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Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive exercise (PE) using a trampoline and a balance board on a balance ability after stroke. Method：Sixteen chronic stroke patients participated. Participants were randomly assigned to the PE group or control group (8 experimental, 8 control). All of participants were in-patients at local rehabilitation centre and had been receiving a traditional rehabilitation program, five days a week. The PE group have additionally undergone for four weeks, three days a week, the PE using a trampoline and a balance board under supervision by a physical therapist but control group was not received any additional program except the traditional rehabilitation program. The position sense test used to assess a proprioceptive sense at a knee joint. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test to measure the balance ability were carried out before and after the training. Result：After the training the error of position sense at knee joint of PE group significantly decreased compared to the control group. The PE group demonstrated a significant improvement in the scores of the BBS and TUG. Conclusion：The present study suggests that the PE program using a trampoline and balance board may become a useful tool for enhancing a balance ability in chronic stroke patients through the ennced proprioceptive position senses.

Purpose：This study aimed to investigate the effect of differing ground contact conditions on the eletromyographic(EMG) activity in rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis during step-up activity in patients with hemiparesis. Methods：10 hemiparetic patients performed step-up activity on three different ground contact conditions: entire ground contact, 2/3 ground contact, 1/3 groud contact. Result：The EMG activities of gastrocnemius medialis significantly changed on 1/3 ground contact(p<.05). However, no significant changed rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior between three differing ground contact conditions (p>.05). Conclusion：This study provides that EMG activities of gastrocnemius medialis significantly changed on different ground contacts. Therefore, this method can be used to strengthen the gastrocnemius medialis.

Purpose：The purpose of present study was to determine effects of a visual feedback training on balance ability in poststroke hemiparetic subjects. Methods：Fourteen chronic stroke patients participated. Participants were randomly divided into either visual feedback training group(7 experimental group, 7 control group). All of participated were inpatients at local rehabilitation center and had been receiving a traditional rehabilitation program, five days a week. Exprimental group have additionally undergone for four weeks, three days a week, the visual feedback training but control group was not received any additional program except the traditional rehabilitation program. The Berg Balance Scale(BBS), the FICSIT-4, the MTD-balance system to measure a balance ability were carried out twice before and after training. Results：After participation in the program, subjects of visual feedback training demonstrated a significant improvement in the scores of the BBS, the FICSIT-4, the MTD-Balance system. The control group had no change on the any tests. After the training, the result to improve significantly in visual feedback training group compared to post-test of control group were the score of BBS and the FICSIT-4 and the MTD-Balance system. Conclusions：The present study suggests that the visual feedback training program may become a useful strategy for enhancing balance ability in the rehabilitation of stroke patiens.

Purpose：The purpose of study was to determine effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss ball exercise and Swiss ball exercise on balance in the 40 students from H university. Method：There were two experimental conditions. There were two difference groups in the experimental conditions, which had to perform different exercise tasks: Swiss ball exercise group (n=20) and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercise with Swiss ball exercise group(n=20). The experimental group received Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercise for 20minutes and Swiss Ball exercise for 40minutes, 3 times a week for 4weeks. While another experimental group received Swiss Ball exercise for 40minutes, 3 times a week for 4weeks. In order to evaluation effects of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss Ball exercise and Swiss Ball exercise in the two different experimental group, subjects was measured by static balance. Statistical analysis was the paired t-test to compare the differences within groups and the SPSS to analyze the differences between groups. Results：The result of this study were as follows: The static balance was higher for the two different experimental group in post-exercise than in pre-exercise(P<0.5). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss Ball exercise experimental group was significant difference better then another experimental group(P<0.5). Conclusion：The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation pattern exercise with Swiss Ball exercise can result in improved static balance better then Swiss Ball exercise.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance level of functional independence of the stroke patient. Methods: In order to find out the functional independence of stroke patient, 160 peoples, 80 peoples in a large city and 80 peoples in small-to-medium sized city, were questioned. Result：The results of this study were as follows: 1. Functional independence level due to social factor; The comparison of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in educational level, religion, family member, vocation, and medical fees(P<.05). However, the two groups did not show significant difference in spouse. 2. Functional independence level due to environment factor; The comparison of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in place of residence and residental environment(P<.05). However, each group did not show significant difference. Conclusion：These results suggest that realization of stable housing, educational level, various physical activities, and diversified family members is essential. Also, stable environment and social satisfaction are needed to maintain and improve the health of patient.

Purpose：The purpose of present study was to determine effects of a task-oriented circuit training(TOCT) for lower limb on walking ability after stroke. Methods：Twenty one chronic stroke patients participated. Participants were randomly divided into either TOCT group or control group(11 experimental, 10 control). All of participants were in-patients at local rehabilitation centre and had been receiving a traditional rehabilitation program, five days a week. TOCT group have additionally undergone for four weeks, three days a week, the TOCT program but control group was not received any additional program except the traditional rehabilitation program. The 10 m walking test (10MWT), the 2 min walking test (2MWT), the step test (ST) and the figure-8 walking test (F8WT) to measure a walking ability were carried out twice before and after training. Results：After participation in the program, subjects of TOCT demonstrated a significant improvement in the scores of the 10MWT, 2MWT, the ST, the F8WT. The control group had no change on the any tests. After the training, the results to improve significantly in TOCT group compared to post-test of control group were the time of 10MWT and the time and the step of curved walking of F8WT. Conclusion：The present study suggests that the TOCT program may become a useful strategy for enhancing walking ability in the rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Background and Purpose：Many Physical therapist are inclined to communicate less effectively each other because they hardly use the standard terminology. The purposes of this case report are (1) to apply ICF- based documentation in evaluation (2) to submit the strategy of intervention process to improve the ability of walking short distance of the client who has post-stroke. Description：The client was 44-years-old man with hemiplegia who was in 1 month post- stroke problems were diagnosed while applying the ICF core set. The goals agreed with client were independently walking short distance, stairs and obstacles. To come up with the intervention strategy, hypothesis was set and 4 weeks ofintervention was carried out after proposing the short goal and detailed purpose. Outcome：The client's performance in walking short distance and confidence were increased after impairment focused intervention, that are improved in walking velocity, endurance, supporting ability in lower limbs, rhythmical movement in upper limbs and the coordination of both limbs. Activities focused intervention also enhanced the ability in climbing steps and walking around obstacles. Conclusion：The decided hypothesis and goal that are to solve the problems the client faced were remarkably meaningful.