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Japanese university have practiced career education program. The career education is related to vocational education, and it was defined in 1999 by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The definition of the career education is "The education to promote the carrier development through bringing up ability and a manner to become the necessary base toward each person's social occupational independence". Recently, education in connection with a company is propelled in a career education at the university. A representative thing of the education in connection with a company is internship and PBL (project based learning). I will report result of practice of PBL.

Work Based Learning (WBL) is a method learning that combines theoretical and practical learning simultaneously in real employment with the aim of to produce graduates who have high performance workability. WBL programs have been formally implemented in Malaysia since 2007 at Community college and Polytechnic. Among the problems faced by Polytechnics in implementing this learning method is the challenge of the bilateral relationship between polytechnics and industry that collaborates to train students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore, understand and explain the implementation of WBL at Malaysian Polytechnic. The study focuses on three main aspects, namely implementation methods, problems in implementation and the root cause of the problem. Qualitative case study methodology was used and implemented at the Polytechnic Sultan Azlan Shah. Participants involved in this study were lecturers, industry employers and students. Data collection process has been implemented for 5 months using interview techniques, observation and documents analysis. The findings show that there are some constraints in the implementation of WBL in Polytechnic Sultan Azlan Shah. These constraints involve a low level of expertise in the WBL program among lecturers and employers, Polytechnic's bilateral and industrial relations problems, assessment problems, management problems and student admission rates for less favorable curriculum programs. Among the causes for the problem is that individuals involved with the WBL have less experience and knowledge than their implementation. Based on the findings of the study, a conceptual framework for the implementation of the WBL is recommended as a guide to the implementation of the WBL program in the Polytechnic.

Implementation of Work Based Learning (WBL) in polytechnics has led to graduate employability. As part of its efforts towards the effectiveness of graduates' marketability, particularly in the field of Medical Electronic Engineering. Collaboration between two industries (representing the hospital) namely Faber Group (FGB) Berhad and Advance Pact Sdn Bhd (APSB) with Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (PSA) (representing institutions of higher learning) Diploma in Advanced Electronic Engineering (Medical) Program - AEU. The study involves WBL data comprising graduates of the last semester PSA graduates placed at FGB and APSB in June and December from 2008 to 2015. A total of 235 data has been obtained over the period showing 100% of graduates' (GE) marketability. This means that all graduates get jobs after they finish. The statistics show that the effectiveness of polytechnics provides students with the skills that are appropriate to the needs of skilled manpower especially in the field of biomedical engineering in hospitals. The findings show the successfulness of this collaboration through the increased percentage of high-level evaluations and the percentage of student intake as employees by the industry.

“Industry 4.0” is a new form of social time which is based on the development of information technology. It brings great changes to people's production, life and work.And it also led to the new trend of the development of Vocational Education -- “vocational education 4.0”came into being.“Vocational education 4.0” form based on “industry 4.0”: The value orientation of vocational education,which is the service of personality, is a kind of service for the development of individualized career; The goal orientation of vocational education is to cultivate the technical talents with complex qualities; The content of the vocational education, which breaks the boundaries of discipline and specialty, forms the content of integration; to promote the optimization of vocational education mode of learning, namely in a variety of ways to promote effective learning.

Based on Rotter’s social learning theory, monitoring a person’s behaviors in social contexts might help to understand a person’s intrinsic motivation and personality. This research was therefore directed to examine the link between Big Five personality and self-presentation in terms of photo-sharing on the social media, Instagram. There were two studies of this research: the qualitative and the quantitative stages. Data in the first study were collected from 41 students from vocational universities. The researchers monitored and logged the photos shared by the participants and recorded their photo-sharing behaviors daily. Participants then responded to Big Five Inventory to assess their personalities (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness). Based on the results of the first stage, a survey was created and sent to 230 students in the second study. Collected data were then statistically analyzed to examine if differences of photo-sharing pattern existed between different personalities. Results identified most popular types of photos shared on Instagram. There was also a relationship between personality and photo-sharing types. Openness and Extraversion were positively correlated with sharing more photos of selfie and food. Conscientious people tended not to share photos related to entertainment (e.g., Idol and Movie). Neuroticism was significantly correlated with sharing photos about feeling. The results demonstrate that observing a person’s photo-sharing patterns, we may be able to see if this person is appropriate for certain jobs. Educators should also remind students that they are supposed to be prudent about their activities online so that their employability will not be ill-tempered in the future.

