Earticle

본 연구는 브랜드 이미지가 배경음악 구성요소의 변화와 특성에 따라, 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 알아보기 위한 목적에서 진행됐다. 이를 위한 연구방법으로 뇌파측정 방법을 사용했다. 피험자는 뇌파측정 코드를 장착하고 실험에 참여했고, 피험자가 느끼는 반응에 대한 뇌파는 모두 컴퓨터에 수치와 그래프로 기록됐다. 피험자는 모두 60명이었으며 실험은 측정방법상 인원 제한이 따르기 때문에 2008년 9월부터 2009년 2월의 6개월에 걸쳐 진행됐다.실험결과 측정된 뇌파측정치는 각각 독립적인 영역에서의 분석과 함께, 각 결과의 비교를 통해 어떤 차이가 존재하는가를 파악할 수 있도록 분석했다. 연구결과 광고 배경음악의 음계, 속도, 음량의 차이가 브랜드 이미지를 변화시킬 수 있는 유의미한 영향요인이라는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 특히, 상대적으로 속도와 음량의 변화가 이미지 영역에 주는 영향력이 강하게 나타났다. 또한, 제품 관여도보다는 음악적 특성 변화에 따른 반응이 유의미하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to give technical base for how to use background music by examining brand image distinction from the musical characteristics in the advertising and product involvements. Thus, the first independent variables are musical character-istics of background music in advertising. The second are the product involvements. The dependent variable is brand image in the advertising. This study was conducted through an experiment by EEG-brain wave test equipment. The subjects of this experiment are 60 university students. They were given four types advertising and two types background music. The results of this study are the following. First, there is no strong relationship between brand image and product involvements. Second, musical characteristic of background music and brand image are significantly related. That is, the results argue that musical characteristics of background music should be carefully examined regarding their functions and roles in the decision making process for choosing background music for advertising. Furthermore, it would be so desirable to study how much the music conforms to brand image.

공간 측정의 오류는 공식에 의존하여 측정값을 구하는 절차 위주의 교수·학습뿐 만 아니라 개념적 오류에서 기인한다. 본 연구는 특히 2, 3차원 도형과 관련한 공 간 측정인 둘레, 넓이, 겉넓이, 부피에 대한 학생들의 개념적 이해를 파악하고자, 이 네 가지 속성을 이미 학습한 초등학교 6학년 학생들의 각 속성에 대한 개념이 미지를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 학생들에게 네 가지 측정 속성 을 친구에게 설명할 것을 요구하는 문항을 제시하고, 그에 대한 답안을 근거로 하 여 학생들이 지닌 개념이미지의 적절성 여부와 개념을 설명하기 위해 사용한 표현 의 유형을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 적절한 개념이미지의 비율은 둘레-넓이-부피-겉 넓이 순이었고, 각 속성에 따라 선호되는 표현 유형에 차이가 나타났다. 둘레, 겉넓 이, 부피의 개념을 설명할 때에는 언어적 표현의 비율이 높았으나, 넓이의 경우 기 호적 표현의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 또한 학생들이 보인 오류에서 차원 인식의 오 류가 높은 비율로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 공간 측정 지도 시 고려해야 할 교수학적 시사점을 도출하였다.

Errors in spatial measurement can be caused by conceptual errors as well as teaching and learning focused on the procedure. This research intends to examine students' concept images of four spatial measurement attributes : perimeter, area, surface area, and volume. For this purpose, the participants were asked to explain the four attributes to their friends. Based on their answers, we analyzed the appropriateness of the concept images and the types of representations. As a result of the analysis, there was a difference in their preferred representations type according to each attribute. When explaining the concepts of perimeter, surface area, and volume, the ratio of verbal representation was high, but in the case of area, the ratio of symbolic representation was high. Also, the error of dimension recognition was found to be high in all attributes. Based on those results, we suggested the didactical implications to be considered when teaching spatial measurement.

본고는 초기 한글 필사본 음식조리서에 나타나는 단위 명사의 목록을 작성하고 분 류한 후, 이들이 어떠한 특성을 보이는지를 연구하였다. 연구 대상 문헌은 현전하는 한글 음식조리서로서 가장 이른 시기인 16~17세기에 필사된 것을 선정하였다. 연구 결과, 단위 명사는 수효를 표현하는 ‘가락, 가지, 곧, 곬, 낫, 녁, 덩이, 두레/둘 에, ?, 마리, 면, 번, 법, 볼/?, 분1, 소솜/소?, ?’, 무게를 표현하는 ‘근, 냥, 돈, 분2’, 부피를 표현하는 ‘그?, 단지, 대야, 동?, 되, 듕발, 말, 병, 복?, 사발, 셤, 솟, 술, 우 훔, 잔, 쟈?, 죵?, 줌, 홉’, 길이를 표현하는 ‘자, 치, 푼, 필’, 시간을 표현하는 ‘날, 닐 웨, ?, 시, 월, 일, ?’ 등이 출현함을 확인하였다. 이들 단위 명사가 공기하는 명사를 살피고, 현대국어의 단위 명사와 비교하며 어떠한 특성이 있는지 살폈다.

