Earticle

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 허혈성 뇌손상시 회복의 지연을 초래하는 당뇨에 복합운동프로그램을 적용하였을 때, 신경학 적 효과와 당뇨의 개선효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 경상북도 소재의 동물실험 연구실에서 실시하였고 허혈성 뇌손상 모델의 흰쥐에게 STZ (streptozotocin)를 투여하고 당뇨를 유발한 흰쥐 10마리를 사용하였다. 흰쥐에게는 4주간 복합운동프로그램을 실시 하여 뇌기능회복을 확인하기 위해 미로검사(maze test)를 실시하였고, 당뇨의 개선효과를 보기위해서 혈당을 확인 하였다. 결과 : 허혈성 뇌손상 모델 당뇨쥐에게 복합운동프로그램을 적용한 결과, 뇌기능회복을 확인하기 위한 미로검사에서는 실패횟수(error)가 3주 후부터 유의하게 감소하였고(p<.05) 탈출시간은 1주 후부터 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 그 리고 당뇨의 개선효과를 확인하기 위한 혈당 검사에서는 대조군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었고 복합운동프로그램을 적용한 실험군에서는 4주 후부터 유의한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다(p<.05). 결론 : 뇌졸중, 당뇨 등의 성인, 노인성 질환이 증가되고 있는 현 시점에서 환자들에게 재활은 여명수명동안 삶의 질 개선에 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 허혈성 뇌졸중과 당뇨를 모두 가지고 있는 동물모델에게 치료사가 쉽게 시행할 수 있는 복합운동프로그램 적용을 통하여 뇌기능회복과 당뇨 개선효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

Objective : We tried to know the improvement and neurological effect of diabetes when the complex exercise training was applied on diabetes that delayed the recovery of the ischemic brain injury. Methods : We performed this study in a animal lab which located in Gyengsangbukdo. We used 10 diabetes rats with ischemic brain injury, which is induced by STZ. We applied the complex exercise training on the rats for 4 weeks. We executed the maze test to confirm the recovery of the brain function and checked the blood sugar to know the improvement. Results : As a result of applying the complex exercise on diabetes rats with ischemic brain injury, there was a significant reduce of error and escape time in 3 weeks and 1 weeks, respectively. There was no difference of the blood sugar in control but there was a significant improvement in experiment group after applying the exercise training in 4 weeks . Conclusion : The senile disease like stroke and diabetes was increased currently. It is important for rehabilitation to improve the quality of life during the remainder of their life. In the study, we've known the improvement of diabetes and the recovery of the brain function when the complex exercise training was applied the rats with both diabetes and the ischemic brain injury.

Purpose: The present study was to examine the effect of a meditation-based exercise program on the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson﹑s disease (PD). Methods: Sixty three PD patients who were recruited from a university hospital were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n 食 33) and to the control group (n 食 30). Participants completed an 8-week Mindfulness Meditation-based Complex Exercise Program (MMBCEP) that included 6 sessions. Before and after the intervention, the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), elastic band pull, chair stand test, and 2.45-meter walk test were administered for the motor symptoms and the Korean Version of Geriatric Depression Scale, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Parkinson﹑s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and the Quality of Life of Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PDQL) were administered for non-motor symptoms. Results: Significant improvements in the motor symptoms (i.e., muscle strength (lower and upper extremity), balance, and muscle endurance) and in the non-motor symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, cognitive functions, sleep disturbance, quality of life, and activities of daily living) were observed. Conclusions: MMBCEP, a complex exercise program-based on mindfulness meditation, is associated with increased motor symptoms, decreased emotional disturbances (anxiety and depression) and sleep disturbance, and improved cognitive functions, quality of life, and activities of daily living. Future research should test the effects of MMBCEP with more representative PD patients.