Modern vocational education is on the branch road against of reason, subjectivity and freedom. However, the branch road does not mean the dead end. Disavowal and introspection itself is a part of modernity. Modern vocational education can realize the redemption of modernity through the establishment of value and significance, the responsibility to others and the promotion of people's freedom and liberation.

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of Chinese medicine aromatherapy on olfactory conduction course design, which is based on the action research method design and individual research. The research object background is a 62-year-old female office worker, who is a Management Adviser in a public telecommunications company. The method adopted is pre-test and post-test method, for 4 weeks period; for the first two weeks pre-test , is to fill in the pressure index measurement table, insomnia self-rating table, and morning and evening record of blood pressure and pulse and sleep time. For the third week, before going to bed, started to use lavender highland essential oil diluted with Simmondsia chinensis vegetable oil to release stress and help to sleep, which can be directly smeared on philtrum and continue to record morning and evening (blood pressure BP), ( Pulse P) and sleep time. For the fourth week, started the post-test and then filled out the pressure index measurement table, insomnia self-rating table, and data analysis of case free writing; for the pre-test, the morning and early blood pressure pulse were 114 / 58mmHg P62 & 105 / 53mmHg P65 and for sleep, every day average sleep time was 7 hours and 21 minutes. And for post-test, the average daily sleep was 7 hours and 1 minutes, while morning and evening blood pressure pulse were 114 / 57mmHgp 63 & 107 / 55mmHg P69.Stress index measurement table for the pre-test, there were 10 questions with answer yes, 2 questions with answer no, while for the post-test, there were 5 questions with answer yes and 7 questions with answer no. Insomnia self-rating table for the pre-test was 12 points and 5 points for the post-test, and from these results for the study we can learn that the introduction of Chinese medicine aromatherapy olfactory conduction program actually can help the elderly to release stress and sleep well. This study suggests that the promotion of Chinese medicine aromatherapy olfactory conduction course and the establishment of personal health self-management habits could not only adjust the balance of body and mind at daily time but also improve insomnia caused by stress, and then improve the quality of life; especially due to daily records self-view and management, if necessary, it could timely provide effective medical data for reference so as to reduce the cost of medical expenses.

This presentation clarifies the relevance between qualifying technical education courses and career experiences in colleges, and the development of key vocational competencies and vocational values by students. This study was originally implemented as one part of the surveys within the framework of Prof. Terada’s research project. The analysis was made from longitudinal data (N=82) from students at two Japanese polytechnic colleges, based on responses in 2013 (freshmen) and 2016 (seniors). Many students had received vocational certificates before entering college, but the tendency had been reinforced since the first year in college. This influences the development of vocational key skills or vocational values. These situations were shown through factor analyses of variables for skills and values, analyses of variances on factor scales, and some career experience variables.

The purpose of this study is to know about the work ethics of secondary vocational students majoring in tourism in Shanghai, comparing the differences of work ethics between different genders, different origins as well as among who owing different reasons of major choice. In this study, 443 effective data have been obtained during the period from November to December in 2016, conducted in three schools with high quality of tourism education in Shanghai. According to the statistical analysis, the overall work ethics of secondary vocational students is not very satisfactory. There is no significant difference between male and female. However, in term of “work regulations”, remarkable differences can be found between Shanghainese and Non-Shanghainese students. The reasons for major choice have also a greater impact on work ethics. Work interest affects “work attitude” and “work values” so enormous that there are significant difference and extremely significant difference in the samples. In addition, we have discovered significant differences in “work values” between students who choose the major by themselves and students who were adjusted to the major. It is reported that there is statistical relevance between work ethics and academic records, work interest, major choice.