In this paper, we organized and classified the list of unit nouns appearing in early Korean cookbook copies, and examined their characteristics. This study targeted the 16 th to 17 th centuries, the earliest period when Korean cookbooks were written. As a result of the study, we confirmed that unit nouns such as ‘가락, 가지, 곧, 곬, 낫, 녁, 덩이, 두레/둘에, ?, 마리, 면, 번, 법, 볼/?, 분1, 소솜/소?, ?’ indicating quantity, ‘근, 냥, 돈, 분2’ indicating weight, ‘그?, 단지, 대야, 동?, 되, 듕발, 말, 병, 복?, 사발, 셤, 솟, 술, 우훔, 잔, 쟈?, 죵?, 줌, 홉’ indicating volume, ‘자, 치, 푼’ indicating length, and ‘날, 닐웨, ?, 시, 월, 일, ?’ indicating time appeared. We examined nouns combined with these unit nouns, and compared them with unit nouns in modern Korean, and examined their characteristics such as parts of speech and meaning.

측정의 첫 단계는 측정하려고 하는 것이 무엇인지 아는 것이다. 본 연구는 학교수 학에서 간접 측정을 통해 측정값을 얻는 속성인 둘레, 넓이, 겉넓이, 부피의 측정 속성을 학생들이 잘 인식하는지 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 네 가지 속성을 모두 학습 완료한 초등학교 6학년 학생들에게 각 속성의 정형 대상과 비정형 대상을 포 함한 측정 상황으로 구성된 문항을 제시하였다. 학생들의 답안을 근거로 대상별, 속성별 정답률을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 정형 대상에서 속성을 바르게 인식한 비 율이 비정형 대상에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 둘레와 넓이를 겉넓이와 부피보다 더 잘 인식하였다. 정답을 찾는 전략으로 측정 대상의 차원적 특징 인식 및 측정 속성의 개념이미지와의 연결 등이 나타났으며, 오답의 사례는 속성별로 상이하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 둘레, 넓이, 겉넓이, 부피의 속성 지도에 대한 교수학적 시사점을 도출하였다.

The first step in measuring is to know what we are trying to measure. This study aims to determine whether students recognize the measurement attributes of perimeter, area, surface area, and volume, which are attributes that obtain measurements through indirect measurement in school mathematics. For this purpose, 6th grade elementary school students who completed learning all four attributes were presented with items consisting of measurement situations including formal or informal objects. Based on the students' answers, the correct answer rates by objects and attributes were analyzed. From the analysis, we found that the students recognized the attributes more correctly in the formal objects than in the informal objects. They also recognized the perimeter and area better than the surface area and volume. Strategies for finding the right answers included the recognition of the dimensional characteristics of measurement objects and the connection with their concept images of measurement attributes. Examples of incorrect answers appeared differently for each attribute. Based on these results, didactical implications for teaching the attributes of perimeter, area, surface area, and volume were derived.

점토에 혼입물이 포함되면 수축의 정도를 완화시켜 건조과정에서의 비틀어짐이나 갈라짐을 막아주는 역할을 한다. 이에 삼국시대에 제작된 나주 옹관을 바탕으로 옹관 제조 시 태토에 첨가하는 혼입물의 역할과 환원 소성 시 발생하는 태토의 상태 변화로 인한 옹관의 물성변화를 규명하였다. 나주 오량동 유적의 태토를 이용하여 혼입물 비율(0%, 20%, 40%)을 달리 배합한 재현시료를 제작하고, 여기에 소성온도(1000℃, 1100℃, 1200℃)를 달리하여 소성하였다. 소성 완료된 시료는 육안 관찰, 광학현미경(50배) 관찰, 비중 · 기공률 측정을 통해 물리적 특성을 확인하고, X-선 형광 분석(XRF), X-선 회절 분석(XRD)을 통해 성분의 함량과 특정 광물의 존재 여부를 확인하였다. 그 결과 소성온도 증가에 따른 체적 팽창과 원형의 기공 발생, 혼입물 함량 증가에 따른 비중 증가가 발생하였으며, XRF 분석에서는 SiO2의 증가와 Al2O3의 감소 현상이 일어났다. SiO2의 증가는 혼입물을 이루는 석영 입자의 영향 때문으로 추정되며, 따라서 혼입물의 첨가는 소성온도 증가로 인해 발생되는 태토의 체적 팽창을 억제를 위한 것으로 판단된다.

