Earticle

This study examines the effect of purchase price by type of popular cosmetics on consumer purchase behavior. In the popular cosmetics market, which is divided into basic cosmetics, color cosmetics, and functional cosmetics, price acts as an important variable in consumer choice and satisfaction. As a result of analyzing the existing literature, it was confirmed that consumers’ price sensitivity and purchase motivation were different according to the type of cosmetics. This review provides basic data for establishing price strategies in the cosmetics industry and proposes the necessity of future empirical research.

This study was conducted to classify the gender and class of characters appearing in the tomb murals of Anak No. 3 and to study the hair shape according to the gender classification of the characters, and the conclusion is as follows. First, the gender ratio of the tomb murals of Anak No. 3 was 143 males, 18 females, and 4 unknown persons, and the social classification was 29 upper classes and 136 lower classes. As the male proportion is higher than that of females, this can be thought in connection with the fact that the tomb owner of Anak No. 3 is the tomb of the highest upper class. Second, men's hair shapes and accessories in the murals of the Anak No. 3 tomb show that they are wearing silk hats, triangular crown heads, helmets, and black hats. Men's accessories are much more diverse than women's, and they are worn differently depending on their social status. Third, only one female hair shape in the murals of the Anak No. 3 tomb was identified as a high-rise, and the size, shape, location, and headdress of the decorations were different according to their status. It is hoped that this will serve as an opportunity to reflect on the aesthetic consciousness of our ancestors in the past and reinterpret new styles, as well as the ambiguity of the data and different views of researchers.

한려해상국립공원 내 퇴적물을 대상으로 입도, 총유기탄소(TOC), 중금속(Fe, Li, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg)을 분석하여 퇴적물의 특성과 중금속 오염도를 평가하였다. 퇴적물은 자갈과 모래가 우세하게 분포하였으나, 일부 지역에서는 펄 함량이 높아 지역적 차이 를 보였다. TOC 함량은 세립성분이 많은 지역에서 상대적으로 높았으며, 이는 입도와 유기물 간의 밀접한 연관성을 시사한다. 중금속 분포는 입도, 유기물, 산화⋅환원 조건 등 환경적 요인에 의해 조절되었으며, Cr와 Ni는 자연적 기원의 영향을 주로 받았던 반면, Hg, Cd, Cu 등은 국지적 오염원의 영향을 받는 것으로 파악되었다. 오염도 평가 결과, 연구지역은 정점별로 오염과 비오염 상태가 혼재된 양상을 보였으며, 일부 지역에서는 저서생물에 대한 극심한 위해성이 확인되었다.

To evaluate the characteristics of sediments and the degree of heavy metal pollution in Hallyeohaesang National Park, sediment samples were analyzed for grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), and heavy metals (Fe, Li, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg). The sediments were primarily composed of gravel and sand, but certain areas exhibited a high proportion of silt and clay. The TOC content was relatively higher in areas with finer sediment fractions, indicating a strong relationship between grain size and organic matter. The distribution of heavy metals was influenced by environmental factors such as grain size, organic matter, and redox conditions. Cr and Ni were primarily associated with natural origins, while Hg, Cd, and Cu were significantly affected by localized pollution sources. The pollution assessment revealed the presence of both polluted and unpolluted conditions within the study area. In specific areas, a high risk level for benthic organisms was identified, indicating severe ecological implications.

본 논문에서는 헤어케어 제품에 대한 관심도가 늘어남에 따라, 소비자 니즈 분석을 통해 소비자와 뷰티기 업에서 활용 가능한 지속 가능한 헤어오일 제품 개발을 하고자 2024년 8월 1일부터 9월 2일까지 성인 남녀 302명 을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하였으며, 불성실 응답자를 제외하고, 총 300부의 설문지를 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 조 사 결과, 조사 대상자들은 모발관리에 대한 홈 케어 필요성(48.33%)에 대해 인식하고 있었으며, 헤어오일 제품의 선호하는 제품 가격은 1-2만원대(58.33%)와 플로럴 향(37.33%)과 산뜻한 사용감(36%)을 선호하는 것을 알 수 있 었고, 용기의 형태는 플라스틱(64.33%)의 펌프형(72.33%)을 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 일상생활에서 모 발 손상의 원인이 되는 자외선 차단 효과 대한 효과(27.7%)를 가진 제품을 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와같 은 본 연구 결과를 통해 환경을 생각한 재생 플라스틱의 용기를 사용하여 소비자가 선호하는 헤어오일 제품의 전 략을 수립하는데 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In this paper, in order to develop sustainable hair oil products that can be used by consumers and beauty companies through analysis of consumer needs, the questionnaire was distributed to 302 adult men and women from August 1st to September 2nd, 2024, and a total of 300 questionnaires were used as analysis data, excluding unfaithful respondents. As a result of the survey, the survey subjects were aware of the need for home care for hair care (48.33%), and the preferred product prices of hair oil products were in the range of 1-2,000 won (58.33%), floral scent (37.33%), and fresh feeling (36%), and it was found that the shape of the container was preferable for the pump type (72.33%) of plastic (64.33%). In addition, it was found that products with the effect of UV protection (27.7%), which causes hair damage in daily life, are preferred. Through the results of this study, it is considered that it can be used as important basic data for establishing strategies for hair oil products favored by consumers by using containers of recycled plastic considering the environment.

