Earticle

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of smart health-care technology across the world and propose a model of the industry-university cooperation and healthcare methods with a study design to prove future values. Methods: Literature review was performed after classification of themes, including global trends of health-care paradigm and smart health-care technology. Then, based on the in-depth review, a realizable future plan of health-care programe with a sutdy design was deduced. Results: As a result, this study proposed three stages to introduce health-care program, able to be conducted by universtiy independently. The first stage was to propel the industry-university cooperation under the supervision of the department of health college in university. Then, secondly, individual roles of organizations, participating in the cooperation should be set as well as a smart health-care program, using research equipments that university possess. Lastly, pilot operation should be preceded, then the user scale should be enlarged progressively. Conclusion: In conclusion, after completing above-mentioned three stages, a cost benefit study, proposed additionally in this study, will support future values of the newly proposed health-care program in terms of a individuals and community.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on static and dynamic balance after an exercise intervention, combining single-leg jump training with various directions squat training. Methods: Training groups was randomly divided into two groups. the experimental group performed the combining exercise while the control group performed only sigle-leg jump training. Both groups perforemd exercise a total of 3 sets, 20 times per set with each leg 3 times a week during 4 weeks. As for a single jumping training exercise program of this study, jumping in place (step 1) during week 1, jumping left and right (step 2) during week 2, and diagonal jumping (step 3) during weeks 3 and 4 were performed. Especially as for the experimental group, single-leg jumping training and single-leg squat training were performed in parallel. Results: The results were as follows. First, in the experimental group, there was an improvement in Modified clinical test sensory interaction balance (mCTSIB) test and Unilateral stance (US) test (p<.05). Second, the experimental group had better balance in the Rhythmic Weight Shift (RWS) test and the Limits of stability (LOS) test than the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: In clinical practice, combining single-leg jumping with single-leg squats in various directions can be expected to improve not only left/right balance ability but also forward/backward balance for patients with impaired balance ability. Also, it will be helpful when training is performed, changing the performance speed.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of repetitive hold-relax exercise on frequency, stiffness and decrement in forward head posture syndrome. Methods: The study was conducted on 16 males and females in their 20s with a head and spine angle of 49 degrees or less. Subjects conducted repetitive hold-relaxation exercise once a day for 30 minutes, 3 times a week, during a total of 4 weeks to compare pre-post effects of the exercise. Results: There was a significant decrease in muscle properites between pre- and post- repetitive hold-relax exercise, including tension(F) and stiffness(S), and a significant increase in decrement(D) was observed (P<.05). Conclusion: It was found that the intervention applying the hold-relaxation exercise improved in muscle properties in patients with the forward head posture. In the future, it is necessary to select a wide range of age groups and a large number of subjects to identify aging effects of exercise on muscles.

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effects of visual feedback based eccentric pulley training (EPT) on muscle strength, pressure pain threshold, and chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups; 18 subjects in the visual feedback-based EPT (VF-EPT) group, 18 subjects in the EPT group and 18 subjects in the eccentric training (ET) group. All groups conducted 30 minutes of training per session, and the training was performed 3 times a week during 4 weeks. For muscle strength evaluation, all subjects were assessed for the muscle strength of trunk rotation, squat & trunk rotation, single-leg deadlift, seated lat pull down motion. For pain evaluation, Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) was measured. Results: Results showed statistically significant changes in muscle strength in all groups (p<0.05), however, no significant difference was observed between groups. PPT was statistically significant in all groups (p<0.05) and differences were observed between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that visual feedback training can be effective in improving muscle strength and pain control in patients with CLBP.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the cardiopulmonary endurance, the energy metabolism and of breathing function in male smoker and nonsmoker in college after graded load exercise using lower cycle ergometer and respiratory measurement device. Methods: For 38 smoker male college students and nonsmoker male college students, an graded load exercise was performed with the use of lower cycle ergometer by increasing 20 watts every 2 minute using ERS 2.0 system and respiratory measurement device for the cardiopulmonary function, energy metabolism and breathing function. Results: Smoker group showed significant differences in maximum oxygen intake, ventilation per minute, and heart rate in cardiopulmonary endurance, and significant differences in body metabolic rate, maximum energy consumption, and anaerobic threshold in energy metabolism. For respiratory function, there was a difference between inhalation pressure and inhalation speed while there was no difference in respiratory function Conclusion: The results showed that smoking negatively would affect aerobic fitness factors including cardiopulmonary endurance and energy metabolism and long-term smoking is expected to aggravate functional factors in male smoking students in the future.

