Earticle

Late blight is one of the destructive diseases causing yield loss in not only seed potato but also field potato production. For supplying virus free tubers, most seed potato is produced by tissue culture, in which application of commercial pesticides is limited. However, there are only a few bio-fungicides effective against late blight in tissue culture. In our previous study, a bacterial isolate TRK2-2 was selected as a resistance inducing agent by a greenhouse experiment. In this study it was investigated that the antagonistic effect of the bacterial isolate TRK2-2 against plant pathogens and the efficacy of the bacterial isolate against late blight in tissue culture after its pre-or post inoculation. Also, the bacterial isolate was identified by analysis of rDNA in the intergenic spacer region.

The influence of Mg treatment on the growth and mineral elements of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) 'Justice’, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), 'Paragon', creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds), 'Penn-A1' and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) 'Nassou' were investigated in the greenhouse from the 2nd of October to the 4th of December in 2006. The minimum temperature was 13.5±1.4℃ and the maximum one was 30.7±1.6℃ during the period of the experiment. The Mg treatment ranged from 0 me/L to 8me/L in solution. Tall fescue 'Justic' showed the longest shoot length at Mg 2me/L, and had the highest number of tillers at Mg 1me/L and 2me/L, but there was no difference between treatments, It showed the best fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot at Mg 2me/L, but there was no difference between treatments. It showed the longest root length at Mg 1me/L, and had the best fresh weight and dry weight of the root at Mg 4me/L, and there was difference between treatment. Perennial ryegrass 'Paragon' showed the longest shoot length and had the highest number of tiller at Mg 2me/L. It showed the best fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot at Mg 4me/L, and there was difference between treatments. It showed the longest root length at 2me/L and had the best fresh weight and dry weight of the root at Mg 4me/L and the was difference between treatment. Kentucky bluegrass 'Nassou' showed the longest shoot length at Mg 4me/L, but there was no difference between treatments. It showed the highest number of tiller at Mg 2me/L, and had the best fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot at Mg 4me/L, and there was difference between treatment. It showed the longest root length at Mg 4me/L, and had the best fresh weight and dry weight of the root at Mg 2me/L, and the root length was difference between treatment. In the case of creeping bentgrass 'Penn-A1', it showed the longest shoot length at Mg 4me/L, and had the highest number of tillers at Mg 2me/L, It showed the best fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot and the root at Mg 4me/L, and there was differece between treatments. Aa application rate of Mg concentration higher, the content of mineral Mg within shoot increased, while the content of Ca within shoot decreased, and there was difference between treatments. The concentration of Mg treatment had no effect on the content of mineral N, P, K, Fe, Mn within shoot.

The growth of two lettuce were investigated under four different planting distances (15×10, 15×15, 15×20, and 15×25cm) in a plant factory system. Under lighting conditions of 12h/day, the temperature was kept in the range of 20-2 5℃. The CO2 concentration and relative humidity were 600-900 μmol∙mol-1 and 65-75%, respectively. For all planting distances, number of leaves was not significantly different. Shoot fresh and dry weights per plant of two lettuce were not significantly different, however, shoot fresh and dry weights per area decreased with increasing planting distances. Based on the results, we suggest a planting distance of 15×10 cm for maximal growth and yield of two lettuce cultivar in a plant factory.