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 운동 중재가 신경가소성 발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 우리는 scholar, DBpia, KISS를 사용하여 신경가소성, 운동 및 다양한, 신경가소성 및 운동'이라는 용어로 검색하였고, 무작위 대조군 실험(RCT)만을 고려 대상으로 하였다. 선별된 322개의 논문 중 7개가 포함 기준을 충족하였고, 샘플 크 기는 20명 미만에서 40명까지 다양했으며, 연령대는 40세에서 65세 이상이었다. 일곱 개의 연구 모두 다양한 운동 중재로 인해 대상자의 신경가소성이 개선되었다고 보고되었다. 다만, 일곱 개의 RCT가 제공한 증거의 질적 인 의미는 높았지만, 샘플 크기가 작았음을 인정하고자 한다. 차후 연구에서 적절한 샘플 사이즈를 증가시키고 특정한 대상자의 신경가소성에 대한 추가 연구의 필요성을 제기할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study examined the Effects of various exercise interventions on neuroplasticity expression. We searched scholar, DBpia, kiss, using the terms: neuroplastic, exercise AND various, neuroplasticity and exercise. Only Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) were considered. Out of 322 articles screened, 7 fulfiled the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes varied from under 20 to 40 participants ranging in age from 40 to over 65 years. ALL of the seven studies reported improvement in neuroplasticity due to various exercise intervention. The quality of the evidence provided by the seven RCTs was high, but most of them were small sample sizes. These results emphasize the need for further research on single and neuroplasticity.

The purpose of this study was to develop a complex exercise program integrating Eastern and Western complex exercise rehabilitation programs in order to examine the effects of it on the human body with the subjects for women of the II period of mature age with metabolic syndrome. The subjects of this study are 60 II period of mature aged women with metabolic syndrome living in G City, and the experimental group conducted Taekwon-aerobic exercise, European rehabilitation gymnastics, gym ball exercise, and elastic band exercise while the control group performed European rehabilitation gymnastics, gym ball exercise, and elastic band exercise which is the rehabilitation program being presently conducted in Russia, for 90 min per day for three weeks. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was utilized to verify preand post-intergroup difference, and the significant level was set as P< 0.05. Whereas body weight, % fat, WHR, SBP, DBP and blood glucose were significant decreased, muscle weight and pulse wave velocity were significant increased after complex exercise rehabilitation programs Both Eastern and Western complex exercise rehabilitation programs showed positive effects on the body of the II period of mature aged women with metabolic syndrome, and if various exercise programs are conducted, it will be more effective in improving II period of mature aged women’s metabolic syndrome afterwards.

The purpose of this study is to identify what kind of effects complex ex-ercise rehabilitation program has on body composition of female, blood pressure, blood sugar, blood vessel elasticity and find more effective complex exercise program for elderly females. The subjects are select-ed 30 females applicants in exercise program in City of G and not re-stricted in mobility to perform the exercise without any particular disor-ders. Exercise program is a combination of aerobic and strength train-ing with different ratio, for the first 6 months focused on strength train-ing complex exercise, and for next 6 months focused on aerobic exer-cise. Except for strength training and aerobic exercise, durations for strength, rest, and wrapping-up are equal. The frequency of experi-ments is 90 min each, 2 times per a week. Body composition, blood pressure, and blood vessel elasticity are tested pre and post experiment to compare the effectiveness of both complex exercises. As results, in the complex exercise program focused on strength training, weight, per-cent body fat, fat mass, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and dia-stolic pressure increased. Blood vessel elasticity maintained its level or slightly decreased. In the complex exercise focused on aerobic exer-cise, weight, percent body fat, fat mass, waist hip ratio, systolic pres-sure, and diastolic pressure decreased. Blood vessel elasticity on left foot and right foot are slightly different. Therefore, aerobic exercise is more effective than strength training for old obese females.

본 연구는 복합운동 프로그램이 비만과 당뇨 경계역 노인여성의 혈중지질과 혈당 및 비만관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 J도에 거주하며, J스포츠 센터에 다니는 60세 이상 여성노인 20명을 대상으로(운동군 10명, 통제군 10명) RPE(9-15)의 강도로 12주간 주 5회 60분씩 운동을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 12주간 복합 운동 프로그램을 실시한 결과 혈액성분 중에서 LDL-C(p<.01), TG와 Glucose에서 운동군에서 유의한 차가 나타났으 나(p<.05). TC, HDL-C에서는 유의한 차가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 12주간 복합 운동 프로그램을 실시한 결과 비만관 련 호르몬의 농도에서는 Leptin에서 운동군에서 유의한 감소(p<.05)를 보였으며, Adiponectin에서 운동군이 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 이상과 같이 비만과 당뇨경계역에 있는 여성노인에 이어서 12주간의 복합 운동프로그램은 혈중지 질 및 혈당의 저하에 긍정적으로 작용한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 비만 관련 호르몬인 렙틴과 아디포넥틴에 긍정적인 변화를 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a complex exercise program on the blood lipids, blood sugar, and obesity related hormones in elderly women who were borderline between obesity and diabetes. 20 women aged 60 years or older living in J do and attending the J Sports Center. The following conclusions were obtained as a result of exercising for 60 minutes 5 times a week for 12weeks at the intensity of RPE(9-15). First, as a result of the 12 weeks complex exercise program, there were significant differences in LDL-C(p<.01), TG and glucose among blood components in the exercise group (p<.05). There was no significant difference in TC and HDL-C. Second, as a result of the 12 weeks complex exercise program, the concentration of obesity related hormones showed a significant decrease(p<.05) in the exercise group in Leptin, and a significant increase in the exercise group in Adiponectin(p<.05). As described above, it was confirmed that the 12weeks complex exercise program, following the elderly women who were on the borderline between obesity and diabetes, had a positive effect on the lowering of blood lipids and blood sugar.