Purpose: Low back pain, a common musculoskeletal disorder, is impacted by shortening of the hamstring. Lumbar stabilization exercises are frequently used to treat low back pain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of hip abduction angle on medial and lateral hamstring muscle activity during bridge exercise and pelvic posterior tilting exercise. Methods: Thirty-six individuals with herniated intervertebral disk (HIVD) participated in this study. All subjects performed the bridge exercise and pelvic posterior tilting exercise for twelve seconds. While the participants maintained these exercise positions, hamstring muscle activation was measured for each leg. Specifically, dynamic surface electromyography was utilized to compare muscle activity for the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscle groups in both affected and non-affected hamstrings. An independent t-test was used to identify the impact of exercise type or symptom presentation on hamstring muscle activity. The data was analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0 (SPSS Inc, USA). Results: Overall, our results indicated that there was no significant difference in hamstring muscle activation as a consequence of exercise type (p>0.05). This result was observed regardless of the hip joint abduction angle (0° and 30°). However, when participants conducted the bridge exercise while in the hip joint 0° abduction position, muscle activation of both the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus was significantly lower on the affected side than that on the non-affected side (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, performing bridge exercise and pelvic posterior tilting exercises with abducted hip joints may be helpful in the balanced development of the hamstring.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect on the pulmonary function of stroke patient by mediating respiratory resistance training combines transcranial direct current stimulation. Methods: 30 stroke patients were selected as the subjects of study, and divided them randomly into a respiratory resistance training group combining with transcranial direct current stimulation (Experiment group) and general respiratory resistance training group (Control group). All subjects of this study were provided general neurologic physical therapy for 30 minutes, and then additionally provided each respiratory resistance training with transcranial direct current stimulation and general respiratory resistance training according to group, 5 times a week for 30 minutes for totally 8 weeks. Pulmonary function was analyzed before the intervention. The strength index, peak inspiratory flow and 6-minute walking test were measured in order to analyze the breathing function. The analysis between the groups was performed by re-measuring above items equally after 8 weeks of intervention. Results: Respiratory resistance training group with transcranial direct current stimulation (Experiment group) has statistically meaningful difference in pulmonary function compared to the general respiratory resistance training group (Control group) based on the comparative analysis of strength index, peak inspiratory flow and 6-minute walking test between two groups. Conclusion: As a result of above, it was found that respiratory resistance training with transcranial direct current stimulation was more effective for pulmonary function. This training shall be proposed as an effective program not only for the stroke patients but also for normal people or pro-athletes based on this study. Future studies on muscle changes related to pulmonary function are necessary in the future based on this study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect on the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris according to the change in the unstable support surface position during plank exercise in the prone position. Methods: For 16 healthy males in their 20s enrolled at J College, the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and quadriceps femoris was measured and compared according to the unstable position change during core muscle strengthening exercise through plank exercise. Results: Independent t-test was performed to compare the differences between the two groups to find out whether there was a significant difference in the muscle activity of each muscle. The significance level was set to 0.05 to verify statistical significance. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus was increased. However, there was no difference in the significance test of gluteus maximus through analysis.

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop rehabilitation programs for patients with musculoskeletal disorders by using marine resources. Methods: Domestic and international papers from the past 20 years published between January 2000 - October 2021 were selected, and only studies that included participants with musculoskeletal disorders were considered for the investigation. In detail, the clinical question of the study was analyzed through PICO (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes) criteria. The screening of the articles was conducted by 4 researchers majoring in rehabilitation science by using the following search engines and databases: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The searched terms were “marine healing”, “marine healing resources”, “musculoskeletal”, “rehabilitation”, and “rehabilitation program”. Among the collected studies, duplicate papers and papers with unclear subject characteristics were excluded and the remaining studies were analyzed after determining suitability through a screening process. Results: A total of 17 articles were systematized, analyzed, and classified. Among the selected articles, the marine resources used were: mud (13), sea sand (3), and seawater (1). All articles were profoundly reviewed and their content was classified by the PICO format for the development of the marine programs. Conclusion: Three marine programs for patients with musculoskeletal disorders were developed based on the findings of the studied papers, with an emphasis on pain release and motor function improvement of the neck, hand, low back, and feet. These programs were designed to serve as a framework for the future management of national maritime resources.