Adding temper into clay prevents to shrink and crack, or twist the clay during the dry process. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of temper and the physical property of earthenware coffin according to the clay state modification in the reduction firing based on earthenware coffins found in Naju which had been made in Three Kingdom Period. Clay from the Oryang-dong site in Naju was used as circle shaped samples. The samples were tempered with various proportions (0%, 20%, 40%) and fired in various temperature (1000℃, 1100℃, 1200℃). Physical properties were identified by macroscopy, an optical microscope (x50), specific gravity and porosity. Chemical components and existence of specific minerals were identified by analysing XRF and XRD. As a result, the more firing temperature increase, clay volume expansion. To prevent the volume expansion, temper was added.

The purpose of this research was to figure out the stand structure and growth characteristic with relation to DBH, height, and volume in sixteen Pinus koraiensis plantations of Gangwon province region. Age class was diversely distributed from age class II (16 yr) to age class VIII (77 yr), and, in terms of site index, sixteen regions were superior: nine regions ‘high’, seven regions ‘middle’. The distribution of DBH by sites appeared a bell-shaped curve, and the number of trees was the most in diameter section of 18-22 cm. The dispersion of DBH was various with age and widest ranging from 18 cm to 58 cm in age class VII-VIII. The distribution of height was also a bell-shaped curve with the smaller deviation than the distribution of DBH, and most of trees were in height section of 14-18 m. The correlation of DBH and height was high (r=0.75), and the volume bigger than 1.0 m3 was presented from DBH 35 cm, height 20 m.

This study aims at developing a web site which searches a list of books or articles in textlinguistics field only. The web sites which cover the individual branches of science are needed besides the existing portal site which covers the world or the academic site which covers the broaden science. The ways of developing the web site are as follows: First, we design the web site with the basic functions needed to academic scholars. Second, an item as a book or an article in the database of the web site records author(s), title, keyword(s), publication year/place, publisher, and the article records the additional journal name, volume no., and page. Third, users can advance his/her search into article or book section, and then (1) title or words of title, (2) keywords (in article), (3) author(s), (4) publication year, (5) publication place, or (6) publisher. Because the web site (http://210.110.188.12/2008search) searches into five or six options in textlinguistics field only, it gives it an edge over other web sites.

본 연구는 목소리 구성 요소인 음색, 음높이, 휴지, 크기, 속도의 변화가 목소리에 대한 호감도와 화자에 대한 공신력 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 했다. 총 600여 명의 대학생 피험자들에게 실험물을 들려주고 그 반응을 분석한 결과, 음색이 풍부하고 음높이가 높고 휴지가 정상이며 속도가 느렸을 경우에 목소리에 대한 호감도가 높았다. 화자에 대한 공신력 평가는 음색이 풍부하고 휴지가 정상일 경우가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다.

This study investigated how the audience’s evaluation of a communicator’s credibility and the audience’s likeability toward the communicator are influenced by the change of his or her voice quality, pitch, pause, volume, and speed as phonic elements of voice construction. In order to examine the effects of voice on the audience’s evaluation of likeability to the speaker, we constructed voice with a rich quality and poor quality according to the experiment conditions. We let 600 college students listen to it, and than we analysed their responses. The results were voice with a rich quality showed higher likeability than voice with a poor quality.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the concept of volume management in nursing for patients withheart failure. Methods: We employed Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method to identify related concepts,attributes, antecedents, and consequences of volume management in nursing for patients with heartfailure. Articles on volume management for patients with heart failure, published between 2010 and2024, were searched in reliable academic research databases. The inclusion criteria for the full-text articleswere based on the characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of volume management forpatients with heart failure. Results: A total of 17 eligible articles were thoroughly reviewed, with findings categorized into antecedents,attributes, and consequences. The antecedents of volume management were classified intothree categories: personal factors (including patients' health status and lifestyle factors), healthcaresystem and provider factors, and family nursing. Consequences were categorized into three groups:patient-related, family/caregiver-related, and hospital-related consequences. Volume management forpatients with heart failure was summarized into three general characteristics: patient-centered individualizedcare, holistic and integrated care, and early-start and continuous care. Conclusions: This study on volume management in nursing for patients with heart failure aims toadvance understanding through a comprehensive analysis of its characteristics, providing a systematictheoretical foundation for researchers in the field of nursing.