본 연구의 목적은 12주간의 복합운동프로그램이 여자 필드하키 선수의 하지 근기능, 무산소성 파워 및 기초체력을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 여자 필드하키선수로 각 그룹별 운동그룹 14명, 통제그룹 14명이다. 평가 항목은 무릎관절의 등속성 근기능, 무산소성 운동능력, 기초체력으로 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하였고, 통계적 유의수준 α=.05로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 하지의 오른쪽 무릎관절 굴근력(% BW)을 확인한 결과 운동그룹은 운동 전 보다 운동 후에 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 무산소성 운동능력에 대한 결과를 보면 최대파워(p<.05), 평균파워(p<.01), 전체에너지(p<.05)에서 운동그룹이 운동 전 보다 운동 후에 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 기초체력의 결과를 보면 악력(운동그룹: p <.05, 통제그룹: p<.01), 사이드스텝(p<.05), 체후굴(운동그룹: p<.001, 통제그룹: p<.01)이 두 그룹에서 운동 전 보다 운동 후에 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 윗몸일으키기(p<.05), 반복점프(p<.05), 체전굴(p<.05), 평형성(p<.01)이 운동그룹에서 운동 전 보다 운동 후 유의하게 증가하였으며, 협응력은 운동그룹에서 운동 전 보다 운동 후 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 반응시간은 통제그룹에서 운동 전 보다 운동 후 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 12주간 실시한 복합 운동프로그램은 여자 필드하키 선수들의 경기력 향상에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났으며, 체계적인 훈련 프로그램을 위해 세심한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the isokinetic muscle function, anaerobic power, and basic fitness of female field hockey players during a 12-week complex exercise program. The subjects participated 14 exercise group (TG) and 14 control group (CON). Test included isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint, anaerobic power, basic fitness. The data obtained through the experiment used SPSS 22.0 program and significance level was set at α=.05. In this study, the right knee joint flexor strength(%BW) was significantly increased in exercise group. Anaerobic power showed that the exercise group significantly decreased in peak power (p<.05), average power (p<.01), total energy (p<.05). Basic fitness showed that grip strength (TG: p<.05, CON: p<.01), side step (p<.05), trunk backward extension (TG: p<.001, CON: p<.01) significantly increased in both groups. Sit-up (p<.05), Repetition jump (p<.05), trunk forward flexion (p<.05), balance (p<.01) significantly increased in exercise group and coordination significantly decreased in exercise group (p<.05). Reaction time significantly increased in control group (p<.05). The 12-week complex exercise program was found in improving the performance and is expected to be used as detailed basic data for a systematic training program.

This study aimed to identify the effects of music-based complex exercise program on the lymphedema, hand grip strength, pain, and gait endurance in patients with breast cancer. Thirteen patients with mastectomy volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects underwent the music-based complex exercise program for averaging 60 minutes daily for 8 weeks (total of 40 sessions). Assessment tools were made with lymphedema, hand grip strength, visual analogue scale and 6 minutes walk test before and after the 8-week intervention period. All parameters showed significant improvement after intervention (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that the music-based complex exercise program may be favorably used to manage post-mastgectomy symptems such as lymphedema, pain, muscle weakness, reduced walking endurance. This study provides valuable information for future studies in this field. Further studies with wider range of subjects and longer experimental period are required to support the results of this study.

