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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the curriculum of the Department of Sports Rehabilitation in Korea and the curriculum frame established by the British Association of Sport Rehabilitators and Trainers (BASRaT). Methods: Based on department names in the University Admissions Information Portal operated by the Korea Council for University Education, sports rehabilitation and related departments were selected as research subjects. By analyzing the keywords of the subject titles, the educational direction was determined. Then, subjects were classified according to the BASRaT 2020 educational framework. Results: A total of 1,498 subjects were collected from 35 departments, and it was determined that the direction of education on exercise and sports. From the educational frame perspective of BASRaT, the Department of Sports Rehabilitation in Korea showed a 77% satisfaction rate for the curriculum, and exercise/rehabilitation principles accounted for the highest portion at 25%. The most vulnerable areas were anatomy, sports massage, and evidence-based treatment, which accounted for 2% of the entire curriculum. Conclusions: This study revealed that Korea's Department of Sports Rehabilitation aligns with the BASRaT's educational framework. However, there's a notable deficiency in medical knowledge and evidence-based thinking. Despite UK-Korea differences, adapting the BASRaT guidelines can greatly benefit the future of Korea's sports rehabilitation.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how manual resistance (MR) and elastic band (EB) resistance affect the muscle activity of the tensor fascia latae (TFL), gluteus medius (Gmed), and gluteus maximus (Gmax) during clam exercise. Methods: The study included 15 men in their 20s. The muscle activity of the Gmed, Gmax, and TLF was measured during clam exercise using an electromyography device. The clam exercise was randomly performed using three methods (MR method, EB method, and no resistance method). Statistical verification was performed using the repeated measures analysis of variance method. Results: The muscle activities of the Gmed and Gmax significantly increased during the MR method compared to in the other methods; furthermore, a significant increase was also observed during the use of EB compared to no resistance (p<.001). The Gmed/TFL and Gmax/TFL ratios were significantly higher during the MR method compared to the other methods (p<.001). Conclusion: Based on our research results, we suggest that providing MR during the clam exercise can more effectively increase the Gmed and Gmax muscle activity compared to the EB method.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the dynamic balance ability and whole body muscle function of field hockey players. Methods: The subjects consisted of 12 university soccer players and eight field hockey players. The anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions dynamic balance ability of both feet for the two groups were determined using the Y-balance test kit. Each hand-push, each hand-pull, upper body-push, upper body-pull, trunk rotation, lower body-push, and lower body-pull were measured for the two groups, using the smart muscle testing device. Results: For the Y-balance test, soccer players scored significantly higher than field hockey players for left-posterolateral (p=0.024). Whole-body muscle function measures showed that field hockey players scored significantly higher than soccer players for the right hand-push (p=0.002) and left hand-push (p=0.035). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that soccer players frequently shoot and dribble with their left leg as a stepping foot, and the dynamic balance ability of the left-posterolateral is dominant due to the activation of the tibialis anterior muscle used in the stepping foot. In addition, in the case of field hockey, due to the use of a hockey stick, , the muscle strength of the right hand-push and left hand-push is dominant due to the adaptation of the muscles to the pushing force of the upper body, which is mainly used in movements such as dribbling, passing, and shooting.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle Kinesio taping application on dynamic balance ability and functional performance. Methods: The subjects consisted of 16 university students aged 20-24 years participating in regular sports activities. The y-balance test (YBT) was performed before and after taping to measure the dynamic balance ability. The static balance ability was measured with a one leg standing test. The functional performance test (FPT) consisted of the figure-of-eight hop test, side hop test, 6-meter cross over hop test, and square hop test. Results: The results of this study revealed a statistical significance in YBT of the left leg posterolateral (p=0.011) and one leg standing test (p=0.001). FPT showed significant improvement in figure-of-eight hop, side hop, 6-meter cross over hop, and square hop tests for both right and left legs (p<0.05). The correlation analysis between each measurement variable showed that YBT of the right leg anterior was positively correlated with figure-of-eight hop right leg (r=0.625, p<0.01) and square hop of the right leg (r=0.627, p<0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, ankle Kinesio taping application may provide stability to the left ankle, as it improved the YBT of the left leg posterolateral of dynamic balance ability. In addition, YBT of the right leg anterior showed 62.5% and 62.7% explanatory power for the figure-of-eight hop and square hop tests in FPT, respectively. This suggests that the stability of the right support foot may help with forward functional performance.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (RNPQ-K) Methods: The English version of RNPQ was translated into Korean using standard translation guidelines. Survey data were collected from 314 physical therapists working in Korea through a social networking service. Item analysis, internal consistency, reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the RNPQ-K were evaluated. Results: The RNPQ-K was composed of 12 items. No floor and ceiling effects were observed in physical therapists. The internal consistency had a Cronbach’s α-coefficient of 0.64. The content validity score was more than 0.93 and the exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity testing generated three factors. