Earticle

The purpose of the study was to find out oxygen therapy after exercise and electrical therapy effects the muscle weight and force of the hindlimb of the rat with disuse atrophy by cast immobilization. The results were as follows ; 1. The group that received the exercise and oxygen therapy recovered better and faster than the group with the exercise therapy only. 2. Rats with the electrical and oxygen therapy benefited more than with the electrical therapy, except for gaining weight of the relative muscle of soleus. 3. In the weight of the gastrocnemius, the electrical and oxygen therapy was most effective, while the exercise and oxygen therapy was most beneficial for the muscle force of the gastrocnemius, the weight of the gastrocnemius's relative muscle, and the force of the relative muscle. 4. The weight and force of the soleus benefited the most from the electrical and oxygen therapy, whereas the exercise and oxygen therapy was most effective for the weight of the soleus's relative muscle and the force of relative muscle. According to the results, we found out that any therapy, either exercise therapy or electrical one, is more effective in treating disuse atrophy when it is combined with oxygen therapy. To be recognized as an independent branch of the physical therapy, there should be more comprehensive researches on oxy- gen therapy, more specifically on the ways and periods of its applications.

The purpose of this study is to strengthen a function of muscles near ankle joints and to show a method of exercising the muscles injured. The subjects were divided into 3 groups such as, AIREX group(n = 81, Air cushion group(n = 8), Posturomed group(n = 8) from healthy student in Kwangju Health college. During the training, these subjects putted their weights with recessiveness leg, and they put their arms on their chests, kept flexing their knee joints and their hip joints 90 degrees of an angle for 10 seconds. We carried out the traing 10 times a set, 3 sets a day and 5 times a week. We checked the balance ability before and after the training and compared the muscle activity with sEMG. Groups applied AIREX, Aircushion, Posturomed had differences according to the balance ability. We compared the muscle activity of muscles near ankle joints so we can be aware of that tibialis anterior was decreased at AIREX, tibialis posterior was decreased at Air cushion, peroneus longus was decreased at Posturomed. gastro- nemius's muscle activity was increased altogether at a foothold by an operation of flexion of knee joints. Doing balance training at an unstable foothold can have an effect on strenthening the muscles near ankle joints and increasing the balance ability by stimulating the proprioceptor.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Kinesio taping after generating muscle fatigue on the static and dynamic balance. The healthy 12 college students ranging 21 to 26 years were selected as subject. The equilibrium reaction of the Kinesio taping and non-taping was measured and was analyzed after exercise to generate muscle fatigue. The data were analyzed by Independent t-test. The results were as follows ; 1. It was found that the Kinesio taping overall increased the ability of the static balance after generat- ing muscle fatigue. 2. The Kinesio taping statistically significantly affected on the ability of the static balance in the right and in the rear after generating muscle fatigue, but the left static balance had no significant difference. On the contrary, the front static balance was lower in applying to the Kinesio taping than in applying to non-taping. 3. It was found that the Kinesio taping overall increased the ability of the dynamic balance after gen- erating muscle fatigue. 4. The Kinesio taping statistically significantly affected on the ability of the dynamic balance in the right and in the front after generating muscle fatigue, but the left and rear static balance had no sig- nificant difference. 5. It was found that the Kinesio taping increased the ability of the static and dynamic balance after generating muscle fatigue. However the both balance ability after generating muscle fatigue was lower than before. In consequence, the Kinesio taping applying to the lower extremity increase the ability of the static and dynamic balance after generating muscle fatigue. Therefore the Kinesio taping could help develop the ca- pacity for locomotion at all sort of sports.