The graduates of both vocational high school (VHS) and academic high school (AHS) are in a very keen competition in the labor market in Indonesia. Even though both of them have different goals, but in the fact 40% AHS graduates in Indonesia jump into labor market. So that, this article examines owners’ view point on employability of graduates from VHS and AHS who are working on Indonesia’s fashion creative industry (FCI). Using head to head comparison, twenty-four FCI owners in Indonesia were interviewed. Data were collected through open-ended interviews. A major finding is VHS graduates who are working in FCI more expected to be employees by owners, but they have weaknesses on work attitude, productivity, and adaptability skill. While, AHS graduates have lack on technical skill, but average FCI owners' view point prefer to hire AHS graduates. FCI owners’ strategies to enhance employability both of them are fostering through training and support the employees to join fashion competition.

This research aims to: 1) express efforts of increasing the competence of Vocational High School students through industrial work practices, 2) find the participation rate of graduate of Vocational High School in the fulfillment of DUDI workforce. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The subjects of this study consist of students, teachers, principals and business world and industry. The technique of collecting data in this research is through observation, questionnaires and documentation. This research was conducted at SMKN 2 Depok and SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. Technique of data analysis uses triangulation. The results of this research are: 1) the effort of increasing the competence of Vocational High School students through industrial work practice consisting of: observation, learning by doing, learning by experience, learning to solve problems, learning through work environment condition, and dialectical interaction between students and the environment at PI; 2) the average participation rate of graduates of Vocational High School in fulfillment of workforce in DUDI during the last three years is 75.4% work in accordance with their area, 18.94% continue study and the rest of 5.66% do entrepreneurship in accordance with the competence of their skills.

Culinary is one of famous departments in vocational high schools (VHS) in Indonesia. Many students who graduate from VHS of culinary department are welcomed well by labor market. This study aims to examine the job readiness before the students of culinary department jump into labor market from industries' viewpoints. Using an open-ended interview, 15 owners of culinary industry were interviewed in this study. Further, three-quarter of participants said students who study culinary in VHS have good skills and they are ready to become skilled employees. On the other hand, some other owners said students need more experience before jumping into labor market. The culinary owners hoped the students who graduate from culinary department not only have skills but also creativity to enhance their career in the future.

Alumni survey research can tap users’ perspectives on an educational product and thereby provide valuable information for outcomes assessment aimed at improving the quality of educational programs. The aim of this study is to examine the differences of alumni perception of study experience in University between graduates from Fashion Design Vocational Education and Diploma Program of Fashion Design related with job readiness in fashion industry. Participants is all alumni who had graduated both from Vocational Fashion Design Education and Diploma Program of Fashion Design in Family Welfare Education Department of State University of Surabaya, Indonesia. A questionnaire and convenient sampling selected will sent via electronic media. Data analysis will use t-test

Occupation status, perception of workplace training and occupational identity are measured with724 Chinese vocational students by qualified instruments. Results of the structural equation model indicate that occupational status and workplace training all influence students occupational identity, while the quality of workplace training has greater influence compared with occupational status, which challenges conventional Chinese views on occupational status and illustrates the importance of workplace training. Furthermore, as the result of regression model, “Expert Culture”, “Match of tasks with competence”, “Task Complexity” and “Autonomy”, regarding the quality of workplace training, predict 29.4% variation of vocational students’ occupational identity. The influences of “Transparency” and “Task Variety” are not significant.

