Earticle

The purpose of this study was to analyze the published the literature of experimental study type regarding Physical therapy intervention for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. We investigated by MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE. Result show that number of published of literature of randomized controlled trial study type regarding Physical therapy intervention for CMT disease was one article. We confirmed that there was need to effort the establishment the system with systematic study and recognize the need of Physical therapy o intervention for improving of muscle strength of Dorsi-flexion and balance in the CMT disease.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between muscle power of the wrist flexor muscles and muscle strength according to grip type, such as the strength difference between a two-finger pinch grip and four-finger pinch grip. After the preliminary study, six subjects who agreed to participate in this study were recruited and the experiment was conducted. The power of the wrist flexor was measured using a digital manual muscle tester in the sitting position, and the grip strength according to the grip type was measured with a digital grip dynamometer. Spearman's nonparametric test was used to determine the correlation between wrist flexor power and grip strength of the power grip. An independent t-test was used to determine the significance level of the grip strength in the two-finger grip and four-finger grip. The significance level was set at p<.05 for all statistical tests. There was no interaction between the wrist flexor power and grip strength according to grip type (two-finger pinch grip, four-finger pinch grip, and power grip), but there was a significant difference in grip strength between the two-finger grip and four-finger grip (p<.05). The grip method that is necessary for grip strength when performing work may help to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vastus lateralis inhibition taping when using non-elastic tape with the contraction characteristics of the quadriceps muscles. The study included 37 healthy individuals in their 20s. To compare the contraction characteristics of the quadriceps muscles after applying the non-elastic tape to the vastus lateralis, muscle tension and muscle contraction times were measured using tensiomyography. There was a significant difference in muscle tension of both the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris before and after applying the non-elastic tape to the vastus lateralis muscles. There was a significant difference in the contraction characteristics of the vastus medialis muscle on the left side in male participants. Additionally, before and after applying the non-elastic tape, the vastus lateralis/vastus medialis ratio and the rectus femoris/vastus medialis ratio of muscle tension decreased significantly. The muscle contraction times of the three muscles were not affected by applying non-elastic tape to the vastus lateralis. Use of non-elastic tape reduced muscle tension of the quadriceps muscles and rectus femoris muscles, but had no effect on the muscle contraction time.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hormonal changes according to menstrual cycle on balance and mood in non-athletic female subjects. Twenty non-athletic women with regular menstrual cycles participated in this study. Balance ability was evaluated as static balance and dynamic balance. Static balance was measured using the distance and average velocity of the center of pressure (CoP). Distance indicated the path length for the duration of the trial and average velocity was the path length covered per unit of time. Dynamic balance was measured using the distance of the Y-balance test. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). All tests were conducted during a full cycle of menstruation and ovulation. During ovulation, path length and average velocity of CoP decreased significantly (p<.05). Anterior distance of the Y-balance test significantly increased during ovulation (p<.05). Posteromedial and posterolateral distances were not significantly different between the menstrual and ovulatory periods (p>.05). In terms of mood, “Anger” and the total POMS score significantly decreased during ovulation (p<.05). These results suggest that non-athletic women should be aware of the physical and psychological changes during each menstrual cycle in order to prevent the increased risk of injury.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of leg lifting on the anterior and upper trapezius muscles when scapula protraction exercise was performed in a prone bridge exercise posture, which is a common waist stabilization exercise for a subject with a winged scapula. In total, 20 normal adults and 20 subjects with a winged scapula participated in the experiment. Surface EMG recordings were collected from the upper trapezius muscle and anterior muscle during a scapula protraction exercise. The status of the scapula was measured using an electronic digital caliper for the lifted distance of the scapula medial border during a backward movement. In both groups, with both legs supporting, the dominant leg was lifted, and then the non‐dominant leg was lifted, while simultaneously, scapula protraction was performed in the prone bridge exercise posture. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) measures were used to compare muscle activity differences between the two groups with respect to leg lift differences. In addition, two‐way ANOVA was used to compare the condition of each group. To investigate the differences between the groups, the Bonferroni correction was used (significance level α = 0.017). The statistical significance level α was 0.05. The results revealed that the winged scapula group showed a significant decrease in the muscle activity ratio of the anterior and upper trapezius muscles compared to the control subjects, and the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle increased significantly. There was no significant difference in muscle activity between the anterior and upper trapezius muscles regarding differences in leg lifting. However, in the winged scapula group, there was a significant increase when the dominant leg was lifted. In addition, high muscle activity was observed in the anterior muscle of the dominant side during dominant leg lifting. In conclusion, lifting the side leg while simultaneously performing the scapula protraction exercise to strengthen the anterior muscle can be suggested as the most effective exercise for subjects with a winged scapula.