This study was conducted to identify Dynamic Surface EMG activities of back muscle, gluteus maximus, hamstring muscles in 20 adult men and women who simulated leg length difference. Subjects were healthy 20 adults who have no back pain and orthopaedic problems. The measurement tools used Myotronics-Noromed MES 9000 EMG and thickness used each 2, 3, 4cm scaffold, protractor, micro- chronometer etc. Surface EMG activities were recorded during active trunk flexion(0˚, 45˚, 90˚) in stand position. Next, Surface EMG activities were recorded during active trunk flexion according to scaffold height on left leg(each 2, 3, 4cm). Analysis method enforced Two-way repeated ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1) According to increase height of left leg, Surface EMG activities of left back muscle and right gluteus maximus were increased, Surface EMG activities of right back muscle and left gluteus maximus were looked inclination that decrease generally but it was no statistical significance(p > 0.05). 2) During the trunk 45˚, 90˚ flexion, Surface EMG activities of almost all muscle were increased. Specially, Surface EMG activities of back muscles was the highest during the trunk 45˚ flexion. However, Surface EMG activities of back muscle of the trunk 90˚ flexion were lower than that trunk 45" flexion. And, Surface EMG activities of gluteus maximus were the lowest to increased leg length.

Researchers conducted a survey in order to find out how taping influences on decrease in pain of an- kle joint and R.O.M(range of motion) of twelve male soccer players at H university from November 7th to 18th in 2005, and got the following result. The average age of the subjects was 20.17±1.47. Among participants, one group of nine(75%) got tapping on their right ankle joints, and the other group of 3(25%) got tapping on their left ankle joints. For the 2 weeks experiment on the change of pain threshold. Before applying taping, a rate of pain was 11.39±4.07 and after applying it, that of pain was 6.89±4.04. Therefore, taping was effective in decreasing in pain, and, statistically, the variance had some high value. In terms of ROM, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of ankle joints increased to 16.75±2.90 after using ROM, up from 1 5.76±3.07 before using it, and statistically, the variance had some high value(p < 0.05). Moreover, two weeks later after starting the plantarflexion research, ROM before applying increased from 27.84±10.90 to 29.02±10.50 after applying it, and statistically, the variance had some high value(p < 0.05).

The purpose of this study was to observe differences in both control group and experiment group bal- ance performance. Experiment group whose navicular drop value was more than 1.0 cm in weight bearing. Control group whose navicular drop value was less than 0.5cm in weight bearing. It cause excessive pronation when dropped navicular value is more than 1.0cm in weight bearing. Excessive pronation will be effected on balance ability. Firstly, we palpated tubercle of navicular bone and measured it's height with using a ruler. Secondly, static balance(mCTSIE3, unilateral stance) and dynamic balance(LOS, rhythmic weight shift) assessed by Balance Master. The following to results : 1. There was significant correlation compared result of control group and experiment group on foam of mCTSlB test in static balance. 2. There was significant correlation compared result of control group and experiment group in some dynamic balance. They were backward end point excursion, ma excursion of LOS test and back- ward directional control of rhythmic weight shift test. Degree of dropped foot arch in weight bearing was significant effect on backward balance performance.

This study examined the effect of Treadmill Backward Walking Training on Knee Joint Muscle Strength, Thigh Circumference, Soft Lean Mass, Flexibility and Body Fat Mass. The 30 subjects were made to practice the training respectively on treadmill for 4 weeks, 3 times per week, for 20 minutes per time, at the rate of 4.2 kmls per hour. Knee Joint Muscle Strength, Thigh Circumference, Soft Lean Mass, Flexibility and Body Fat Mass were measured before and after the practice. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The muscle strength was significantly different statistically in the extensor muscle and in the flexor muscle on the left and right side respectively before and after in the group of treadmill backward walking training(p < .05). 2. The flexibility was significantly different statistically before and after in the group of treadmill back- ward walking training(p < .05) 3. The reduction of body fat mass was significantly different statistically before and after in the group of treadmill backward walking training(p< .05).

The purposes of this study were to compare the electromyographic activities and recruitment time from the rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis during maximal isometric exercise with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome patients. 24 people (12 healthy people and 12 PFPS patients) participated in the study. All participants performed isometric exercises while electromyographic activity was recorded from surface EMG. The results as followed, healthy people revealed similar shame remaining muscles excepts the rectus femoris. Vastus lateralis of PFPS patients revealed remarkable higher than other muscles. Also Vastus lateralis recruitment time of PFPS patients was recruited earlier than healthy people. Following researchs for the muscular power reinforcement of the vastus medialis oblique must be studied for treatment of the PFPS patients.