이 연구의 목적은 ‘실습학기제라는 낯선 제도 시행에서 협력은 어떻게 가능한가?’를 밝히기 위한 것으로, 핵심 질문은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실습학기제 시범운영 과정에서 협력을 위한 제 도적 혹은 구조적 장치는 무엇이었으며, 이들은 두 기관의 협력 과정에서 어떻게 작동하였나? 둘째, 협력적 실습학기제 시범운영을 가능케 했던 참여 주체들의 공통된 내적 기제는 무엇이 었으며, 이는 협력적 교육실습 생태계 구축에 어떻게 작용했나? 이 연구는 2023년 2학기 A 대학교 수학교육과 실습학기제 시범운영 과정을 대상으로 한 사례연구이다. 연구 결과, 실습학기제 시범운영을 위한 외적 장치의 효과는 참여 학과마다 다 른 양상으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이를 가져온 변인은 참여자의 인식과 태도였다. A 대학교 수학교육과의 세 주체는 ‘서로를 인정하는 마음’으로 ‘수평적인 관계’에서 ‘협력적으로 소통’했 다. 이러한 내적 기제는 제도적, 구조적 협력 장치를 넘어서는 것이었다. 그 덕분에 세 주체 가 모두 실습학기제를 통해 배우고 성장할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to reveal ‘How is cooperation possible in finding an unfamiliar system called the practicum semester system?’ The key questions of this study are as follows. First, what were the institutional or structural mechanisms for cooperation in the course of pilot operation of the practical semester system, and how did they work in the process of cooperation between the two institutions? Second, what were the common internal mechanisms of the participants who were able to successfully operate the cooperative practical semester system, and how did they work to build a cooperative educational practice ecosystem? This study is a case study targeting the pilot operation process of the mathematics education department's practical semester system at University A in the second semester of 2023. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of external devices for operating the practical semester system was found to vary depending on the participating department. What brought about this difference was the perception and attitude of the participants, not external cooperation mechanisms. The three subjects of the Department of Mathematics Education at University A ‘recognized’ each other as subjects with expertise in teacher education and were ‘cooperatively communicating’ in a ‘horizontal relationship’. This internal mechanism went beyond institutional and structural cooperation mechanisms As a result, all three stakeholders were able to learn and grow through the School Practicum Semester System.

Aroma products are not essential items needed for food, clothing, and shelter, but most of them are essential daily necessities for leading a basic social life. Of course, the price is a bit expensive because it uses pure vegetable aroma as raw material, but since most products such as tea, scented candles, body products, cosmetics, and accessories are daily necessities, if an awareness base for pure vegetable aroma is established, it can be widely used. It is a product that can be used. Although the business of an aroma specialty mall requires some basic understanding of aroma oil & aromatherapy, it does not require much advanced knowledge and information. The more you prepare and obtain information in advance, the more conveniently you will be able to do business, but it is enough to obtain, feel, and provide information while conducting business. In Korea, the aroma oil & aroma-related business is now at an advanced stage. Therefore, the industry field is wide and the market is also wide. If you think about it differently, it is considered a business field worth challenging because it is a time when a lot of effort must be put into pioneering the market. In the case of industries where the market is already saturated, it is difficult to generate profits as much as the effort put in. However, in the case of the aroma oil and aroma business, the superiority of the products has been proven in the precedents of developed countries, and since it is a market entry stage with few barriers to business, infinite added value can be created. It is a possible business.