기존 보고된 뿌리응애(Rhizoglyphus robini ) 온 도발육자료를 이용하여 온도발육 관련 매개변수 값을 추정하고 개체군 동태 추정에 필요한 행렬 모형을 작성하였다. 뿌리응애 발육영점온도는 알 10.7℃, 유충 13.5℃, 제 1약충 9.7℃, 제 3약충 12.0℃ 이었으며, 발육완료에 필요한 적산온도는 각각 60.0, 43.6, 50.5, 40.2일도(DD)로 추정되었다. 뿌리응애 각 발육단계별 비선형 발육모형을 수립 하였으며 또한 산란모형 작성에 필요한 온도별 총산란수 모형, 연령별 누적산란율모형, 연령별 생존율 모형의 매개변수 값을 각각 추정하였다. 뿌리응애 연령군을 알, 유충, 제 1약충, 제 3약충, 성충 등 5단계로 구분하여 행렬모형을 작성하였 다. 전환행렬의 구성요소인 다음 발육단계로 전이 확률 또는 잔존확률은 각 발육단계의 발육률 함 수를 이용하였다. 또한 성충의 산란계수는 해당온 도에서 성충수명 완료율과 총산란수의 곱으로 추 정하였다. 수립된 행렬모형을 25℃ 조건에서 초기 밀도 성충 30, 성비 0.5, 환경수용능력(K) 300 하 에서 시뮬레이션 한 결과 약 30일 이후부터 각 발육단계의 밀도가 진동하면서 평형에 도달하였 다. 본 연구에서 추정한 온도발육 매개변수는 향 후 뿌리응애의 개체군 모형 작성에 유용할 것을 기대되었다.

Temperature-related parameters of bulb mite (data from Rhizoglyphus robini ) were estimated, and a stage-structured matrix model was developed. The lower threshold temperatures were estimated as 10.7℃ for eggs, 13.5℃ for larvae, 9.7℃ for protonymphs, and 12.0℃ for tritonymphs, with thermal constants of 60.0, 43.6, 50.5 and 40.2 degree days, respectively. Non-linear development models of each stage of bulb mite were established. Also, temperature-dependent total fecundity model, age-specific oviposition rate model, and age-specific survival rate model were developed for the construction of an oviposition model for bulb mite. The age class of bulb mite was categorized into five stages to construct a matrix model: eggs, larvae, protonymphs, tritonymphs and adults. For the elements in the projection matrix, transition probabilities from an age class to the next age class or the probabilities of remaining in the age class were obtained from development rate function of each stage (age classes). Also, the fecundity coefficients of adult population were expressed as the products of adult longevity completion rate (1/longevity) by temperature-dependent total fecundity. The matrix model was simulated at 25℃ with an initial influx of 10 adults, carrying capacity K=300 and sex ratio = 0.5, and showed a typical oscillating population dynamic with approaching a equilibrium density after 30d. Consequently, the temperaturedependent parameters estimated in this study should be useful to construct a population model of Rhizoglyphus spp. in the future.

In order to survey the competitive dominant and antifungal effect of Solanum viarum(Dunal), In this study species diversity change for belt-transect method in patch of S. viarum and allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts on S. viarum were investigated. Number of species and species diversity for close to patch of S. viarum was decreased gradually 1site(7.7±2.0, 1.5±0.2), 2site(5.3±1.2, 1.2±0.2) and 3site(4.0±1.7, 0.9±0.1). Generally, antifungal activity was appeared by increased the concentration of the aqueous extracts from S. viarum but it differed from species of microbes and treatment of aqueous extracts. The total phenolic compounds on region of S. viarum was gradually increased in stems(fresh 0.56±0.02mg/g, dry 1.58±0.08mg/g), roots(fresh 1.77± 0.07mg/g, dry 2.64±0.06 mg/g), leaves(fresh 6.01±0.14mg/g, dry 7.04±0.29 mg/g), seeds(fresh 6.21±0.17 mg/g, dry 9.08±0.73mg/g). Total phenolic compounds of soil in survey area was increased gradually 1site(0.16± 0.01mg/g), 2site(0.17±0.01 mg/g) and 3site(0.22±0.02mg/g). The negative correlation on germination and on growth of receptor plants were shown by total phenolic compounds on region of S. viarum. And the number of species and species diversity(r=-0.692, P＜0.05) were negative correlated with increased total phenolic compounds of soil in the survey area. Therefore, it suggested that S. viarum may hold a dominant position by phenolic compounds and have allelopathic effects in ecosystem of Jeju Island.

