Earticle

전 세계적으로 저가항공(Low Cost Carrier; LCC)이 확산되는 추세이다. 이러한 추세는 한- 중-일을 포함한 동북아지역에서도 최근 크게 고조되고 있는 상태이다. 더욱이 한-중-일 모두 재정적자 또는 지방경제 활성화를 위해 지방공항의 활용이 절실한 상태라는 점에서도 역내 LCC의 발전은 주목할 필요가 있다. 특히 한-중-일 3국이 동북아지역내 교류 및 협력을 활성화 하기 위해 LCC 중심의 ‘초광역 LCC 셔틀 노선’을 구축한다면, 동북아지역내 LCC 산업은 더 욱 확대･발전하게 될 것이다. 또한 LCC 산업의 발전은 지역관광의 활성화, 고용창출, 중･저소 득층의 후생복지 효과 등 한-중-일 3국의 국내 산업에도 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 첫 째, LCC 발전에 따른 지방공항의 활성화는 지역관광의 활성화로 이어져 전반적인 지역경제에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 둘째, LCC의 취항 증가로 인한 관련 승무원, 국내 사무소 직원, 가이드 등 고용창출에 영향을 줄 것이다. 셋째, LCC 취항 증가로 인해 저소득층/소외계층의 여행기회가 확대될 가능성이 높다. 넷째, 기존 공항의 활용에 따른 불필요한 예상 낭비를 줄일 수도 있다. 다만, 단순히 역내 LCC 확대･발전이 긍정적인 측면만을 제공하지는 않을 것이라는 점이다. 따 라서 동북아 주요 대도시와의 차별성을 통해 긍정적인 효과의 극대화는 물론이고 새로운 투자 유망지역으로의 발돋움을 모색해야 할 것이다.

Low Cost Carrier(LCC) industry is expanding in the world. The development of LCC industry is rising in Northeast Asia including Korea, China, and Japan. For all Korea, China and Japan's financial loss or vitalizing the local economy, the development of LCC within the area is expected to be needed for the use of local airport. Especially, when the three nations(Korea, China, and Japan) construct 'decentralized LCC shuttle route' in order to vitalize exchange and cooperation within Northeast Asia, LCC industry within Northeast Asia will expand and develop. Also, it seems that the development of LCC industry will affect three nations' industries such as vitalization of local tourism, creation of employment, welfare effect of low income and minority class, and etc. as follows; First, vitalization of local airport followed by LCC development will be connected to development of surrounding tourist attractions which eventually will be effected to overall local economy. Second, regarding the creation of employment, it seems that it will effect flight attendants, domestic office employees, tour guide which are related to the increase of LCC departure. Third, regarding correlation of welfare for low income and minority class, it seems that opportunity of travel for low income and minority class will be expanded because of increase of LCC departure. Fourth, we could decrease unnecessary budget thanks to the practical the use of original airport. However, what we should focus on is that expansion and development of LCC within the area would not provide only positive effects. Therefore, if we try to find out our own way to survive through differentiation of big cities in Northeast Asia, not only the positive effect will be maximized but also it is thought as it will become a new investment area.

In history, Chinese traditional culture widely spread in East Asia, among which the Korea Peninsula and Japan have been influenced most deeply. With the modernization process of China, Japan and ROK, the inheritance and protection of traditional culture in Japan and ROK has not been affected by modernization construction, and both of them maintain heavy historic cultural tradition. As the origin of these three countries’ traditional cultures, how to develop our national cultural traditional in the process of modernization is the key point of this article.

