Earticle

This study was carried out to obtain basic information for establishing the spray program of Unaspis yanonensis, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Pseudaulacaspis prunicola under global warming. The phenology was predicted with 2015 weather and 30 yr average temperatures (1981 to 2010) by using previously published forecasting models of each pest, and compared in peak dates. The 1st peak date of the 1st generation crawlers of U. yanonensis advanced 12 d in 2015 compared to that of 30 yr in Jeju city, while 8 d in Seogwipo city. In the 2nd generation, the 1st peak date occurred 7 d earlier in Jeju city than that of 30 yr, but there was no different in Seogwipo city. The 1st peak of 1st generation occurred 1 d earlier in Seogwipo than in Jeju city, while the 1st peak of 2nd generation was 2 d earlier in Jeju than in Seowipo city. The phenology of S. dorsalis advanced 20 d in the 1st generation peak in Jeju city compared to that of 30 yr, while 9 d in Seogwipo city. From the 3rd generation and there after, the peak dates were approximately 10 d earlier compared to 30 yr in Jeju, but 2 d earlier in Seogwipo city. Also, the peak dates occurred 2-3 d earlier in Jeju than in Seogwipo city. The hatched nymphs (crawlers) of 1st generation of P. prunicola advanced 14 d in 2015 compared to that of 30 yr in Jeju city, while 10 d in Seogwipo city. Judging from the present results, the change of pest phenology may be so much to disrupts existing the empirical spray program that forecasting-based spray program is required in the future.

A cDNA clone encoding zeta-carotene desaturase (Zds) has been isolated from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa-wase) fruits through PCR. Zds plays key a role in carotenoid biosynthesis in fruits. Zds cDNA is 1713 base pairs which has an open reading frame containing 570 amino acids. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed high similarities to other citrus species. To analyze the physiological function of Zds, we have been inducing transgenic tomato plants.

We have selected one line showing rough and bumpy skin than wild type of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa-wase). We have investigated through microscopic observation at young stage fruits of the mutnat. level of cell or tissue. We didn’t observe any differences at the cell level between mutant and control under light microscope..

The study was conducted to collect basic data for the development of various products using powder prepared from leaves of Aloe vera. Anthraquinones content was evaluated for leaf developmental stages, leaf parts and tissues, cutting direction and washing water temperature, and dry period. Anthraquinones content was increased in longer leaves than younger leaves when mixture-extracted without separating rind (outer tissue) and gel. Anthraquinones content with the different parts of leaf was not different in leaf rind, but was decreased in leaf gel as getting from top into base part. Anthraquinones content was declined in leaf segments transversely cut and washed than in those longitudinally cut and washed and was not different regardless of washing water temperature. Also, dry period at room temperature did not affect anthraquinones content for 7 days after harvesting and first-washing. The results indicate that leaf developmental stages, leaf parts and tissues, and cutting direction might be major factors affecting anthraquinones content in manufacture process of aloe powder.

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the important diseases in many countries. In the previous study, four rhizobacterial strains were selected which were shown disease suppression after its pre-treatment on the citrus leaves following inoculation with Xcc. In order to illustrate the mechanism mediated by these selected rhizobacterial strains, the citrus leaves pre-treated with the selected strains was investigated after inoculation with Xcc. The number of Xcc from the rhizobacterial strains pre-treated leaves was effectively reduced compared to that of untreated control one, indicating the direct suppression by the selected rhizobacterial strains on the citrus leaf surface. From the scanning electron microscopical images, it revealed that the number of total bacterial cells on the leaves pre-treated with the rhizobacterial strains was reduced compared to those on the untreated leaves. Based on these results, it was suggested that citrus canker could be suppressed by the rhizobacteria which might cause direct anti-bacterial activity on the surface of citrus leaves.