This study aims to investigate and present the literature on color therapy that originated in the West and spread to Korea. Through the research, the following conclusions were drawn: First, light has its own unique wavelength and vibration in each color, and there is a scientific fact that when specific color energy is absorbed by the human body, it affects the energy flow within the body, and can be used for disease treatment or psychotherapy. Accordingly, all types of colors can be used as a color healing method to maintain personal health and balance. Second, since light absorbs or reflects only specific colors depending on the nature of the object, it can be seen that colors have a ‘purposefulness’ that selectively selects colors and utilizes them for necessary purposes, and that colors also have a ‘functionality’ that reflects human psychological changes. These two characteristics can be used to exert positive effects through selective stimulation of the human mind and body. Third, color therapy uses color to create a variety of realistic color diagnostic tests and can be applied to treatment by using color in various places.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of store characteristics of wedding enterprises on customer satisfaction, and the final 302 questionnaires were analyzed for customers who visited or received wedding services in Seoul and the metropolitan area. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for wedding service quality selection criteria and marketing strategies by understanding the satisfaction perceived by consumers. The research results are as follows. As a result of examining the effect of store characteristics of wedding enterprises on customer satisfaction, it was found that physical characteristics and technical characteristics had a statistically significant positive effect on product satisfaction, and technical characteristics, physical characteristics, and environmental characteristics on store satisfaction. This was found to have a statistically significant positive effect. Therefore, it can be seen that physical characteristics and technical characteristics of each sub-factor of store characteristics are important factors for product satisfaction of wedding companies, and technical characteristics, physical characteristics, and environmental characteristics of each sub-factor of store characteristics are important factors for store satisfaction of wedding companies. Detailed marketing strategies considering the characteristics of each company's products and immediate marketing should be effectively applied to various social environment changes and wedding trends.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the store characteristics of a wedding enterprise on the loyalty of individual customers. By identifying the loyalty perceived by consumers, an efficient management strategy for the wedding industry was presented, and the basis for establishing an empirical strategy for forming customer loyalty. We want to provide data. First, as a result of examining the effect of the store characteristics of wedding enterprises on the loyalty of individual customers, it was found that physical characteristics, environmental characteristics, and technical characteristics had a statistically significant positive effect on loyalty. Therefore, it can be seen that physical characteristics, environmental characteristics, and technical characteristics are important factors among the sub-factors of store characteristics in the loyalty of individual customers of wedding companies. Second, as a result of examining the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty, it was found that store satisfaction and product satisfaction had a statistically significant positive effect on loyalty. Therefore, it can be seen that product satisfaction and store satisfaction are important factors for each sub-factor of customer satisfaction in customer loyalty of wedding companies. It will be helpful for the effectiveness of empirical marketing strategies that evaluate the characteristics that customers value by wedding details and utilize the characteristics that are decisive for customer loyalty.

운문산군립공원 내 주요 탐방로 5개 구간 6.73km를 대상으로 탐방로의 물리적 특성, 훼손정도 및 훼손유형의 조사를 수행하였다. 탐방 로의 물리적 특성 분석을 위하여 구간을 일정 간격으로 조사하는 신속조사법을 이용하여 총 29개 측점을 선정하였으며, 훼손이 발생한 지점을 전체적으로 조사하는 전체조사법을 이용하여 훼손정도와 훼손유형 분석을 위한 284개 지점에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 탐방로의 물리적 특성은 평균경사 7.2°, 평균노폭 2.0m, 평균나지폭 0m, 최대 침식깊이 0.2m로 조사되었고, 훼손정도는 ‘건전’ 4.70km(69.8%), ‘약’ 2.03km(30.2%) 순으로 나타나 ‘중’ 이상의 훼손이 발생하지 않은 것으로 나타나 탐방로 및 관련 시설에 대하여 체계적인 관리가 이루어지 고 있다고 판단되었다. 또한 탐방로의 훼손 유형은 근계노출 비율이 49.3%(140개소), 노면침식 비율이 46.8%(133개소), 노폭확대 비율이 2.1%(6개소), 비탈붕괴는 1.8%(5개소) 순으로 조사되었다.

