonstration results, the utility of the proposed framework was verified by comparing the functions with other existing video conference apps.

최근 패션업계에서 이슈가 되고 있는 Virtual Fashion 관련 서비스는 소비자들이 피팅 서비스를 사용함에 있 어 실제 상황과 상호작용하는 것처럼 의류의 재질감, 색상 그리고 사이즈를 실제적으로 경험해 볼 수 있게 하는 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 하지만 기존에 생산한 3D Object 데이터에 대한 접근성 및 재활용성이 낮은 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한 다양한 데이터 포맷을 사용하면서 생성되는 Texture의 용량과 출력되는 Animation 파일들의 크기가 커서 최종 결과물의 용량이 비대 해지는 단점도 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 선행 연구된 시 스템을 Legacy Virtual Fashion System으로 정의하고 해당 시스템에서 사용하던 자원들을 효율적으로 재활용 하고 프로세스 단축 및 Texture과 Animation의 용량을 축소시키기 위하여 공통으로 사용할 수 있는 게임 엔 진 기반의 Virtual Fashion 프레임워크를 제안하고 구현했다. 게임엔진 기반의 Virtual Fashion 프레임워크를 이용하여 Virtual Show Room, 3D Runway 및 Virtual Fashion Sample을 제작하고 또한 해당 프레임워크의 성능 을 측정하기 위하여 실험을 구성했다. 구성된 실험으로 최대 50%의 용량 감소의 효과를 확인했다. 또한 본 연구의 결과물을 이용하여 다양한 형태의 출력물을 개발 확대 적용하는 것 기대해 본다.

Virtual Fashion-related services, which have recently become an issue in the fashion industry, are used as a means for consumers to actually experience the texture, color, and size of clothes as if interacting with the actual situation when using the fitting service. However, it has the disadvantage of low accessibility and recycling to the existing 3D Object data. In addition, there is a disadvantage in that the capacity of the final result is enlarged due to the large capacity of the Texture generated using various data formats and the large size of the output animation files. In this paper, we define the existing pre-research system as Legacy Virtual Fashion System and propose and implement a game engine-based Virtual Fashion framework that can be used to efficiently recycle resources used in that system, shorten processes, and reduce texture and animation capacity. Virtual ShowRoom, 3D RunWay, and Virtual Fashion Sample were produced using a virtual fashion framework based on a game engine, and experiments were constructed to measure the performance of the framework. The configured experiment confirmed the effect of capacity reduction of up to 50%. In addition, it is expected to develop and expand the application of various types of output using the results of this thesis.

최근 기술의 발전으로 인해 게임 산업은 급격한 성장을 보이고 있습니다. 게임 엔진으로는 유니티, 언리얼 등이 적극적으로 활용되고 있다. 이러한 게임 엔진에서 다양한 플러그인을 제공함으로써 엔진 기능을 자연스럽게 확 장하고 있다. 이 중에서도 3D 그래픽 기술의 혁신은 게임 캐릭터의 표현력을 더욱 높여 사용자의 경험을 향상시 키는 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 3D 모델링 접근법은 때로 제약과 어려움을 가져올 수 있다. 특히 AI 스 캔을 통해 일반 사진을 활용할 때 미세한 세부 요소의 표현 문제가 발생하는 경우가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 Stable Diffusion을 활용한 게임 3D 캐릭터 생성 Framework를 설계하고 구현하여 이러한 어려움을 극복하고자 한 다. Hair Style가 없는 Concept Art 이미지를 활용하여 제작 프로세스를 개선함으로써, 빠르고 효율적인 캐릭터 제 작을 가능하게 한다. 이 Framework의 적용은 제작 프로세스 단계를 감소시키면서 더욱 신속하고 일관된 캐릭터 제작을 허용하며, 게임 개발자들이 엔진에 캐릭터를 보다 쉽고 빠르게 적용할 수 있게 도와준다. 이를 통해 게임 개발자들이 보다 빠르고 효율적으로 다양한 캐릭터를 엔진에 적용할 수 있게 했다. 또한, 게임엔진에서 애니메이 션 동작을 확인하여 Stable Diffusion으로 생성한 3D 게임 캐릭터의 데이터의 실효성과 확장성을 확인했다.

The gaming industry is experiencing rapid growth due to recent advances in technology. Game engines such as Unity and Unreal are being actively utilized. These game engines offer a variety of plugins to naturally extend the functionality of the engine. Among them, innovations in 3D graphics technology have made game characters more expressive and enhanced the user experience. However, traditional 3D modeling approaches can sometimes bring limitations and challenges. In particular there are problems with the representation of fine details when utilizing general photos through AI scanning. This paper aims to overcome these difficulties by designing and implementing a game 3D character generation framework using Stable Diffusion. By improving the creation process by utilizing concept art images without hairstyles, it enables fast and efficient character creation. The application of this framework allows for faster and more consistent character creation with fewer steps in the creation process and helps game developers to adapt characters to the engine more easily and quickly. In addition, we verified the effectiveness and scalability of the 3D game character data generated by Stable Diffusion by checking the animation behavior in the game engine.