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effect of LED and microcurrent therapy on gastrocnemius muscle performance and activity and fatigue in the gastrocnemius muscle during moderate aerobic exercise. This study included 20 students of G university, and the subjects were randomized into a control group (n=10) and an experimental group (n=10). Both groups walked on a treadmill for 30 minutes with a set speed of 5 km/hr with a 10% incline. Participants in the experience group used a treatment device combining LED and microcurrent therapy attached to the gastrocnemius muscle of the main shaft leg, while the control group performed the same exercise without any intervention. One-leg vertical jump and surface electromyography were performed with BTS FREE EMG 300 to measure muscle activity and muscle fatigue. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0, and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to determine the significance between the two groups. The statistical significance was determined at α = .05. There was a significant decrease in the one-leg vertical jump in the control group, whereas the experimental group showed a slight increase. There was no significant difference in gastrocnemius muscle activity between the groups; however, both groups showed an increase in muscle activity. There were significant differences between the two groups in muscle fatigue. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the test time between the pre- and post-test results between the groups; however, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test results. This treatment may improve comfort in daily life by applying this device to areas of the body that sustain a heavy workload.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of self-myofascial release therapy with a foam roller on the balance of patients with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The subjects of the study were 30 healthy adults in their 20s, divided equally into the experimental and control groups. In both groups, the subjects had artificial DOMS induced. Self-myofascial release therapy was administered to the experimental group immediately after muscle pain induction and 30 hours after induction for about 30 minutes. The changes in balance ability and pain level between the groups were then examined. BioRescue and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were used to assess balance and pain intensity. To compare the effects of self-myofascial release therapy with a foam roller on the balance of patients with DOMS, repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for both groups. The statistical significance level (a) was set as 0.05, and SPSS 19.0 software for Windows was used. A comparison of the dynamic balance between the groups during the experimental period showed a significant increase in the anterior and posterior stability limits in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In addition, the VAS score was compared and measured during the experimental period. A significant difference was observed in the experimental group, and a significant decrease was observed on the third day in the experimental group as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In this study, we found that self-myofascial release therapy using foam rollers could be effective for attaining balance and relieving pain in patients with DOMS. However, future research should provide a more detailed study of whether the therapy can be optionally applied to relax and rehabilitate shortened muscles.

This study aimed to determine the effect of unicycle exercise on the turtle neck posture in university students. The subjects of this study were university students in their 20s. The experimental group was composed of 19 subjects; and the control group, 15 subjects. The experimental group performed unicycle exercise three times per week for 8 weeks. For evaluation of the turtle neck posture, the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA) were measured. The CVA showed a significant increase over time (p ＜ .05) between the experimental and control groups (p ＜ .05), and interaction between time and group (p ＜ .05). The results showed a significant increase in CRA in the experimental group as compared with the control group (p ＜ .05). Unicycle exercise is an effective alternative method for correction of turtle neck posture.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function, body composition, and bone mineral density in male college students over a period of 8 weeks. Twenty-four male students were randomly assigned to the following groups: low intensity walking group (50~60% VO2 max, n=6); moderate intensity jogging or fast-walking group (60~70% VO2 max, n=6); high intensity running group (70~80% VO2 max, n=6); and control group (no exercise, n=6). The exercise program was conducted for 50 minutes every 3 weeks for a total of 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the factors affecting the measurement variables were analyzed and the following results were obtained. Eight weeks of exercise significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake, regardless of exercise intensity, but no changes were observed in the control group. Body mass index decreased in all exercise groups, but there was no significant difference in the control group. Body fat (%) and abdominal fat (%) significantly decreased in all exercise groups, but significantly increased in the control group. Bone mineral density showed no differences between the groups. In conclusion, an 8-week exercise program for college students showed positive effects on cardiorespiratory function and body composition, regardless of exercise intensity. Future studies should be conducted considering the various options of exercise intensity, duration, frequency, and type of exercise to improve health care and physical fitness of college students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medical exercise therapy on posture, depression, and pain modulation in patients with scoliosis. Two adolescent patients with scoliosis underwent an eight-week-long medical exercise therapy program combined with four grades of dosages, as follows: dosage 1 (1-2 weeks), dosage 2 (3-4 weeks), dosage 3 (5-6 weeks), and dosage 4 (7-8 weeks). The findings showed that the visual analog scale (VAS), Korean version of the beck depression inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ-K) scores, and Cobb’s angle are improved after medical exercise therapy. Therefore, the eight-week-long medical exercise therapy program was effective in decreasing pain, reducing depressive symptoms, and correcting posture. The presented evidence suggests that exercise has beneficial effects on not only posture correction but also on depression symptoms. In addition, it may be an effective method for treating the psychological aspects of pain.