본 연구의 목적은 근감소증 노인여성들을 대상으로 15주 복합 운동프로그램 적용에 따른 신체구성, IGF-1 및 고관절 근력에 대한 효과를 분석함으로써 근감소증과 관련하여 노화예방 및 건강수명 연장을 위한 운동프로그램 구성에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 근감소증 노인여성 16명을 대상으로 측정․분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신체적 특성과 관련하여 운동군은 체지방률과 WHR는 감소하였고 골격근량은 유의하게 증가하였다. 둘째, IGF-1의 경우에는 운동군에서 약 12.4% 유의하게 증가하였다. 셋째, 고관절 근력은 좌ᐧ우측 고관절의 신전, 굴곡, 외전 및 내전의 근력이 각각 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 15주 복합 운동프로그램은 신체구성요인 개선, 근성장 에 관여하는 IGF-1 수치의 증가 등과 같은 생리활성 요인을 긍정적으로 변화시키고 또한 운동학 측면에서 자세 유지 및 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 고관절 근기능 개선 등의 효과를 유도한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 복합 운동프로그램은 근감소증 개선, 신체활동 증진, 노화예방 및 건강수명을 연장하는데 있어서 매우 효과적이라고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of body composition, IGF-1 and hip muscle on the application of the 15-week complex exercise program on sarcopenia elderly women, and to provide basic data for the composition of exercise programs for preventing aging and extending health life in relation to sarcopenia. It was measured and analyzed for 16 elderly women with sarcophenia. The results of this study are as follows. First, in relation to the physical characteristics, the EG decreased %fat and WHR, and skeletal muscle mass increased significantly. Second, in the EG, IGF-1 level was significantly increased. Third, in hip strength, muscle strength of left and right abduction, adduction, extension and flexion increased significantly. From these results, it was suggested that the 15-week complex exercise program positively changed physiological activity factors such as improvement in body composition and increase in IGF-1 levels involved in muscle growth, and improving hip muscle function,, which plays an important role in maintaining and controlling posture in terms of kinematics. Therefore, It was thought that the complex exercise program is very effective in improving sarcopenia physical activity, anti-aging and prolonging of healthy life years

본 연구는 노인 여성을 대상으로 신체적, 인지적, 정서적 건강에 대해 알아보고자 체중, 체지방률, 허리둘레의 비 만도에 따른 기능체력, 인지기능, 낙상 효능감, 우울에 미치는 영향을 10주간의 복합운동프로그램 참여 후 효과검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 경상북도 A시 K장수대학에 수강중인 분들을 대상으로 평소 규칙적인 운동을 실시하고 있지 않는 노인 여성 30명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 10주간의 복합운동프로그램을 참여한 여성 노인의 비만도에 따른 신체기능, 기능체력, 인지기능, 낙상효능감에서의 집단 및 시기간의 상호작용효과는 나타나지 않았다. 노인 여성들의 운동 전․후의 변화를 살펴본 결과 인지적 정서적 장애를 가지고 있는 대상자를 선정하여 인지기능을 증가 시키기 위한 장기간의 운동프로그램과 우울, 낙상 효능감의 관계를 다각적인 방법으로 인지기능 도구, 뇌 혈류 등의 혈 액 지표를 추가하여 후속 연구를 제언한다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on physical fitness, cognitive function, fall efficacy, and depression after participating in a 10-week complex exercise program to examine physical, cognitive, and emotional health in the elderly women. 30 elderly women who were not exercising regularly at K senior University in A city of Gyeongsangbuk. There was no interaction between groups and periods in body function, function strength, cognitive function, and fall effectiveness with the obesity level of the elderly in the composite exercise program. It is hoped that a long-term exercise program for increasing cognitive and emotional disability and the relationship between depression and fall effectiveness were selected in various ways.