The integration of efficient information-based systems characterizes one of the vital priorities of an Italian regional healthcare environment to meet its clinical, organizational, and managerial needs, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study proposes that the most likely approach to achieve an Italian regional healthcare system is to use a health level-7-based interoperable communication system implemented by an asynchronous communication infrastructure between healthcare sites. The proposed framework is a comprehensive and integrated management information systems (MIS) centered coordination at an Italian regional level that includes all categories of healthcare levels, including the interoperability concerns; that covers most of the needed elements and can work efficiently and effectively in a vast secure area network to safeguard data privacy and confidentiality of a local the patient. Another essential feature of the proposed framework system solution is that it creates interoperability and compatibility that can be simulated from one healthcare institution to another inside the Italian healthcare environment. In that case, joint interoperability and system-compatible messages can interrelate heterogeneous management-based information systems. In response to the COVID-19 situation in Italy, more than 50 different consortiums have submitted proposals directly to the Italian Government. It is believed that the proposed interoperability framework seems to be widely considered an acceptable solution to enhance information and communication technologies (ICT) developments in the healthcare sector in Italy. Furthermore, this study identifies some flaws inside the Italian healthcare sector with possible elucidations for further research.

본 연구의 목적은 서비스디자인을 활용한 프레임워크를 설계하고, 설계한 프레임워크를 사용하는 워크 숍 진행을 통해 제품과 서비스가 융합된 디자인 개발을 하는 것이다. 연구방법과 내용은 첫째, 선행연구를 통해 제품과 서비스의 융합 및 서비스디자인과 공동창의에 대한 이론적 고찰을 한다. 둘째, 통합적 개발 방식인 서비 스디자인의 대표적인 더블 다이아몬드 모델을 활용하여 제품·서비스 융합 공동창의 연구를 위한 프레임워크를 설계한다. 셋째, 설계한 프레임워크를 활용하기 위한 기획, 제품, 서비스 디자이너를 포함한 융합팀을 구성하여, 제품·서비스 융합 디자인 개발을 위한 워크숍을 수행한다. 연구결과, 서비스디자인 프레임워크를 활용한 제품·서 비스 융합 공동창의 워크숍이 신제품 개발에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 제품과 서비스 융합제품의 필요성 이 증가하는 가운데 본 연구에서 제시한 서비스디자인 기반의 공동창의 프레임워크는 제품·서비스 융합제품 개 발의 선행적 사례를 제시한 것에 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to design a framework using service design that combines products and services in workshops that use the designed framework. For research methods and contents, first, a theoretical review of the convergence of products and services, service design, and joint creativity is conducted through prior research. Second, we design a framework for product and service convergence co-creativity research using the double diamond model, a representative of service design, which is an integrated development method. Third, in order to utilize the designed framework, a convergence team including planning, product, and service designers is formed and a workshop is conducted to develop the product and service convergence design. As a result of the study, it can be confirmed that the product and service convergence joint creativity workshop using the service design framework is effective for developing new products. As the need for product and service convergence increases, the service design-based co-creativity framework presented in this study is significant in that it presents a leading example of convergence product development.

증강현실 게임의 빠른 개발을 위한 소프트웨어 프레임워크인 AR-Room을 제시한다. AR-Room은 핵심 증강현실 기 술의 컴포넌트들과 하드웨어 추상화 모듈들을 포함한다. 또한 콘텐츠 디자인을 위한 저작도구를 제공한다. AR-Room 환경에서 개발자는 증강현실 게임의 콘텐츠 시나리오와 소프트웨어 컴포넌트의 설정 정보를 제공하면 된다. 콘텐츠 시나리오는 이벤트-액션 모델로 명세되며 복잡한 동적 시나리오도 구현이 가능하다. AR-Room 개발환경에서 증강현실 응용 게임을 제작하였고 제작 절차가 단순화되었고 제작시간이 크게 줄어들었다.

This article describes a software framework called AR-Room for fast prototyping of augmented reality game applications. AR-Room consists of a lot of deployable components for core augmented reality technologies, modules for hardware abstraction, and an authoring toolkit for the rapid content design. On the AR-Room, application developers are only required to describe their content scenarios together with a configuration of software components. A content scenario is represented by a set of event-action pairs. Several augmented reality game applications are implemented on the AR-Room development environment to show how the framework can be efficiently used for the fast prototyping of applications.

최근 컴퓨팅 환경은 웹의 확산과 더불어 인터넷과 결합한 가상화 기반의 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경으로 진화하고 있으며, 이를 가능하게 하기위해서는 다양한 인프라, 플랫폼, 서비스 및 응용기술들이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 플랫폼 기술의 핵심으로서, 클라우드 서비스 관리 및 배치에 필수적인 클라우드 제공자와 사용자간의 서비스레벨 협약(SLA)에 관한 비즈니스상의 정책적인 이슈와 함께, SLA 기반의 다중임차자(multi-tenant) 프로토타입 시스템 구축 사례를 제시하였다. 사용자 및 애플리케이션들 간에 IT 자원을 공유하게 되는 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 SLA 기반 다중 임차자 시스템 구축을 통해 가용성 향상에 따른 TCO(Total Cost of Operation) 절감과 함께 안전하고 확장성 있는 클라우드 컴퓨팅 플랫폼 구축이 가능하다.

Recently, Computing environment is evolved into virtualization-based cloud computing tightly coupled with Internet. The most spectrums of infrastructure, platform and application technologies are required to enable cloud computing services. In this paper, as one of core platform technology, we present business-level policy issues on SLAs between cloud providers and users which is essential to the service management and SLA-based multi-tenant prototype system implementation case. We expect that proposed system makes it possible to build secure, highly available and scalable cloud computing platform system.