中国传统文化历史上曾广泛传播到东亚各地区，其中以朝鲜半岛和日 本受其影响最深。随着中日韩三国的现代化进程，日本和韩国队传统文化的继承与保 护并没有受到现代化建设的冲击，始终保留着浓厚的历史文化传统。作为三国文化发 源地的中国，如何在现代化进程中继承发展了本民族的文化传统是文章关注的重点

20世纪后半叶以来，特别是世纪之交，恐怖主义问题严重。从1998年的肯 尼亚大使馆爆炸⑴，到震惊世人的9･11事件，恐怖主义大有愈演愈烈之势。恐怖主义 活动的动机多种多样。当今的恐怖主义呈现出活动经常化、方式多样化、伤害扩大 化、组织全球化和动机复杂化的特点。由于各国受意识形态和国家利益的驱使，使各 国在反恐行动中，步调未完全一致。2014年3月1日发生的昆明火车站暴恐案，更是为 中国敲响了警钟。综合各国经验，中国在反恐上应做到：加快经济建设；加强立法， 严格执法；建立反恐机构，完善反恐机制；要弘扬主旋律，践行社会主义核心价值 观；要发挥宗教界和民族届关键人物的作用；加强国际合作与双边合作。

이 연구는 광역두만강개발계획(The Greater Tumen Initiative) 지역의 물류 효율성 분석과 발전방안에 관한 연구이다. 물류 효율성(Logistics Performance) 분석에는 물류 환경의 가장 중 요한 측면으로 간주되는 세관, 물류 인프라, 국제운송, 물류경쟁력, 화물추적, 시의성 등 6가지 변수를 사용하였다. 이 연구 결과 GTI 지역의 세관에서는 표준화된 통관 절차와 일관된 통관 기준 및 투명화 된 통관 과정이 부족하였다. 물류인프라에서는 시설이 낙후되어 있으며, 운송망이 체계적으로 구 축되어 있지 못하였다. 국제운송에서는 환적화물에 대한 통관비용이 과다하며, 업무 지연 화 물수송에 있어서 추가적인 비용이 발생하고 있다. 물류경쟁력에서 운송 지연, 경직된 운영 등 으로 서비스 수준이 미흡한 실정이다. 화물추적은 TSR에서는 가능하지만 중국내에서의 화물 운송에 있어서 가장 큰 문제가 화물의 위치 추적이 어려운 상태이다. 시의성에서는 환적시 정 체현상 등 물류의 구조적 문제로 공급예정 시간 이내에 목적지에 도달하는 운송의 적시성이 떨어지고 있다. 따라서 물류 소프트웨어 적인 면과 하드웨어적인 측면이 결합된 효율적인 통합물류네트워 크 구축이 필요하다. 더불어 물류산업 발전을 위해 민간기업과 정부당국의 역할 분담 및 협력 관계의 구축과 GTI 지역의 자유무역지역 형성이 우선되어야 한다.

This article is on the logistics performance analysis and development plan in area of the Greater Tumen Initiative. This article considers six variables for logistics performance analysis: effciency of the customs clearance process, quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure, ease of arranging competitively priced shipments, competence and quality of logistics services, ability to track and trace consignments, and frequency with which shipments reach the consignee within the scheduled or expected time. The main results of the logistics performance of GTI region can be summarized as follows; the customs clearance procedures, consistent with the standardized criteria and transparency of customs clearance process was the lack. Logistics infrastructure and the facilities are outdated, and transportation networks have not been built systematically. Customs costs of transshipment cargo are excessive and have occurred the additional costs on delayed cargo. Service levels are low due to transportation delays and the rigid management. In China, cargo tracking is a difficult. And due to the logistics bottlenecks phenomenon on time transshipment often did not reach the consignee within the scheduled or expected time. Therefore, Building of an efficient integrated logistics network which combined with the software and hardware of logistics is required. Also for the development of logistics industry is needed roles and cooperation between the private sector and government authorities, and should be followed the formation of a free trade area in the GTI.

Due to the breakout of the First Sino‐Japanese War, the Sino‐Korean suzerain‐vassal relationship, which lasted over hundreds of years, was ended and turned to be a modern treaty system based on Sovereign Equality Principle. Over the next 120 years since the War, China and Korea had once been friends, allies and enemies before becoming partners eventually. Although the bilateral relations had witnessed twists and turns, they are moving towards more mature and rational direction. There are also some problems between the two countries, such as unbalanced relationship, vulnerable to the impact from third‐parties, etc. So, both countries need to make a concerted and continual effort to explore ways to boost the bilateral relationship, in order to meet new challenges and to maintain peace in Northeast Asia. As for China, it needs to attach more importance to Sino‐Korean relations, to formulate a new Korean policy under Korean peninsula frame, to accelerate the resolution of various issues and to fully deepen cooperation in humanities between the two countries.