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the RNPQ-K can be applied to Korean users to assess and quantify pain knowledge. It is hoped that this tool can be used in physiotherapy research related to pain interventions or as a measure to verify the effectiveness of pain reconceptualization in patients.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect between foam rollers, massage guns, and fascial distortion model (FDM) technique for neck pain(NP). Methods: The study included 30 subjects with neck pain who were randomly assigned to three groups: foam roller group (10), massage gun group (10), and FDM group (10). All subjects were assessed for cervical range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) and upper trapezius tone. Each subject received the intervention twice a week for three weeks. Significant differences were revealed by a repeated measurement one-way analysis of variance. Results: There was no significant difference between the three groups according to the intervention. The foam roller group showed a significant difference in ROM and VAS between pre-intervention and three weeks (p<0.05). The massage gun group showed a significant increase in ROM between pre-intervention and three weeks (p<0.05). The FDM group showed an significant difference in ROM, VAS score, and muscle tone in all weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study results showed that a foam roller, massage gun, and the fascial distortion model (FDM) technique are effective in improving cervical ROM, pain and upper trapezius muscle tone in subjects with NP. The FDM technique is recommended over foam rollers or massage guns for short-term treatment.

Purpose: This study focuses on intervention of the sling exercise combined with transcranial direct current stimulation to examine its effect on trunk muscle activity and game performance ability of soccer players. Methods: The study included 30 college soccer players and divided them into a sling exercise group (Group Ⅰ), which combines transcranial direct current stimulation, and a general sling exercise group (Group Ⅱ). Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to each group. After receiving general soccer training, the subjects participated in a sling exercise combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (Group Ⅰ), and a general sling exercise (Group Ⅱ) for 30 min twice a week for eight weeks. Prior to intervention, the trunk muscle activity of the body (erector spinae, rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal muscle) and the ability to perform the game (30 m sprint test and t-test) were analyzed. Eight weeks after the intervention, the above items were equally re-measured and an inter-group analysis was implemented. Results: As a result of a comparative analysis of trunk muscle activity and game performance ability between the groups, the sling exercise group (Group Ⅰ), which combined transcranial direct current stimulation, represented a statistically significant difference in trunk muscle activity and game performance ability compared to the general sling exercise group (Group Ⅱ). Conclusion: We discovered that the sling exercise, which combines transcranial direct current stimulation, is effective in improving body muscle activity and game performance ability. The use of transcranial direct current stimulation will activate muscles and improve exercise ability, which can be applied in training in various ways.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of kinesio taping with foot correction exercise on foot pressure and foot posture index of subjects with pronated feet. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were randomly divided into a kinesio taping with foot exercise group (Experimental group, n=15) and a sham kinesio taping with foot exercise group (Control group, n=15). In the experimental group, foot correction exercise with kinesio taping was performed for six weeks. The control group performed the same method but with sham kinesio taping. All participants performed kinesio taping with foot correction exercises training for 30 min/day, three times/week for six weeks, for a total of 18 times. The foot pressure was evaluated using a free step. Foot shape was evaluated using the foot posture index. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in foot pressure and foot posture index. The Experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in foot pressure after six weeks compared to the control group. In addition, the Experimental group showed significantly greater improvement in foot posture index after six weeks compared to the control group. Conclusion: Kinesio taping with foot correction exercise training is effective in improving the foot pressure and foot posture index of subjects with pronated feet.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether there are changes in the muscle thickness of the Transversus abdominis, Internal oblique, and External oblique muscles by applying the abdominal drawing-in while maintaining hip joint adduction using ultrasound. Methods: Thirty healthy adult men and women in their 20s located in J City were selected for the study. The participants performed the bridge posture while maintaining hip joint adduction, with the knee joint bending angle was set to 90° and 120°, and the abdominal drawing-in applied. The exercises were performed three times a week for a total of four weeks, and after applying exercise, the thickness of the Transversus abdominis, Internal oblique, and External oblique muscles were measured using ultrasound. After applying the exercise, the paired t-test was used to compare the effects of individual exercise training, and the independent t-test was used to compare the differences of each group. Results: The significance level was set at α<0.05. As a result of the study, the muscle thickness of the Internal oblique significantly increased during the 90˚ flexion of the knee joint (p>.05). Internal and External oblique muscle thickness significantly increased during the 120˚ flexion of the knee joint (p>.05). Conclusion: When the knee joint angle is 90° and 120°, with the bridge exercise in place, and the abdominal drawing-in applied, back pain can be prevented by selectively activating the Internal oblique External oblique muscles.