This study aims to analyze the internship implemented in Culinary Art Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University (PT B Indonesia_Dewi E Murniatioga FT UNY) to improve the students employability skills. Based on preliminary observations of researchers, there are several things that need to be attentive to the implementation of the Internship in PT Boga FT UNY. This study is expected to be one of Internship evaluation in PT Boga FT UNY to improve students’ employability skills as a responsibility of education institutions to students as its main consumer. This type of research was ex post facto with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected by structured interviews will be used to obtain qualitative data. The study population was student supervisors in the Internship location, especially in Yogyakarta and surrounding areas totaling 16 hotels in Yogyakarta, Magelang and Surakarta. The research sample was a number of 6 hotels 4 and 5 in Yogyakarta and Magelang. Data was collected at the time of execution of the internship program in July-September 2016. The method used in the study was an evaluation study using a model approach Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP). The result shows that the internship program in PT Boga FT UNY cannot improve student employability skills yet. This is because there is a gap between the findings of Internship guidance of FT UNY (the standard criteria) with facts on the ground. To overcome these issues, industry provides some considerations which are relevant to: (1) Context, includes the internship debriefing related to: the understanding and agreement on objectives PI, the technical execution as the application petition, and the procedure of resume writing, interviewing, training interpersonal skills, matching the interest and competence of students with industry requirements, (2) input, includes a database system of integrated internship location, and MoU or agreement with industry, (3) Process, including curriculum and mentoring PI, (4) Product, covering students’ assessment and internship reports.

The statistics of the Ministry of Education in Taiwan show that the population of the domestic students who study overseas (including Mainland China) after graduating from both senior high schools and vocational high school reached 1,412, accounting for 0.56%, until June 2016 (Ministry of Education, 2016). For these students, gaining experiences such as going on oversea study tours and visits, participating in international activities overseas, and taking part in international competitions is beneficial to applying oversea universities. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the students’ oversea experiences and the “Social Economic Status” of their parents. The subjects are the second-year students of the 104 academic year (Fall semester 2015-Spring semester 2016). The statistical researches are based on the “Taiwan Upper Secondary Database” (臺灣後期中等教育長期追蹤資料庫). The study results are provided for future reference in the field of education.

Vocational Secondary School (VSS) as one of the educational institutions has a mission or purpose to prepare a workforce who can fill job requirements and qualified professionals who are expected to play a role as a featured tool for business and industry in Indonesia in facing global competition. The principle of industrial cooperation between schools and business world has the objective to accelerate the adjustment period needed by vocational high school graduates to enter the workforce, which eventually will improve the quality of the vocational high schools. A scope of activities that would enable both sides to implement the activities is necessary to be applied during the cooperation. The types of programs that will be conducted consist of the Internship Program, Training Program, Production Program (innovative product), and Graduate Distribution Program. Such programs also implement the strategies of cooperation, such as recruitment, career fair, human resource delivery to the company, hiring process and arrival at the enterprize.

Career planning is the basis of individual career development The objective of this article is to identify career planning indicators for TVET entrepreneurs from Skills Institute of MARA (IKM) and MARA Higher Skills College (KKTM) in Malaysia using Dephi Modified technique. Two rounds were conducted to obtain a quartile range (ROQ) so that the level of consensus among experts was high. ROQ value is the value obtained from the questionnaires that have been completed by entrepreneurs to get the value of the agreement on the career planning indicators. The findings show that two sub constructs found in the career development plan get a high consensus that is the focus of career planning and self efficacy in career planning where no item is eliminated and gets a high consensus. In this regard, it is important that this study is carried out to look at the items needed for an entrepreneur, especially entrepreneurs graduating from Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) in Malaysia in planning his career well.

This study aims to examine how the organizational identity of a university affects the career course. For the purpose, this paper analyzed lesson transcripts from a career course at a university and interviewing students. The findings from the research indicated that this course was designed in accordance with students’ character and the designated mission of the university and students took it for granted that to work as an engineer met the mission of the university. Career education in accordance with an organizational identity might motivate students’ learning and effective in helping students to consider their future occupation. However, this study suggests that too much emphasis upon organizational identity may prevent students’ from pursuing their own values and narrow their visions of the future.