목적 : 본 연구는 8주간 복합운동프로그램이 초등학생의 신장, 체성분, 체력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 경기도에 소재한 성남종합사회복지관의 복합운동프로그램에 지원한 남녀 초등 3 ∼ 6학년 학생 11명(남자 =6명, 여자=5명)을 대상자로 선정하여 8주 동안 주 2회 50분씩 복합운동프로그램(국민체조, 특허스트레칭, 음악 줄넘기, 탄력밴드운동, 마무리운동)을 적용하였다. 운동 전․후의 신장, 체성분을 알아보기 위하여 Inbody 520, 체력 의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 Primus RS, Commander Power TrackⅡ, 윗몸일으키기, 체전굴을 사용하여 측정하였 으며, 8주 후 재측정을 실시하였다. 결과 : 8주간 복합운동프로그램 적용 후 대상자는 실험 전보다 실험 후 신장, 체성분, 하지근력, 근지구력의 측정값은 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 상지근력과 유연성은 향상되었지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 초등학생의 키성장, 체성분과 체력 향상에 복합운동프로그램이 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서 대조군과 다양한 환경적 요인들을 고려한다면 보다 나은 객관적인 결과를 얻을 것으로 생각된다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks complex exercise program on height, body composition, and physical fitness in elementary school children. Method : The experimental group had 11 children (male=6, female=5) who belong to Seong-Nam Community Welfare Center in Gyeonggi-Do. All children received 50 minutes of complex exercise program 2 times a week for total of 8 weeks. In-body 520 were measured initially to serve as baseline data for height, and body composition. To determine the impact on physical fitness, Primus RS·Power TrackⅡ commander·Sit-up ·Trunk forward flexion measurement was also done. Repeat measurements of In-body520·Primus RS·Power TrackⅡ Commander·Sit-up·Trunk forward flexion were done after 8 weeks. Results : There was significant increase in height, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, lower limbs strength, and muscular endurance after the complex exercise program. There was, however, no significant difference in upper limbs strength, and flexibility after the program. Conclusions : These results indicate that the complex exercise program used in this study was very effective in producing significant benefits in height, body composition, and physical fitness in elementary school children. There would be better objective results if the control group and various environmental factors are considered in the future research.

This study examined the effect of a complex exercise prescription program for the male elderly on body composition, basic physical fitness and the components of blood lipids. The subjects of this study included 20 people aged between 65 and 75yr were allocated into a control group(n=10) and an experimental group(n=10). The following results on a 12week composite exercise program were obtained in the study. First, as for changes in body composition, body fat, abdominal fat, lean body mass and fat-free mass showed no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group, but displayed significant differences in the interaction of the two groups before and after the program. Second, as a for changes in basic physical fitness factors, cardiopulmonary endurance and grip strength showed no significant difference between the two groups. And muscular endurance and flexibility showed significant difference between the two group before and after the program. Third, as for changes in the components of blood lipids, LDL-C showed significant differences in the interaction of the two groups before and after the program.

목적: 본 연구는 비동등성 대조군 사전 사후 실험 연구로 하지복합운동 프로그램이 투석을 받는 환자들의 하지불안증후군의 중증도, 수면의 질, 우울, 신체적 수행능력에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 방법: 실험군에게 제공된 중재는 2017년 8월 1일부터 10월 25일까지 총 24회에 걸쳐 주 3회씩 혈액투석 중 동영상 시청을 통해 운동을 제공하는 하지복합운동프로그램이다. 두 그룹 모두 각각 22명의 환자로 구성되었다. 자료는 SPSS WIN 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 기술통계, 카이-제곱 검정, 피셔의 정확한 검정 및 독립 t-검정을 사용하였다. 결과: 하지복합운동 프로그램 중재 후 실험군에서 하지불안증후군 중증도(t=2.79, p=.032)과 우울증(t=0.53, p=.036)이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소했으나, 수면의 질(t=0.02, p=.947)과 신체적 수행능력(t=1.74, p=.957)은 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 동영상을 활용한 하지복합운동 프로그램 적용시 혈액투석 환자의 운동량이 증가하고, 이를 통해 환자들은 만성질환으로 인한 증상 및 합병증을 보다 잘 관리할 수 있을 것이다.