Purpose: The aging population is contributing to the increasing prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. According to the 2020 National Survey of the Elderly, the prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly is 84.0%, with musculoskeletal disorders – arthritis, low back pain, and sciatica – ranking among the top five chronic diseases. The primary complaint of individuals with chronic musculoskeletal conditions is pain, and the spine is the most common site of pain. Chronic low back pain is a major cause of functional limitations related to the performance of activities of daily living in older adults, affecting not only physical function but also psychological aspects. These problems ultimately lead to a decreased quality of life and increased societal costs. Therefore, there is a need for effective and accessible methods to manage chronic low back pain at home on a regular basis. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of applying a traction and vibration device to the body of elderly people with chronic low back pain to determine the multifaceted effects of the device. Methods: Twenty-one subjects aged 65 years or older with chronic low back pain applied an interbody traction-vibration device for approximately 10 minutes twice a week for four weeks. Outcome measures included pain intensity (VAS), muscle biomechanical properties (Myoton PRO), quality of life (EQ-5D), level of functional disability (ODI), stress (uBioMacpa), and device safety and satisfaction (semi-structured questionnaire). Results: Significant improvements in pain intensity (p<0.01), muscle stiffness (p<0.05), functional disability level (p<0.05), and stress (p<0.05) were observed at pre- and post-test after the intervention, but no significant changes were observed in quality of life and muscle tone and elasticity. More than 80% of the subjects were satisfied with the interbody traction and vibration device, and no other adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This study confirmed the multifaceted effects of interbody traction and vibration on pain intensity, muscle biomechanical properties, quality of life, level of functional disability, and stress in older adults with chronic low back pain, as well as the safety and high level of satisfaction with the device.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of home-visiting physical therapy, after applying a stabilization exercise program that can easily be performed at home by professionals to chronic stroke patients and analyzing balance ability, daily life movements, and pulmonary function. Methods: A sample of 30 patients diagnosed with hemiparesis due to stroke was assigned to two groups: a group that received on-site physical therapy (group I) and a group that received on-site physical therapy combined with trunk stabilization exercise (group II). After the intervention twice a week for eight weeks, the balance ability, daily life movements, and pulmonary function of the subjects were measured. A paired-sample t-test was performed to determine differences before and after intervention within the groups, and analysis of covariance was performed to determine differences between the groups. Results: After the intervention, the Berg balance test score, MBI score, and lung function increased in both groups, with a statistically significant pre-post difference (p<.05). In the comparison between groups, the Berg balance test score, MBI score, and lung function increased more significantly in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ, showing a statistically significant difference (p<.05). Conclusion: It was found that an intervention combining home-visiting physical therapy and trunk stabilization exercises increases more efficiently the balance ability, ability to perform activities of daily living, and pulmonary function in stroke patients at home.