본 연구는 조릿대 분말을 육제품에 첨가하여 4 ℃에서 45일간 저장하면서 육제품의 품질특성과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대조구는 일반적인 육제품 제조방식으로 제조하 였으며, TRT0.5은 조릿대 분말 수준을 0.5%로, TRT1.0는 1.0%, TRT2.0는 2.0% 수준으로 첨가 하여 pH, 색도, TBARS, 조직감, 총 미생물수 변 화를 분석하였다. 시료의 pH는 소시지 제조 직후부터 저장 10일 까지는 큰 변화가 없지만, 저장 13일부터 대조구 에서 급격히 pH가 감소하기 시작했으며, 저장 30 일까지 대조구가 처리구에 비해서 낮은 pH를 보 였으나(P < 0.1), 처리구 간에는 큰 차이가 나타 나지 않았다. CIE L* 값은 대조구에서 가장 높게 나타났으 며, 조릿대 분말을 2% 첨가한 처리구(TRT2.0)에 서 가장 낮았다(P < 0.001). 또한 조릿대 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 낮은 CIE L*을 나타내었 다. CIE a* 값의 경우도 CIE L* 측정 값과 비슷 한 경향을 보이고 있어, 대조구가 가장 높은 값 을, TRT2.0가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. CIE b*의 경우는 대조구와 처리구 간에서만 차이가 나타나고(P < 0.01), 조릿대 첨가구 간에는 차이 를 보이지 않았으며, 저장 기간이 경과 할수록 증 가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 시료의 조직감 측정에 서는 경도와 검성이 조릿대 분말을 첨가한 처리 구에서 대조구보다 향상되는 경향을 보였으며(P < 0.01), 이는 조릿대 분말의 첨가량을 늘릴수록 증가하였다. 조릿대 분말 첨가구의 첨가량이 늘어 날수록 높은 TBARS 수치를 보였으며 저장 1일 차부터 저장 45일까지의 상승폭을 보면 대조구 및 조릿대 분말 첨가구 모두 비슷하거나 조릿대 분말 첨가구가 미세하게 낮은 상승폭을 가지고 있어서 조릿대 첨가로 인한 항산화 효과는 미미 한 것으로 판단된다. 시료의 총 미생물수 변화는 소시지 제조 후 저장 10일부터 보였으며 저장 23 일부터 급격히 증가하기 시작했다. 대조구는 조릿 대 분말 첨가구에 비해 많은 양의 총 미생물이 검출되었고, 조릿대 분말 첨가 수준에 따라서는 저장 17일 이후로는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 실험결과, 조릿대 분말을 육제품에 첨가하였 을 때 저장기간에 따라 TBARS와 미생물수의 증 가 폭이 대조구와 큰 차이가 없어 조릿대 분말만 으로는 항산화 기능성을 기대하기 힘드나, 경도와 검성의 조직감 항목에서 조릿대 분말을 첨가할수 록 향상되는 경향이 나타나 조릿대 분말 첨가가 물리적으로 소시지 품질 향상에 기여하는 것으로 판단된다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Sasa borealis powder (0.5%, 1%, 2%) on the quality traits of emulsified sausage. The pH, color, textural properties, TBARS, sensory evaluation, total aerobic count were evaluated. Four treatment were prepared : CTL (Control), TRT0.5 (added 0.5% Sasa borealis powder), TRT1.0 (added 1.0% Sasa borealis powder), TRT2.0 (added 2.0% Sasa borealis powder). The pH value of meat product containing Sasa borealis powder were higher as compared to control during 45 days of storage (P < 00.1). CIE L* and CIE a* value of meat product containing Sasa borealis powder were significantly lower as compared to control, but the CIE b* values were significantly higher in the meat product containing Sasa borealis powder (P < 0.001). The TBARS of meat product containing Sasa borealis powder were significantly higher than those of control at 45 days of storage. The hardness of meat product containing Sasa borealis powder were significantly higher as compared to control (P < 0.01). Gumminess and chewiness is quite similar to hardness (P < 0.01). The TRT0.5, TRT1.0, and TRT2.0 were evaluated significantly higher for texture in sensory characteristics (P < 0.01). Therefore, it can be seen that the Sasa borealis powder enhances the physical texture of the emulsified sausage.