In order to analyze the physical characteristics of the trail, a total of 29 points were selected using rapid survey techniques that investigate the routes at regular intervals, and 284 points were selected using census techniques that investigate the whole point of damage for the analysis of the degree of damage and the deterioration types. As a results, the physical characteristics of trails were investigated as follow; 1) 7.2˚ average slope, 2) 2.0m average breadth width, 3) 0m average bared width, and 4) maximum erosion depth of 0.2m. And the degree of damage was found to be 4.70km (69.8%) for “healthy” and 2.03km (30.2%) for “weak”, showing that there was no damage more than “medium” Therefore, it was determined that the related facilities including trails were maintained systematically. Also, the deterioration types of trails were investigated that the ratio of root exposure is 49.3% (140 points), of trail surface erosion is 46.8% (133 points), of breadth width expansion is 2.1% (6 points), and the slope failure is 1.8(5 points)%.

The scope of the cosmetic industry can be determined based on five major classification systems, including the Korean Standard Industrial Classification Criteria (KSIC-9), however, the scope and target of the five classification systems are different. It is necessary to select and use them according to the purpose of the statistics. At this time, it is important to interpret and understand such data and statistics. In 2012, the related regulations were changed to require manufacturers and distributors to report their actual output and import records. From the statistics of the cosmetic industry focusing on reported actual output and import records, the government obtained the information necessary to establish policies and companies obtained the information necessary for decision-making, however, there were still limitations.Accordingly, based on the cosmetics industry analysis report and the data that analyzed the cosmetics trends in various domestic markets, the size of the domestic markets, the number and production status of cosmetic manufacturers, and production output data by cosmetic type and production year were investigated. In addition, by analyzing the import and export performance of the domestic cosmetics industry, the status of major cosmetics exporting countries and importing countries was investigated. As a result, a comprehensive analysis of the domestic cosmetics market size and the number of cosmetics sellers were analyzed by type, and suggestions were made on the production of statistics and cosmetics industry-related policies.

Suggestions for improving the safety management level of domestic cosmetics are as follows. First, it is necessary to establish the procedures for reviewing restricted raw materials such as Ingredients forbidden to be formulated, based on scientific grounds. Second, as implemented in Europe, for Safety Assessment of the products that are managed and distributed in accordance with the current follow-up management system, before going on sale, the “product information file” containing product information should be submitted to the regulatory bodies or reported on the Internet. Third, consumers should be able to check the marked or stated effects or mechanism is true or not. Fourth, the screening criteria for “convergence cosmetics” should be established as soon as possible so that companies can develop and market products in response to the latest science and technologies, while creating an environment where consumers can use cosmetics with confidence. Fifth, labeling of allergenic ingredients should be mandatory and standards for cosmetics for children (including “baby”) should be established and supplemented to a level comparable to overseas systems. Currently, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is discussing plans with experts from various fields to solve this problem. To establish a more complete cosmetic safety management system, new cosmetic screening criteria on the procedures for designating restricted raw materials should be prepared and discussed with many experts in the future, based on the results of research on the systems of each country.

The purpose of this study is to understand the realities of airline employment recognized by college students majoring in airline services and try to find out the structural relationship between major reality cognition, envy, anxiety, career goal diversity and employment preparation behavior. The survey was conducted for students majoring airline service majors, 340 copies of the collected questionnaire were used for empirical analysis. The analysis method for the survey data was IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and Amos Graphics. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the cognition of major reality had a positive effect on envy. Secondly, it has a significant positive effect on the anxiety of real cognition. Third, envy has a significant positive (+) effect on career goal diversity. Fourth, envy has a significant positive (+) effect on Employment preparation. Fifth, anxiety was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on career goal diversity. Sixth, it was shown that anxiety does not have a significant positive effect on employment preparation behavior. Lastly, it was found that career goal diversity did not have a significant positive effect on employment preparation behavior. As the range of career goal diversification of airline service students is confirmed, it is now necessary to induce efficient and personalized career guidance and employment preparation behaviour

This study applied the participatory observation and the in-depth interview. Estheticians are engaged in their service job by accepting emotional dissonance.As a result, they are stressed out, and experience self-alienation. The basic framework of their emotional formation is that their behavior is expressed in the form of the norm of emotional expression, and they undergo psychological reactions, and on the other hand, they experience emotional deviation due to the factors that hinder their emotional expression. The emotional labor is defined as a behavior in which a female worker engaged in service labor who finally comes into contact with customers, performs emotional management and is also under control, in order to provide the service with exchange value. Based on this concept, the process of emotional labor was analyzed, and although it occupies an important part in labor, the psychological reactions of emotional labor and the psychological reactions of the customers are compared and analyzed.