Purpose: The rolling pattern is a crucial part of human development and movement, utilized in assessing movement development in children and evaluating the physical abilities of adults. This pattern is essential for enhancing various joint movements and balance, serving as a significant performance element for athletes such as unilateral sports athletes. It can be a vital tool for injury prevention and identifying functional impairments, even among athletes. Methods: The rolling test helps differentiate localized and overall functional limitations. To conduct an accurate evaluation, it requires flexibility, core stability, controlled movement, and adequate limb/trunk range. It assesses thoracic/lumbar rotation, core control, and limb rotation. Prior to the test, examinations such as thoracic rotation, pelvic rotation, and pelvic tilt are necessary. Moreover, the rolling test should be evaluated in conjunction with selective functional movement assessment (TPI medical2). Before intervening in rolling issues, they're broadly divided into Mobility Dysfunction (MD) and Stability Motor Control Dysfunction (SMCD). A 3-step process called 3R (Reset, Reinforce, Retrain) is used for resolution, enhanced through corrective exercises. These exercises apply two feedback types: Facilitate, easing movement difficulty, and Challenge, engaging other body parts for core posture adjustments. Results: A 15-year experienced, right-handed professional golfer in his 20s, standing at 188 cm and weighing 90 kg, addressed his asymmetry issues. After the evaluation, corrective exercises for pelvic tilting, rotation, and rolling were conducted, resulting in an improvement in clubhead speed from 106 mph to 110 mph. This led to enhancements in upper and lower body rolling and improvements in thoracic and pelvic examinations. These outcomes suggest an improvement in the participant's swing mechanics. Conclusion: Athletes may suffer imbalances and injuries due to biased movements and rotations. Unilateral sports athletes, in particular, are prone to spinal injuries as a result of these issues. Symmetry is crucial for healthy functionality, and the rolling pattern aids in restoring this symmetry. Additionally, evaluating symmetry between the upper and lower body, as well as left-right balance, is crucial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise would improve cervical alignment and mechanical properties of cervical muscles in patients with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty patients with forward head posture were recruited and were randomly divided into three groups: cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise group (n=10, group Ⅰ), passive stretching group (n=10, group Ⅱ) and control group (n=10, group Ⅲ). After receiving conventional physical therapy, each group additionally received cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise and passive stretching for 30min, three days per week for four weeks. Their muscle tone (㎐), stiffness (㎐) and craniovertebral angle (°) were analyzed before the intervention. After four weeks of intervention, the above items were re-measured and an intergroup analysis was performed. Results: The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle tone and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the suboccipital, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ. Furthermore, statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in the suboccipital muscles with a greater change in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Furthermore, greater changes in the upper trapezius muscles were observed in group Ⅰ than in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Sternocleidomastoid muscle changes were greater group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle stiffness and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the muscles in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, upper trapezius muscles in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and sternocleidomastoid muscles in group Ⅰ. Moreover, statistically significant intergroup differences in the suboccipital muscles with a greater change in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ; upper trapezius muscles with greater changes in group Ⅰ than in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and sternocleidomastoid muscles with a greater change in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, were observed. The comparison and analyses of the changes in the craniovertebral angle and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup changes in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and statistically significant intergroup differences with greater changes in group Ⅰ than in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Conclusion: Cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise may be suggested as an effective intervention method for functional recovery of patients in the forward head posture.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of barefoot walking on balance abilities. Significant enhancements were observed in dynamic foot pressure and the Y balance test, indicating improved balance abilities. Methods: A total of 25 young adults participated in performing dynamic foot pressure and Y balance tests before and after barefoot walking. Barefoot walking was performed for each participant at a comfortable pace for a duration of 20 minutes. Results: As a result, after performing 20 minutes of barefoot walking, there were significant improvements in anteroposterior variability (p=0.023) in dynamic foot pressure indicators. Additionally, the composite results of the Y balance test showed significant improvements for both the right and left sides (p<.001). Conclusion: The direct stimulation of the ground and intrinsic foot muscles through barefoot walking, coupled with aerobic exercise, has a notable impact on balance. Future studies are necessary to explore the sustainability of these immediate effects over the long term and compare the effectiveness with regular walking, ideally incorporating control groups.