Earticle

Cultivation technology was studied for stable fruiting of adult tree transplantation cultivation in satsuma mandarin in the open field. A 42-year-old unshiu ‘Miyagawa Wase’ adult tree was transplanted to Gangjeong-dong, Seogwipo-si in 2010 and tested from 2018 to 2020. The contents of the treatment consisted of annual overall bearing, annual partial bearing and biennial bearing. Investigation items included leaf mineral element content, chlorophyll content, agricultural work time, browse development, fruit quality survey, canopy volume, yield, and fruit size. The time required for agricultural work based on 10a was 40.54 hours for annual partial bearing, which was the most demanded. In partial fruiting, flower picking took the most time (25.89 hours). The agricultural work hours were investigated as 18.43 hours for fruiting once every two years and 16.34 hours for overall fruiting. In annual partial bearing, the ratio of sugar content of 12°Bx or more was most common at 70.7%, and the ratio of acid content less than 1.00% was also the most common at 34.5%. In partial fruiting, the yield per tree was the highest at 86.2 kg, and the ratio of small and medium fruit size (2S, S, M) was the highest at 77.1%. It is considered that annual partial bearing is more suitable as a method for stable fruiting every year compared to other treatments. However, it takes more time for agricultural work than other treatments in annual partial bearing. In order to shorten the working time, a strong cut pruning for the unplanted and branch is required.

찻잎의 생육시기 및 품질은 생육기간 중의 온 도 등에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 금설과 야부키타 품종을 활용하여 온도구배터 널 내의 재배온도 차이에 의한 찻잎의 발아 및 생육시기, 테아닌 및 카테킨 함량을 비교하였다. 온도구배터널 내 첫물차에서 온도가 높은 안쪽지 역에서는 중간 및 바깥쪽보다 발아 및 생육시기 가 빠르고, 두물차 및 세물차에서는 재배온도에 의한 차이가 없었다. 또한, 1아 1엽부터 1아 5엽까지의 생육기간은 첫물차에서 재배온도가 높은 안쪽은 중간 및 바 깥쪽보다는 3-17일 정도 빠르다. 반면에, 두물차 및 세물차에서 재배온도에 의한 생육기간의 차이 는 없었다. 첫물차는 두물차 및 세물차보다 재배 온도(안쪽, 중간 및 바깥쪽)에 의한 아미노산 및 테아닌 함량 차이는 크다. 카테킨 함량은 두물차 > 세물차 > 첫물차 순으로 높고, 온도구배터널 내 재배온도 차이에 의한 EGCG 및 ECG 함량은 품종에 따라 약간 차이가 있었다. 온도구배터널 내 평균 대기온도가 20∼22.0℃보다 낮은 시기(첫 물차)에서는 발아 및 생육시기, 아미노산 및 테아 닌 함량은 재배온도에 따라 차이가 크지만, 평균 대기온도가 20∼22.0℃ 이상 시기(두물차 및 세물 차)에서는 생육시기, 아미노산 및 테아닌 함량 차 이는 없었다. 이상의 결과로 찻잎의 발아시기, 생 육시기, 아미노산 및 카테킨 함량은 대기 온도 20.0∼22.0℃ 보다 낮으면 차이가 크고 높으면 차 이는 낮다고 생각된다.

The growth time and quality of tea leaf was differed temperature during development and growth for tea plants. The study was to compare growth time, amino acid, theanine and catechin contents by difference of cultivation temperature during development and growth for Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Kemsull; and ‘Yabukita’ from the first harvesting season to the third harvesting season in the temperature gradient tunnel system(TGTS). The sprouting time and growth time of tea leaf in the inner region was earlier compared with the middle and the outer regions at the first harvest season and it was not differed by cultivation temperature at the second and third harvesting seasons in the TGTS. The growth and development period (from 1 bud 1 leaf to 1 bud 5 leaves) at the inner region was earlier from 3 to 17 days compared to the middle and outer regions at the first harvesting season. However, there was no difference of cultivation temperature at the second and third harvesting seasons. Also, the difference of the amino acid and theanine contents was greater by cultivation temperature (inner, middle and outer regions) at the first harvesting season than the second and third harvesting seasons. The catechin content was higher than the second harvesting seasons > the third harvesting season > the first harvesting season, and there was few difference between (-)-epigallocatechin–3- gallate(EGCG) and (-) epicatechin-3- gallate(ECG) contents in cultivars and cultivation temperature in the TGTS. The growth and development time, amino acid and theanine contents were very different at the low time about 20∼22℃ (the first harvesting season) of means cultivation temperature compared with above about 20∼22℃ of means cultivation temperature (the second and third harvesting seasons). Therefore, growth and development time, amino acid and theanine contents for tea leaf may be affected by below and above 20∼22℃ of means cultivation temperature.