120年前的甲午战争终结了中韩千百年的宗藩体制，使之转向了主权平 等的近代条约体制。在此后的120年间，中韩做过友邦、当过盟友，也一度是兵戎相见 的敌人。虽然两国关系历经曲折，但最终建立了符合双方利益的伙伴关系。总体来 看，中韩关系正朝着日趋成熟、理性的方向发展，但也存在发展不平衡、容易受到第 三方因素影响等问题。中韩都需要继续探索深化两国关系的途径，以应对日本的新挑 战等，维护东北亚和平。从中国的角度来看，我们需要更加重视对韩外交，制定朝鲜 半岛层面的宏观政策，加速解决两国间存在的各种问题，全面强化合作的文化基础。

Two countries with a long and mostly positive over 500 year common history, have in the last decades started developing their partnership. Both countries have very specific needs, but also challenges to overcome. In this thesis I will use both countries' history to explain their current situation and point out what initiatives are being put forth to meet their future goals. I will also give present some ideas that are still just projects and dreams. In the first part I start with the past, giving a small presentation of the most relevant parts of history. In Portugal's case, it is the Discovery period, which allowed the Portuguese language and culture to be spread worldwide. In China's case more emphasis is given to recent history that justifies this country's current position as second largest economy in the world. Every country has its own experience and something to share, from natural resources and traditional products to technology and expertise. Even language and culture can be a huge asset in a globalized world. With this thesis, I Intend to prove that even though two countries may have almost nothing in common, they still can benefit from cooperation.

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the Portuguese language in China, and in turn, a growing trend for learning Mandarin in Portugal. As an emerging economy, the world has its eyes focused on China. Due to the growing cooperation between China, Angola and Brazil, the Portuguese language has become increasingly popular in China. For the Chinese, since Portugal is the country of origin of the Portuguese language and enjoys a significant political and social stability, is the first location chosen to learn Portuguese. For this reason, and over time, many partnerships between Portuguese and Chinese universities and institutions have been made, facilitating the exchange of students, exchange of resources and knowledge, and the creation of language courses. This essay presents the context in which the relations and partnerships between Chinese and Portuguese universities have been established. The topics to be addressed are: international relations between China and Portuguese‐speaking countries, the importance of international and cultural exchange in a globalized world, as well as the value of the cooperation between universities. Next, this essay also aims to present examples of cooperation programs that have been established, and plans for further collaboration between Portugal and China. This theme is closely related to my personal experience. Having already had the opportunity to join international programs to study Mandarin in Chinese universities, this theme displays a reality that is familiar to me and I consider most relevant in the present times.

본 논문은 오늘날 동북아시아 국제 정세에 있어서 동아시아 공동체 실현이 대두되고 있는 상황에서 안중근 의사의 ‘동양평화론’이 지니고 있는 가치와 중요성의 인식을 바탕으로 앞으 로의 동아시아 공동체에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 연구하였다. 안중근은 환경적 요인과 시대 적 배경상황을 통해 본인만의 이상향적인 평화사상을 제시하였는데 이는 안중근이 살았던 당 시 제국주의 침략자인 일본의 또 다른 ‘동양평화론’을 반박할 수 있었고, 더 나아가 오늘날 지 역평화 공동체인 유럽연합과 동아시아 공동체에 있어서 커다란 시사점과 이와 비교･분석적 연구를 할 만한 가치가 있다고 제시하였다고 할 수 있다. 실제로 안중근의 ‘동양평화론’과 청취 서 등 여러 안중근의 평화사상이 깃들여진 자료들에서 동아시아 삼국의 평화공동체 실현목적 과 구체적 실현방안까지 제시하고 있다는 점에서 앞으로 어떻게 동아시아 공동체가 진행될 것 인지에 대해 관심 있게 바라볼 필요가 있다고 밝히는 바이다.