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This study is being trained for five years. Korea national team Fencing Players Retrospective surveillance study. Fencing players to the diagnosis of sports injuries that occur each event that occurs frequently in areas with a lot of damage to sport, To evaluate the frequency and characteristics etc. The incidence and the average risk of sports injuries due to competitions and training of athletes during training and research to Compare each event, and To evaluate the characteristics of sports injuries are also common in each event recurrence. Occurrence is related to the appeal and sporting activities in the players who participated in the competition and internal / external training during the training period. Musculoskeletal symptoms and signs of all acute / chronic that requires the attention of medical personnel was defined as sports injuries. injury location, and injury Grade (Grade I = 1-3 treatment days, Grade II = 4-7 treatment days, and Grade III = > 8 treatment days) were extracted and assessed. Injury location was then set to the regions used by the IOC during the London Summer Olympic Games, and then subdivided into the Head and Neck, Upper extremity, Trunk, and Lower extremity. Sports injuries were classified for a frequency analysis of the collected data by using the SPSS v12. The chi-squared test was used to test for significance when making multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set to p< 0.05. There were a total of 849 injuries recorded during January 2010 till December 2014. Almost half of these injuries 478(56.3%) were Grade I injuries. Followed by the Grade II 202(23.8%), and Grade III 169 (19.9%). Fencing players the injury rate was 2.97 injuries / 1000 hours of training per athlete at the center. Injuries are Lower extremity (45.3%) > Trunk (24.4%) > Upper extremity (23.9%) > and Head and Neck (6.4%) in order. The most common sites of injuries are Lumbar Spine/Lower Back, Ankle, Thigh, and Knee. This study was performed to investigate the dynamics of a relatively unpopular sport of Fencing, non-professional sports event. These findings are considered to be able to be helpful in providing useful information to make a specific detection software in various fields for future sports injury.

The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of various methods of normalization electromyograms (EMGs) and categorize according to the magnitude and form of muscle contraction. We searched Scopus and Pubmed database for articles that published last 15 years, using following combinations of the key words: normalization method, EMGs and reliability. To compare the reliability, we chose the articles that analyzed the intra/inter class correlation coefficient (ICC) value such as test-retest, within-days and between-days each methods. Five normalization methods were identified and presented their reliability, benefit and limitation for providing the guidelines. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) can be a reliable method for within-days to healthy subjects but not to patients and the elderly. Submaximal voluntary isometric contraction (Sub-VIC) showed the good reliability both of within days and between days than MVIC. However, both of MVIC and Sub-VIC may be affected by internal effects such as muscle fatigue, the presence of synergist contribution, motivation, and pathologic conditions. Reference voluntary contraction (RVC) showed moderate reliable method for patients who are unable to produce the maximal voluntary contraction and repeated tests. Isokinetic MVC showed less reliability than other normalization methods. Mean and peak dynamic method (MDM and PMD) reduce the inter-subject variability than other normalization methods. However, it does not directly reflect the ability of maximal voluntary contraction of target muscle. When designing the clinical research by using EMGs, we must consider the characteristics of subjects, tasks and target muscles for improving the reliability and validity. In addition, it is necessary to develop the new normalization method which complements the limitation of traditional methods.

Non-invasive method for myofascial pain syndrome is continuously studied for around 60 years. The non-invasive method is recognized as a useful method in clinical field because of the lower risk of side effect compared to anesthetic injection and medication. Since the studies on the treatment of the myofascial pain have been still unconcluded, the development of treatment tools and techniques is necessary. A recent study reported that multimodal therapy combining the self-treatment would be helpful for the myofascial pain with sub-acute or chronic pain. It means that the development of the self-treatment is required in further clinical studies on the myofascial pain. In this brief report, based on the mechanism of trigger point formation, we recommend and support using an inflatable compression therapy ball in an initial stage of the self-treatment for the patients with myofascial pain instead of hard compression treatment tools.

This research 2014 February 3 to 23 aimed at national athletes participating in the Sochi Winter Olympic Games, status for the application of the physical treatment according to sports injuries by gender, sports and painful area to learn the association in accordance with the epidemiology, and research about the type and frequency of physical therapy. Epidemiological survey of 71 players are treated players with 40, Women athletes than male athletes were a lot of physical therapy in 72.8%, Each event in speed skating (27.2%), alpine skiing (24.1%), short track (22.1%) was the order. Physical therapy application rate is 86.7% was higher than taping application rate (13.2%), in physical therapy area is the calf (23.54%), thigh (23.3%), lumbar (14.59%) was found in part, taping was found to knee (35%), shoulder (12.37%), ankle (11.34%). Given the above results the use of explosive muscle sports and risks are many sports was found that the more physical therapy. Injuries site in the Winter Olympics athletes focused on lower extrimity including calves and thighs. So it is necessary to establish the injury prevention manager for lower extremity. Based on the physical therapy epidemiology for the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and then develop a plan for the physiotherapy management of Pyeongchang Olympics, The expected utilization made as a basis for the injury prevention program of winter sports athletes.

This research demonstrated the effect on the MVF (Maximal Voluntary Force) and MVIC (Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction) of forearm when cutaneous sense is removed. We measured maximum pressing force of each four finger (index, middle, ring and little) with electromyography of flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator teres and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) before and after local anesthesia in each four finger tips. As a result of removing the cutaneous sense input, the outcomes showed that the MVF were decreased and MVIC was phenomenally decreased in ECR. We considered that the decrease of ECR activation seems the main reason of decreased MVF. Therefore, the cutaneous sense should play an important role to induce the MVF. Also, since the ECR would function as the synergist in this experience, transmitting signal through cutaneous sense might relate with changes of synergist activation.

Intermanual transfer means that training of one limb promote ability of other limb. The purpose of the study was to analyze that the direction of the intermanual transfer, whether difficulty of task affect or not and correlation between feedforward and the intermanual transfer through control of finger force by visuomotor information. 15 participants participated in this study and they were divided into 2 groups; right hand first and left hand first. The participants performed three types of task controlling pressing force: a feedforward task pressing suddenly until 5N, a straight task holding 5N and a curve task following sine curve. Participants showed that the intermanual transfer occurred only in the straight task which performed task of relatively low difficulty. In the straight task, the intermanual transfer occurred in not one way but two-way direction. In the feedback task, the intermanual transfer occured unlike that of in the feedforward task.

To supplement the problem of subjective performance assessments, a number of objective biomechanical outcomes like kinetic and kinematic variables of each joint have been developed and utilized in sports physical therapy field. Based on the biomechanical outcomes, the organization of the difference elements among body segments, namely motor coordination, has been quantified and assessed as one of physical ability. However, since the interpretation of primitive biomechanical outcomes is also inadequate to identify the motor coordination, more specific analyses are still required. In motor control filed, some analyses for the motor coordination have been studied and developed such as vector coding technique, autocorrelation and cross-correlation, total-local covariance analysis, uncontrolled manifold analysis, principle component analysis, independent component analysis, and non-negative matrix factorization. These analyses are conceptually introduced in this study. Because some analyses have precautions on its application, careful understanding is necessary when sports physical therapists assess the motor coordination. The application of the motor coordination assessment would be helpful to set treatment strategies in the sports physical therapy.