본 연구는 제주지역 노지재배에 적합한 오일용 올리브 품종을 선발하기 위하여 2020-2021년까지 11품종에 대하여 농업기술원 노지포장에서 개화 특성, 과실특성, 수량, 오일 함량 등을 검토하였 다. 꽃눈 출현은 4월 상순-5월 상순, 만개기는 5 월 중·하순, 과실 비대기는 6월 하순-10월 중순 이었고, 과실 착색 시작은 9월 하순-10월 상순이 며, ‘코로네키’ 품종이 가장 늦었다. 과실 횡경은 ‘만자니로’ 품종이 17.3mm로 가장 컸고, ‘코로네 키’ 품종이 10.0mm로 가장 작았다. 착과 특성은 전년 발생한 봄 및 여름가지에서 주로 착과되고, 낙과는 전기낙과(5월 하순-6월 하순), 후기낙과(8 월 하순-수확기) 2회 발생하였다. 새순은 년 4회 발생하였고, 봄순 4월, 여름순 6월-7월 2회, 가을 순 8월-9월 발생하였으며, 착과에 영향을 주는 가을순은 품종에 따라 차이가 있었다. 2년 평균 수량은 1,000g/주 내외 품종은 ‘코로네키’, ‘루카’, ‘프란토이오’, ‘버달레’이고, ‘코로네키’가 11,700g/ 주으로 가장 많았다. 과실 기준 오일함량 10% 이 상 품종은 ‘루카’, ‘프란토이오’, ‘버달레’, ‘코로네 키’이었고, 품종별로는 ‘코로네키’가 12.2%-12.4% 로 가장 많았다. 수량 및 오일함량 기준 제주 노 지재배에 적합한 오일용 올리브 품종은 ‘코로네 키’, ‘루카’, ‘프란토이오’, ‘버달레’ 순이었다.

This study was conducted to examine flowering characteristics, fruit characteristics, yield, oil content, etc. of 11 olive varieties from 2020∼2021 in order to select olive varieties for oil suitable for field cultivation in Jeju. Flower buds emergence was from early April to early May, full bloom was from mid/late May, fruit enlargement was from late June to mid-October, and fruit coloring started from late September to early October. 'Koroneiki' variety was the most slowest. In terms of fruit width, the 'Manzanillo' variety was the largest at 17.3 mm and the 'Koroneiki' variety was the smallest at 10.0 mm. Fruiting occurred mainly in the spring and summer branches of the previous year, and fruit drop occurred twice a year in early fruit drop(late May to late June) and late fruit drop(late August to harvest). As a result of the investigation on the characteristics of new shoots, it occurred 4 times a year, occurred once in April in spring, twice in June to July in summer, and once in August to September in autumn. The varieties with an average yield of 1,000g/tree for two years were ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Luca’, ‘Frantoio’, and ‘Verdale’, and the ‘Koroneiki’ was the most at 11,700g/tree. Varieties with an oil content of 10% or more based on fruit were 'Luca', 'Frantoio', 'Verdale', and 'Koroneiki', and the ‘Koroneiki’ variety had the most with 12.2 to 12.4%. Based on yield and oil content, 'Koroneiki', 'Luca', 'Frantoio', and 'Verdale' were investigated as the types of olives suitable for field cultivation in Jeju.