This study aimed to confirm the effects of microcurrent stimulation applied to both gastrocnemius muscles on body temperature. The experiment was performed on 13 women wearing high heels, who had no metallic materials in their body and had no peripheral or musculoskeletal disease. The subjects were subjected to microcurrent stimulation using microcurrent stimulation equipment for 15 minutes on each muscle. The temperature of the gastrocnemius was measured pre- and post-intervention using an infrared body heat analyzer. Both gastrocnemius body temperatures showed a significant improvement after microcurrent stimulation (p<.05). Given the results of this study, microcurrent stimulation is considered to be helpful in body temperature changes, restrictively.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 6 weeks of treadmill exercise training could improve aerobic capacity, balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Eleven patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned into either the experimental group (n=6) or control group (n=5). The experimental group performed treadmill exercise training, whereas the control group participated in general walking training for 6 weeks. Aerobic capacity was assessed by using the 6 Minute Walking Test (6MWT) and single-stage submaximal treadmill walk test. Balance was measured by the BT4 force platform system, Berg Balance scale (BBS), and the timed up-and-go test (TUG). Gait was measured by a 10-m walking test (10 mWT) and Modified Dynamic Gait Index (mDGI) before and after the intervention. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze changes of all intra-group variables before and after intervention. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze changes of all inter-group variables. The experimental group improved in the 6MWT, VO2 max, K-BBS, TUG, and 10 mWT after intervention (p<0.05). The control group improved in the 6MWT, VO2 max, TUG, and 10 mWT after intervention (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significantly greater changes in the 6MWT (p<0.05), VO2 max (p<0.01), K-BBS score (p<0.01), TUG (p<0.05), and 10 mWT (p<0.05) than the control group. The result of this study suggests that treadmill exercise training can be used as an intervention to improve aerobic capacity, balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the latissmus dorsi exercise method on the muscle activity of the latissimus dorsi and posterior deltoid. During lateral pull-down exercise, the muscle activity of the latissmus dorsi and posterior deltoid in 30 healthy men were measured in accordance with the shoulder extension angle. The results showed that the muscle activity of the left posterior deltoid was not significantly different according to the shoulder extension angle. The muscle activities of the right posterior deltoid and latissmus dorsi were significantly different according to the shoulder extension angle. In our results, we identified that lateral pull-down exercise reduced shoulder joint instability and lesion occurrence in shoulder joint 0° extension.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of task performance training on upper extremity and cognitive functions in stroke patients. The participants of the study included 24 stroke patients who were-hospitalized at a rehabilitation hospital in Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do. Upper extremity and cognitive functions were assessed using the BBT and PVFT and K-TMT-e B, respectively. The tests were performed for 30 minutes three times a week over a total of four weeks. The results of the single BBT, single phonological spelling test, and Korean Version of the Trail Making Test were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, the results of the double BBT and dual phonological spelling test were higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the experimental group was more effective than the control group in the Korean Version of the Trail Making Test. The results of the single BBT improved both in the experimental and control groups according to the treatment period. A dual task training program had a positive effect on upper extremity function and resulted in cognitive function improvement in stroke patients. From the findings of this study, we propose that dual task training should be implemented in clinical settings as occupational therapy during upper extremity rehabilitation for hemiplegia.

The purpose of this six-week research study was to analyze muscle strengthening and stretching exercises for spinal correction and balance improvement in adults with scoliosis. Already growth to prove the scoliosis and the effect of the balance of in and purpose to compare the more objective information also it has put the purpose to teach the importance and necessity. Spine rotation and lateral curvature can lead to further damage and injury in the spine. Repetitive injury leads to trunk muscle weakness and prompted pain affects daily living activities. These injuries often appear in women and teenagers. First, the scoliosis angle and static balance were measured. Dynamic balance improved in all strength training and stretching exercises. Second, the scoliosis angles did not show a difference between groups. However, strength training exercises were more beneficial than stretching in the balance ability. This study measured the Cobb’s angle and balance change over the course of six weeks of strength and stretching exercises using gym balls, and obtained the following results. First, strength exercises using gym balls produced a greater change in balance compared to stretching exercises. This study shows that strength exercises using gym balls leads to a more significant difference than stretching exercises. This may be used clinically to treat scoliosis patients.