Earticle

Purpose: This study aims to examine the pain, muscle characteristic, Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon to the hamstring flexibility. Methods: This study has as its subjects 105 Chronic Low Back Pain patients and divides them into the group (HHF n=52) with the normal length of hamstrings according to AKE test and the group (HLF, n=53) tending to have shortened hamstrings. AKE (active knee extension) Test was conducted to evaluate the degree of hamstring flexibility. And to examine the pain, muscle characteristic, Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon it was compared and analyzed by using the VAS, myotonePRO, SEMG Results: HHF showed more significant difference than HLF in the analysis on the muscle characteristic (p<.05). Conclusion: According to the analysis, the shortening of hamstrings is the factor that affects the muscle characteristic but Chronic pain, Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon not affects

Purpose: This study is to compare and analyze changes in body composition and changes in muscle tone of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, quadriceps and hamstrings at rest after 10 weeks of weight training to improve muscle hypertrophy and muscular endurance. Methods: Twenty participants who were randomly assigned to group that performed weight training for muscle hypertrophy and group that performed circuit weight training for muscular endurance. Weight training groups were performed three times a week for 10 weeks with 60 minutes a day. For muscle hypertrophy weight training, performed 8 to 10 repetitions of one event in with an intensity of 80% 1 repetition maximum (RM), and 60 seconds of rest between events and repeat 3 sets, the rest period between sets was 3 minutes. For muscular endurance circuit weight training, performed 30 to 40 repetitions of one event in with an intensity of 40% 1 RM, and 30 seconds of rest between events and repeat 3 sets, the rest period between sets was 1 minute. Results: First, weight training to improve muscle hypertrophy and muscular endurance for 10 weeks increased muscle tone in both groups. The biceps brachii and quadriceps muscles increased more in the hypertrophic weight training group, and in the muscular endurance circuit weight training group, the triceps brachii and hamstring muscles were more increased. Second, waist to hip ratio showed a significant decrease in both groups, especially in the circuit weight training group for improving muscular endurance. Although lean body mass increased in both groups, there was no significant difference between groups, and body mass index did not show any difference between groups. Conclusion: Muscle hypertrophy and muscular endurance weight training increased lean body mass and muscle tone, and in the increase in muscle tone in both groups is thought to have a significant relationship with physical strength mechanisms such as muscle strength following an increase in lean body mass.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out more efficient exercises to improve range of motion and muscle strength when performed thera band exercise and flossing band exercise for ankle instability Methods: The subjects of this study were twenty students at G University. They were divided into thera band group (n=10), flossing band group (n=10). Each group performed the respective exercises three times per week for 6 weeks and underwent measurements during range of motion and muscle strength. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. An independent t test was used to determine the statistical differences between the groups, and a paired t-test was used to determine statistical differences within the groups. Statistical significance was determined at α=.05. Results: The results of this study are as follows; theraband group was a statistical increase in dorsi flexion (p<.05), inversion (p<.05), eversion (p<.01), flossing band group was a statistical increase only in dorsi flexion (p<.01), plantar flexion (p<.05). In terms of muscle strength, there was a statistically significant increase in both the thera band exercise group, but there was no statistically significant increase in muscle strength in the flossing band exercise group. However, there was a no significant differences between both groups. Conclusion: It can be considered that exercise using the thera band is more effective to improve joint range of motion and muscle strength when clinically intervening rehabilitation exercises for people with ankle instability.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of dynamic or static stretching applied to the ankle on the balance ability to effectively guide exercise within a limited time of treatment in clinical practice. Methods: Twenty healthy adults aged 23.32±2.23 were divided randomly into two groups. Control group performed static stretching three times for 30 seconds and the experimental group performed dynamic strethcing three times. Balance ability was measured before and after the intervention in each group and the results were anlayzed using paired and independent t-test. Results: As a result, there was no significant differences between static and dynamic stretching in both groups. However, there was a margianl signifcantly changes in balance ability within dynamic strethcing group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that future studies with longer intervention period and lager sample size will be needed to provide more accurate and objective evidences, considering that a margnial significant changes was found in the dynamic stretching group.