사료 작물로 알려진 아열대작물인 케나프는 다 른 삭물에 비해 이산화탄소 흡수량이 많아서 탄 소 저감 작물로도 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 케나프의 재배 환경 적지인 제주도 서 귀포 내에서 5군데의 지역(대정읍, 예래동, 천지 동, 송산동, 남원읍)을 선정하여 케나프를 재배하 여 생육 조사를 수행하였다. 또한 시험 재배지별 케나프의 유기원소 함량 및 이산화탄소 고정량을 조사아였다. 시험 재배지에서 케나프의 생육(높 이, 무게, 밑둥둘레)이 가장 좋았던 지역은 예래 동이었다. 유기원소(질소, 탄소, 수소) 함유량은 남원읍에서 재배한 케나프가 다른 지역보다 높게 나타났다. 생육조사와 유기원소 결과를 바탕으로 케나프 시험 재배지별 이산화탄소 고정량을 조사 한 결과, 예래동에서 10a당 3,780 kg로 가장 높았 다. 종합하면 케나프의 생육 및 이산화탄소 흡수 효율은 재배지별 주변환경 및 토양환경에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

Kenaf, a subtropical crop known as a forage crop, is also known as a carbon-reducing crop because it absorbs more carbon dioxide than other crops. In this study, kenaf growth was investigated by selecting five regions (Daejeong-eup, Yerae-dong, Cheonji-dong, Songsan-dong, and Namwon-eup) within Seogwipo, Jeju Island, which is a suitable growing environment for kenaf in Korea. In addition, the organic element content and carbon dioxide fixed amount of kenaf were investigated for each test plantation. The region with the best growth (height, weight, and girth) of Kenaf was Yerae-dong. The organic element (nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen) content was found to be higher in kenaf grown in Namwon-eup than in other regions. Based on the results of the growth survey and organic elements, the fixed amount of carbon dioxide was calculated for each kenaf test plantation. Compared with other regions, Yerae-dong was the highest at 3,780 kg per 10a. Taken together, it was confirmed that the growth and carbon dioxide absorption efficiency of kenaf affects the surrounding environment and soil environment for each cultivation region.

폭우나 강풍으로 인해 부후된 가로수가 쓰러지 면 사람을 위협할 수 있으므로, 피해를 방지하기 위해 가로수 조사가 필요할 수 있다. 본 연구에 서는 제주도의 가로수 중 총 155그루를 조사하여 부패 부위의 미생물을 분리하고 동정하였다. 부패된 조직에서 총 19속의 진균이 동정되었으며 그 중 늙은암갈색구멍버섯, 풍선불로초, 아까시흰 구멍버섯, 구름송편버섯이 분리되었다. 특히, 아 까시흰구멍버섯은 일년 내내 활엽수 지제부 부근 에서 수평으로 자라는 백색부후 병원성 균류로 서, 이 균에 감염된 나무는 내부가 부패되어 가 로수로서 위험하니 각별한 관리가 필요하다.

Collapsing of decayed street trees by heavy rain or strong winds may threaten the safety of the people on street. In order to prevent the damage by falling street trees, survey of decayed street trees may be necessary. In this study, total of 155 street trees in Jeju were determined, whether they are infected by plant pathogen causing the decay. From the decayed tissues of the trees total 19 fungi were obtained. Among them, Fuscoporia senex, Ganoderma gibbosum, Vanderbylia fraxinea and Trametes versicolor were isolated. Especially, Vanderbylia fraxinea is one of the most dangerous mushroom, which is a white pathogenic fungus growing in a broadleaf tree for a year long.

본 연구에서는 하수도법 제33조에서 제한하고 있는 고형물 회수율의 현실적 검토와 배출되는 오수가 공공하수처리장에 미치는 영향을 간접적 으로 알아보고자 수행하였다. 0.8 mm, 0.5 mm 홀 크기의 차이는 회수율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않 았지만 표준시료 약 5 kg을 0.5 mm의 홀 크기로 고액분리한 회수율은 55.74±5.96%로 유의미한 결 과를 도출하였다. 씽크맘 장치에서 고액분리 후, 배출되는 오수의 농도는 기존 음폐수와 비교할 때 매우 저농도이며, 배출 오수 입자는 매우 미 세하여 공공하수처리장의 부하 및 배관 막힘에 대한 영향은 매우 미미할 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to indirectly examine the effects of discharged sewage on public sewage treatment plants and a realistic review of the solids recovery rate, which is restricted in Article 33 of the Sewerage Act. The difference between the 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm hole sizes did not have a significant effect on the recovery rate, but the recovery rate of about 5 kg of standard sample was separated into a 0.5 mm hole size was 55.74±5.96%, which was significant. After solid-liquid separation in the Thinkmom device, the concentration of the discharged sewage was very low compared to the existing food waste water, and the discharged sewage particles were very fine, so it is thought that the impact on the load and clogging of the pipes at the public sewage treatment plant will be very insignificant.