The accomplishment in the vocational education and training program implementation needs a mutual partnership among Vocational Schools and industries. The paper aims to determine: (1) model of cooperation between industries and vocational high school on vocational education and training program especially in the field of heavy equipment (2) contribution by each party to the implementation of the cooperation. The paper was written based on the result of a survey study that was completed on the parties involved and interested in the implementation of vocational education and training program especially in the field of heavy equipment in Indonesia. The paper presents that: (1) The pattern of relationship between vocational and industrial cooperation if that viewed from Vocational Schools side are: (a) fully collaborate (full partnership) in carrying out cooperation programs like peer-to-peer relationship and (b) partial partnership that the Vocational School is in collaboration with some of the industries to carry out some activities of educational programs. Cooperative activities undertaken by the industry is only one aspect of the activity that is part of the overall educational program. (2) Each party has a positive contribution in accordance with the competence and scope of work of each institution in order to achieve the best vocational education and training implementation.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using Natural Resource Beta Wave Technology (NRBWT) in literacy to stimulate students with learning disabilities in chinese primary school in Perlis, the Rural Northen State in Malaysia. This quantitative research was designed using Quasi-experimental method. 31 respondents selected as a sample in Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) in Perlis, Malaysia. This study was treated with Simulation Beta Wave with 20Hz for a period of 9 weeks and without any controlled sample treatment group. A cognitive test of C1 and C2 where ‘C’ stands for ‘construct’ tool was used to collect data before and after the intervention was done. Amidst the treatment, the pre-test and post-test achievement tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Beta Wave of 20Hz. The findings of this study was analyzed using the SPSS 22 with descriptive mean, frequency, % and multiple regression. The results indicates that the effect of Beta wave green technology with 20Hz gives significant positive influence in the learning of students with learning disabilities as a Northen Rural State in Malaysia.

The purpose of this study is to analyze economic outcomes of Korean Apprenticeship System from the perspective of society including government, companies, and apprentices, and to suggest economically efficient policy direction. As a result of cost-benefit analysis of Korean Apprenticeship System, net present value(NPV) and benefit/cost ratio(B/C), which are calculated as a present value of 5 year's(2016~2020) cost and benefit with a discount rate of 5.5%, is 110 million KRW(per apprentice) and 1.823 respectively. It is proved that Korean Apprenticeship System's cost is bigger than benefit in the first year, but benefit exceeds cost in the long term(five years). So, it is clarified that Korean Apprenticeship System is an economically feasible project.

In the new era, the development and transformation of economy and society in China need more high-quality technicians. However, the traditional and conservative talent training model is far from satisfying the demand of the new development. Therefore, Modern Apprenticeship has gradually become the optimal model for cultivating new talents in China. Because the harmony of mentoring relationship directly affects the effective implementation of Modern Apprenticeship, this article is committed to exploring the present situation and problems of this relationship based on the perspective of students, and attempting to explain the underlying reasons, which are important evidence for improving this relationship. Only by establishing a stable and harmonious mentoring relationship can we really promote the development of Modern Apprenticeship and vocational education for better.

This investigation was carried out to identify and assess the appropriate social skills and social value elements of the dual system apprenticeship program by applying the Modified Nominal Group Technique. These elements will be taken into account in the development of the social skills and social value competence model for the dual system apprenticeship program that will be used as the primary reference for skills instructors. The formation of these elements is based on the panel of experts’ views and consensus. A total of 13 experts who were directly involved with the dual system apprenticeship program were identified. The Modified Nominal Group Technique data analysis was determined based on the score given by all of the panel of experts’ votes, which were converted into percentages and compared with the terms set. The experts’ agreement determined the final elements of social skills and social values. The voting process in the Modified Nominal Group Technique session was not intended to eliminate or abolish any element that had been mutually agreed upon by the experts. Instead, the voting process was aimed at determining the priorities of each of the elements according to the preference of each expert, that was based on individual scale interpretation. The Modified Nominal Technique group contains five stages that need to be observed: research briefings, idea generation, sharing and discussing ideas. The best idea went through a voting process and the research findings were presented. The elements that were formed had a great implication on the construction of the model. Therefore, the findings of this study will be the most important source of reference in constructing the social skills competency model for the dual system apprenticeship program.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the " In Dual System of Vocational Training Program " in technical and vocational education so as to solve the "learning gap and reduce the “transaction cost”" between education and business practice. In this study, Use quantitative and qualitative approach ,data were collected through diversified methodological approaches, including literature analysis, questionnaires, interviews and focus-based discussions from related school, partner and participants. The results of this study revealed that the key factoring affect the “Dual System of Vocational Training Program” are as the following;(1) The quality of the project and the approval of the business partners;(2) If the participants know their career plans or like the tards after joining, then they are more likely to work for the same business partner or stay in the same industry.(3)This study also showed that although some participants were not working for the same business partner after the project because the business partner did not satisfy their requirements, but they remain to work in the same industry. This study shows that there is positive value to student benefit with participatory learning.