식물 보전을 위한 기초 자료를 확보하고자 제 주도와 추자도 내에 속하는 55개의 무인도서에서 자생하는 관속식물상의 분포를 조사하였다. 본 조 사에서 확인된 전체 관속식물은 91과의 316분류 군으로 나타났고, 이중 새섬이 112분류군으로 가 장 많은 종 수가 출현하였다. 추자군도의 무인도 에서만 관찰된 식물종은 눈향나무, 꿩의비름 등 41분류군이었고, 제주도 인근 무인도에서만 관찰 되는 식물종은 반쪽고사리, 층층고랭이 등 125분 류군이었다. 섬의 규모가 작아서 식물상이 전무한 곳이 납덕이 등 6개 섬이었으며, 검둥여, 절명이 등 7곳의 섬에서는 5종 미만으로 매우 빈약한 식 물상을 보였다. 분포지역이 가장 넓은 목본식물의 경우 교목으로는 곰솔이, 관목은 사철나무, 우묵 사스래피나무, 돈나무 등의 차례로 가장 넓은 분 포를 보였다. 초본식물로는 밀사초, 참억새, 갯강 아지풀, 계요등, 갯까치수영 등의 순이었으며, 관 찰빈도가 가장 많은 식물은 다년생 초본식물인 밀사초와 참억새로 확인된다. 가장 많은 출현빈도 를 보인 분류군은 국화과로 34분류군으로 가장 많았으며, 벼과, 콩과, 백합과 순으로 나타났다.

In order to preserve the data of plants, tracheophytes were surveyed on 55 uninhabited islets surrounding Jeju and Chuja Island. A total number of 316 species in 91 families of tracheophytes were found in this study. Among these islets, the most number of species were found in the Saeseom in which 112 species were detected. Total 41 species including Juniperus chinensis and Hylotelephium erythrostictum were observed only in the islets near Chujado whereas total 125 species including Pteris dispar and Cladium chinensis were observed only on the islets near Jejudo. There were no flora in the 6 islets including Napdeogi due to its small size and less than 5 species were found in the 7 islets including Geomdungyeo and Jeolmyeongi. Pinus thunbergii had the widest distribution in xylophyte followed by Euonymus japonica, Eurya emarginata and Pittosporum tobira in shrub. For herb, Carex boottiana, Miscanthus sinensis, Setaria viridis, Paederia scandens and Lysimachia mauritiana were dominant species in order of number. Carex boottiana and Miscanthus sinensis which are perennial herbs were the most observed species from among them. The most dominant family was Asteraceae containing 34 species followed by Poaceae, Leguminosae and Liliaceae.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of soybean processing in Jeju. The specific economic analysis methods are internal rate of return (IRR), net present value(NPV), and sensitivity analysis. According to the analysis results, NPV of legumes such as bean sprouts, tofu processing business was 3,897,000,000 won, and internal rate of return (IRR) was 47.2%. There, economic feasibility of the soybean processing was very high.

Citrus is very important fruit crop in Korea. We need to develop new Citrus cultivar to overcome internationally competition due to Korea-USA FTA. We have induced citrus mutation by gamma ray of 60Co since 2005. We have focused on the phenotypical characteristics containing higher sweetness and lower acidity in the mutants. Four years from 2009 to 2012, we compared the results of the investigation. In the fruits of mutant branch, ratio of sweetness/acidity was higher than control plant. This results occurred by the increment of sweetness in mutant, but the acidity was similar to control. The fruit weight and size of mutant fruit were bigger than those of control. The selected branch would be grafted onto stem of mature plant or of young citrus plant.