Purpose: This experimental study with nonequivalent control group and pre/post-tests aims to investigate the effects of a complex leg exercise program on severity of restless legs syndrome, sleep quality, depression, and physical performance in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: Patients in the experimental group were provided with the leg exercise program three times a week for eight weeks, a total of 24times, through watching videos during hemodialysis from August 1, 2017 to October 25. The experimental group and control group consisted of 22 people each. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, x2 test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test utilizing SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: After providing with the leg exercise program, these were level of restless legs syndrome and depression were significantly decreased in the experimental group (t=2.79, p=.032; t=0.53, p=.036, respectively). However, sleep quality and physical performance did not have significant difference between the two groups (t=0.02, p=.947; t=1.74, p=.957, respectively). Conclusion: A complex leg exercise program appears to be beneficial in improving restless legs syndrome and depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of complex exercise and vitamin D intake on body composition, physical fitness, bone density, and obesity hormone in obese middle aged women. [METHODS] The subjects were 32 obese women 30% of body fat, 8 placebo group (PL), 8 complex exercise with placebo group (CE+PL), 8 complex exercise with high vitamin D intake (CE+LV), and 8 complex exercise with high vitamin D intake group (CE+HV). The subjects have performed the exercise program for 70 minutes a day and 3 times a week with weight training and elastic band exercise during 12 weeks. Also, low and high vitamin D intake group took a peel 2.5ug(100IU) and 10ug(400IU) respectively at the same time and place. [RESULTS] There was a significant decrease in body fat to CE+HV compared with CE+PL and PL (p<.05) and significant increase in muscular strength, muscular endurane, and flexibility between groups compared with PL (p<.05) but not in cardiorespiratory endurance(p>.05). Also, There were significant increases in part of upper arm, thigh, and lumbar of bone density(p<.05). For the obesity hormones, leptin and insulin significantly decreased in CE+HV compared with CE+LV, CE+PL, PL(p<.05) and there was a significant increase in ghrelin(p<.05). [CONCLUSIONS] In conclusion, there were positive responses in muscular endurance and bone mineral density, in cases involving both complex exercise and high vitamin D intake, from the development of body composition and obesity hormones

Background: The purpose of this case study was to investigate into the effect of complex exercise program on the postural change, gait and balance ability in elementary school students with forward head posture. Methods: Four patients with forward head posture were recruited. They were evaluated pre-treatment, and after 6weeks, using neck disability index (NDI), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), balance ability, foot pressure (fore foot/rear foot peak pressure ratio, F/R ratio), gait ability (cadence, toe out angle, stance phase). Results: First, the angle of forward head posture (craniovertebral angle; CVA and cranialrotation angle; CRA) was decreased in all subjects. The NPRS and NDI were decreased in all subjects. Also, The cadence, toe out angle and F/R ratio were increased in all subjects. The stance phase of gait cycle was positively change in all subjects. Lastly, the static balance ability improved in all subjects. Conclusion: According to the results above, the complex exercise program for students with forward head posture can help improve the postural change, gait and balance ability. Also, the complex exercise program was able to select interventions depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal.

본 연구의 목적은 24주간의 복합운동프로그램 참여가 노인 여성의 체력 및 고유수용성기능에 미치는 효과를 구명하는 것이다. 피검자는 65세 이상의 노인 여성 21명으로 운동군(n=12), 통제군(n=9)으로 나누었으며, 운동군은 1회 50±10분, 주 3회, 24주간 복합운동프로그램에 참여하였다. 종속변인 측정은 운동전, 8주, 16주, 운동후 총 4회 실시하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 체력요인 중 하체근지구력은 그룹 간, 시간 간 차이가 유의하였고 (p<.05), 상호작용 또한 효과가 유의하였다(p<.01). 상체근지구력은 시간 간에 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 상호작용 효과 또한 유의하였다(p<.01). 전신지구력과 동적 평형성 및 눈감고 한발들기(우)는 그룹 간, 시간간 차이가 유의하였으며, 상호작용 효과 또한 유의하였다. 유연성은 그룹 간(p<.05), 시간 간(p<.01) 차이가 유의하였다. 눈감고 한발들기(좌)는 그룹 간 차이가 유의하였으며(p<.05), 상호작용 효과도 유의하였다(p<.05). 둘째, 고유수용성기능은 그룹 간, 시간 간 통계적 차이가 유의하였으며(p<.01), 상호작용 효과가 있었다(p<.01). 셋째, 하체근지구력과 전신지구력, 동적평형성, 눈감고 한발들기(우), 고유수용성에서는 집단과 시간이 상호작용에 영향을 주었고, 상체근지구력에서는 시간이 상호작용에 영향을 주었으며, 눈감고 한발들기(좌)에서는 집단이 상호작용에 영향을 주었다. 넷째, 전신지구력과 고유수용성은 16주부터 운동의 효과를 보였으며, 근지구력과 유연성, 평형성의 경우 24주에 효과가 보였다. 결론적으로 복합운동프로그램의 참여는 노인여성의 전체 적인 체력뿐만 아니라 고유수용성 기능을 개선시켜 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 24-week complex exercise program on fitness and proprioceptive function in the elderly women. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the exercise group (n=12) or control group(n=9). The exercise group trained around 50 minutes a day three times per a week complex physical training for 24-week. The results of the study were as below: Endurance of lower body, Endurance of body, Dynamic balance, balance(R) and Proprioceptive function were significant difference in EG and were significant difference between EG and CG. there were interaction effect between time and group. Endurance of upper body was significant difference in EG and was interaction effect between time and group. Flexibility was significant difference in EG and was significant difference between EG and CG. Balance(L) was significant difference between EG an- d CG. there was interaction effect between time and group. Endurance of lower body, Endurance, Dynamic balance, Balance(R) and Proprioceptive function were interaction effect between time and group. Endurance of upper body was interaction effect bet ween time and time. Balance(L) was interaction effe ct between EG and CG. The effect of Endurance of body and Proprioceptive function shown improved after 16-week. The effect of Muscle Endurance, Flexibility, Balance shown improved after 24-week. The results of this study suggest that regular aerobic exercise may induce a significant reduction of body composition, especially percent body fat, along with the improvement of lung function. In conclusion, complex exercise program improve the fitness and proprioceptive function in the elderly women.