Purpose: With the development of sports science, some major sports have made significant progress over the past few years by introducing big data analysis technology. Whereas, fitness sports events that are closer to the general public, such as weight training, are slow to use big data analysis techniques to increase the accuracy and precision of exercise methods. This study aimed to review the current big data analysis technology and discuss sports scientific application methods that can be used in the fitness field. Methods: A total of 10 articles related to big data published within the last ten years in sports science and medical fields were reviewed, and key contents were summarized to suggest a future fitness exercise case using big data and sports scientific research methodology. Results: The successful use of big data analysis in the sports field requires core technologies, including data collection ans storage, analysis algorithm accuracy, user experience-based interface, network protocols and security etc. As a result of reviewing all articles, an integrated platform was derived that technically provides a function of coaching and notifying accurate posture in 3D model simulation while capturing trainee's posture and movements in real time during fitness exercise, and in terms of research methodology, it was confirmed that the integrated big data platform needs to be verified through randomized controlled studies on bodybuilding performance, health fitness level, quality of life, and user satisfaction etc. Conclusion: Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that advanced industries and services can be expected by using big data analysis technology in fitness sports in the future, and technical and clinical verification should be actively conducted academically.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences and correlations between application of manual therapy to different body parts according to sex in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, over the period of 3 years. Methods: The body parts were divided into pain regions (cervical, shoulder, elbow, wrist, lumbar, hip, knee, and ankle) of residents and office workers in the Chuncheon-si area. Data on the pain area were recorded from October 2019 to December 2020 at the neurosurgeon’s clinic and from January to December 2021 at the orthopedic surgeon’s office in Gangwon-do for 27 months and tabulated using an Excel format by the Chuncheon-si local council. Results: Cervical and lumbar were the most common pain areas where manual therapy was applied (>78%). Manual therapy was most frequently performed on Friday. Further, women received manual therapy more often than men. There were significant differences in pain between the wrist and knee regions (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results provide promising clinical evidence that musculoskeletal pain significantly differs based on sex and body parts.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for a educational curriculum to train as professional healthecare instructors by investigating satisfaction of student, enrolled in sports rehabilitation and adapted physcial education department of the university in conjunction with educational goals Methods: This study conducted a survey of 64 students enrolled in the university in Gyeonggi-do. All participants consisted of 14 first graders (21.9%), 16 second graders (25%), 19 third graders (29.7%), and 15 fourth graders (23.4%). The survey was conducted using a Likert 5-point questionnaire, consisted of 12 questions related to “satisfaction with major curriculum”, 2 questions related to “connection and achievement with university competencies”, and 4 questions related to “career preparation and curriculum improvement”. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, wordcloud was used in the analysis. Results: As a result, they generally satisfied with the current major curriculum, but the demand for field-friendly curriculum was relatively high, and it was also found that there was a high demand for curriculum related to certificate acquisition. Conclusion: In conclusion, university students enrolled in the department of sports rehabilitation or adapted physical education had high demands for field-friendly learning, curriculum related to certificate acquisition, and advices to broaden the insight into their careers. Therefore, it is expected to use these results for improving the curriculum of sports rehabilitation and adapted physical education departments in the future.

Purpose: To date, many previous studies on core muscle training have demonstrated its effectiveness on motor performance. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of abdominal core training on balance ability and pulmonary function for smokers. Methods: Eight healthy males (age: 24.75±6.60), smoking for more than three years participated in this study. Balance ability and pulmonary function were measured before and after 4-week intervention period and compared. The intervention was conducted twice a week during a total of 4 weeks Results: There was only significant change in expiratory minute ventilation (VE, P<.001), while balance ability and other pulmonary tests (expiratory and inspiratory vital capacities, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory minute ventilation and tidal volume) did not showed significant changes. Conclusion: Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that abdominal core training had a preferential effect on respiratory function over balance ability, and in particular, a preferential change was found in exhalation rather than inhalation. Therefore, it was concluded that abdominal core training would be useful in patients with pulmonary disease.

Purpose: This study were investigated the effect of robot-assisted arm therapy on the arm function, gait and lung capacity in stroke patients. Methods: The study participants were selected 20 stroke patients who met the selection criteria. 10 people in the robot-assisted arm therapy group and 10 people in the task-oriented arm therapy group were randomly assigned. The experimental group performed robot-assisted arm therapy and the control group performed task-oriented arm therapy for 6 weeks, 5 days a week, 30 minutes a day. The measurement tools included Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity(FMA-UE) and gait analysis system and spirometry. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the paired sample t-test. Results: The results of comparing Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE) before and after the intervention within the group, both the experimental group and the control group were a significant difference in upper extremity item score and Fugl-Meyer assessment total score (p<.01), as a result of comparing Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE) after intervention between the groups, the experimental group were a significant difference only in the upper extremity item score compared to the control group (p<.05). When comparing the gait before and after intervention within the group, both the experimental group and the control group were a significant differences in temporo-spatial variables and 10 m walking (p<.001). When comparing the gait after intervention between the groups, the experimental group were a significant differences in temporo-spatial variables and 10 m walking compared to the control group (p<.05). When comparing the lung capacity before and after the intervention between the groups, the experimental group were a significant difference only in peak expiratory flow (PEF) (p<.05). Conclusion: Through this study it were confirmed that robot-assisted arm therapy applied to stroke patients for 6 weeks significantly improved function of the arm, gait and lung capacity. Based on these results, it is thought that robot-assisted arm therapy can be used as a useful treatment in clinical practice to improve the kinematic variables in chronic stroke patients.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect on the lower extremity muscle activity of soccer player having chronic ankle instability by mediating neuromuscular training combining transcranial direct current stimulation. Method: Thirty college soccer players were selected as the participants of study, and divided into a neuromuscular training group combining transcranial direct current stimulation (Experimental group) and a general neuromuscular training group (Control group), and 15 participants randomly assigned. The participants of this study additionally intervented neuromuscular training combining transcranial direct current stimulation and general neuromuscular training to each group for 30 minutes five times a week for eight weeks after receiving general soccer training. The attached to active C3, C4, CZ. Lower extremity muscle activity was analyzed before the intervention. Tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus were measured by maximum voluntary isometric contraction in the in the bare-handed muscle strength test posture in order to analyze the lower extremity muscle activity. Above outcomes were equally remeasured and in intergroup analysis was conducted after eight weeks of intervention. Result: The neuromuscular training group combining transcranial direct current stimulation (Experimental group) showed a statistically significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity compared to the general neuromuscular training group (Control group) as a result of comparing and analyzing the lower extremity muscle activity between two groups(p<.05). Conclusion: It was found that the neuromuscular training combining transcranial direct current stimulation is more effective in improving lower extremity muscle activity as a result of above. The basic data on the possibility of using tDCS in the filed of soccer player sports rehabilitation could be provided based on this study.