The industrial internship program (IIP) has been widely recognized in many developed countries. This program has shown a contribution to the improvement of labor market outcomes for their country's economic development. This is demonstrated by the quality of job performance of vocational education graduates in the workplace. One of IIP successes is because it has implemented effectively by vocational education and industries supported by the government to provide employability skills to their students. Indonesia as one of the developing countries has also implemented IIP in vocational education both at the levels of higher education and high school, but this program indicated that the contribution of IIP was very minimal to provide work experience directly to the students. This is happening because of different understanding between education and industry how to develop IIP for preparing students' employability skills. Furthermore, to solve this issue, an understanding to develop sustainable IIP in Indonesia will be explained in this paper.

Increase of women entrepreneurs are expected because it may break through the stagnating local economy and change the society. However, Japanese women are not utilized fully compared with other developed countries since many women have to abandon their career after the birth of children. In another word, there is a lot of potential to use women’s ability in Japan since they may not be utilized fully. The author and her colleagues conducted hearings with women entrepreneurs to know their success factors and surveyed middle aged women in Fukushima to know their entrepreneurial and human resource development needs. Reflecting these, two days seminars for supporting the future women entrepreneurs were held twice in Iwaki city, Fukushima. Finally, a manual which is aiming to support women entrepreneurs was created as a result of the study and continuous blushing up by PDCA should be required in order to support increase of women entrepreneurs.

In this study, a teacher training course in the national university and another one in the private university are examined from viewpoint of period, credit and the content of field study. Practice teaching in Japanese system is shorter than East Asia countries, it may be insisted that it is in a good opportunity to experience the various duties of a teacher and decrease stress of a student facing practice teaching who want to be a teacher by prolonging spot experience-based activity, including "school internship." However, it causes a fear that variety and the flexibility that are a merit of "the school internship" are spoiled by legislating in new teacher training course since 2019 as a substitute of the student teaching, on the other hand. Based on such a point, it is demanded now that staffs engaged in teacher training course of Japanese university should perform a teacher training to secure specialty.

"Made in China 2025" will trigger the concept, logic and way of technical survival a profound change in three aspects. Corresponding to this, the role of vocational education teachers must also be adjusted to the leader of the return of vocational education to the life of the world, innovators of curriculum and teaching, pioneers of technological ethics education and technological aesthetics education, promoters of technological innovation education. The transformation of the role of teachers in vocational education can be carried out from two aspects: the first is to improve vocational education teacher training from the system construction level；the second is to cultivate comprehensive professional, to promote the rational development of curriculum and teaching, to disseminate technological culture from the teacher's own development level.

In order to provide successful VET in the age of the 4th industrial revolution, it is critical to ensure the professionalism of vocational teachers. On top of that, for the sustainable development of vocational teachers, the competencies of them are needed to be verified. Accordingly, this study was aimed at verifying the competencies of vocational teachers in the context of Korea. To that end, literature are reviewed for drafting the set of competencies and delphi survey involving 13 experts was conducted to examine the competencies we developed. As a result of this study, 6 competency domains and 25 competencies were drawn up.