운동학 학술지, 2011, 13(1): 113-119. 16주간 복합 운동 프로그램 빈도에 따른 중년여성의 에스트로겐과 심혈관계질환(CAD) 위험인자에 미치는 영향. [서론] 본 연구는 복합운동 프로그램 빈도가 중년 여성들의 에스트로겐과 심혈관계질환(CAD) 위험인자에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. [방법] 대상자는 40-60세이며, Y시에 거주하는 중년여성 14명을 대상으로 7명씩 2그룹으로 구성하여 그룹Ⅰ은 복합운동 프로그램을 16주간 주1회 60분씩, 다른 그룹Ⅱ은 16주간 주 2회 60분씩 실시하였다. 운동 전․후 에스트로겐, 심혈관질환인자를 중심으로 혈액성분과 체력요소를 분석하였다. [결과] 본 연구결과 그룹Ⅱ에서 에스트로겐이 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 16주간 주 1회 빈도에서 혈액성분과 체력요소의 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았으며, 주 2회 빈도에서는 에스트로겐의 증가와 중성지방의 감소 등 혈액성분의 효과적인 증가 또는 감소를 보였고, 체력요소에서는 부분적인 기능 향상의 유의한 효과를 볼 수 있었다. [결론] 따라서 주 2회 빈도의 복합운동은 체력요소의 유의한 변화와 에스트로겐의 상승으로 갱년기 증상을 완화하는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

KINESIOLOGY, 2011, 13(1): 113-119. The Effects of the Frequency of 16-Week Complex Exercise Program on Estrogen and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of the Middle-aged Women. [INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of the frequency of complex exercise program on the estrogen and cardiovascular disease (CAD) risk factors of middle-aged women. [METHOD] The experiment was conducted for fourteen 40~60 year-old women living in Y city. The subjects were divided into two groups: seven women for each group. Participants in group I conducted the complex exercise program for 60 minutes per week for 16 weeks, whereas participants in group II conducted for 60 minutes twice a week for the same period. The blood components and physical components of participants were analyzed, focusing on the estrogen and cardiovascular disease (CAD) risk factors. [RESULT] As a result, the estrogen level for group II participants showed the significant increase at the significance level 0.01. No significant changes of blood components and physical component were found for group I. For group II, significant results were found regarding the changes of estrogen and decrease of triglycerides. For the physical components, the partial improvement was found for the functional improvement. [CONCLUSION] As a conclusion, twice-a-week complex exercise program showed a significant impact on the menopausal symptoms due to the changes of physical components and increase of estrogen level.

Background: Thera-Band, Narrow squats, Kinesiology taping helps in the reduction of loading on the knee joints. Despite the fact that the varus knee negatively affects the alignment of the lower extremities, most of the studies have analyzed each independently. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a complex exercise program consisting of elastic band exercises and squat exercises on the distance between the inner knees and balance in young adults with genu varum. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods: The complex exercise group performed resistance exercises using an elastic band. The taping group used kinesiology tape on the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. To select those to be included in the study, we measured the distance between the knees using digital Vernier calipers and to measure the balance ability, we used a balance training system. The data were analyzed with the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: The study indicated a significant difference in the distance between the knees between the two groups, but no significant differences in the dynamic balance between the groups. Also, the static balance comparison between the groups according to the intervention method included the trace length, C90 area, C90 angle and velocity. There were no significant differences in the static balance between the groups. In addition, the complex exercise program was more effective than taping. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the complex exercise program and taping decrease the between both the knee and increase the balance.