Recently ultra high-storied buildings are built variously as experiment result, the buildings increase to improve durability and economic feasibility. Development and research of compound ashes for high efficiency concrete swaddling clothes security are consisting as many-sided in these advantage point. meta kaolin is receiving rem newly as principal parts compound ashes, which is Profitable environment conservation enemy been coming to the fore socially with economical aspect displaying durability and strength of level such as present. Therefore, execute an experiment to analyze effect of the replacement ratio that get flowing and mechanical properties of mortar. according execute the replacement ratio of meta kaolin and silica hume by 0, 15, 30, 45%. Experiment result Liquidity effect of Meta kaolin mortar displayed tendency that fall decline in the metathesis rate since in case it is the metathesis rate 15%, and tensile strength showed tendency such as compression strength according as the metathesis rate increases, and the air amount decreased greatly according as the metathesis rate increases. In the case of compression strength, show tendency until metathesis rate 30%, and fell in case of something wrong. All tensile strength and flexural strength showed tendency such as compression strength. Liquidity of mortar of Silica fume displayed tendency that flow performance increases more or less preferably until metathesis rate 15% and the air amount shows resemblant tendency with meta kaolin.In the case of compression strength display most strength revelation and strength.

최근 학습중인 언어를 사용하여 구체적으로 무엇을 할 수 있는지를 나타내는 범용 체계에 큰 관심이 모아지고　있다. 그 중에서도 2001년에 유럽위원회가 발표한 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)는 언어능력의 국제표 준으로 세계적으로 평가가 높다. 2017년에는 그것을 보완하는 CEFR Companion Volume이 공개되어, PreA1 레벨이 추가되는 등 더욱 더 레벨이 세분화되었다. CEFR 를 사용한 연구와 실천 예는 영어를 비롯한 많은 언어에서 이루어지고 있는 반면, 일 본어 교육을 염두에 둔 CEFR연구는 수적으로도 여전히 적으며, 일본어 CEFR준수 텍 스트 코퍼스도 현재까지의 연구 결과 존재하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는, 코퍼스를 작성 할 때 발생하는, 예문에 CEFR의 독해력을 반영하는 Can-Do Statements (CDS)를 부여 하는 노력을 경감하기 위해 자동분류 실장(実装)에 대해 지속적으로 연구하고 있다. 분류 방법에는 Support Vector Machine과 랜덤 포레스트에 의한 지도 학습을 적용하 고, 기계 학습을 위한 예문의 특징량으로써 문서 유형, 전문성, 문장 길이, 한자 비율 4 개를 사용한다.　Pre-A1 레벨은 종전 레벨 군과 난이도와 구성언어요소에 큰 차이가 있기 때문에, 모든 레벨의 CDS를 한 번에 분류하는 과거 방식에 비해 2 단계에 따른 CDS 분류에 따른 정확도 향상을 목표로 하였다. 또한, Web 어플리케이션의 개발을 실시하여, 자동 분류 알고리즘을 내부 구현함으로써, 주어진 예문에 대하여 이에 대응 하는CDS를 자동 부여하는 기능과, 특정 CDS를 선택함으로써 이에 해당하는 예문 리 스트를 그 확실성 순으로 제공하는 기능을 제공하고 있다.

In recent years, a lot of attention is being paid to general-purpose frameworks that show what can be concretely done in using a target language for learners. In 2017, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) Companion Volume was released. This volume complements the CEFR initially published in 2001, which is widely considered as an international standard for language ability, and introduces a Pre-A1 level. Conversely, there are few studies on CEFR for Japanese language education, and from the past studies, it was noted that there are no Japanese CEFR compliant text corpora. Thus, the present study aims to classify example sentences according to their corresponding Can-Do Statements (CDSs) to reduce efforts in creating a corpus. Support Vector Machine and Random Forest were applied to the classification approach where document types, specialty, sentence length, and kanji ratio have been given as the features of example sentences. The Pre-A1 level has a great difference in difficulty level and constituent language elements from the previous level groups. Therefore, our study seeks to improve the accuracy through binary classification combined with incorporation of the past method of classifying all levels of CDSs at once. Moreover, we also developed a web application that would help attach CDSs efficiently to example sentences and provide example sentence collections corresponding to specific CDSs.

Objective To confirm a relationship between the pharyngeal response and bolus volume, and examine whether increasing the fluid bolus volume can improve penetration and aspiration for stroke dysphagic patients.Methods Ten stroke patients with a delayed pharyngeal response problem confirmed by a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were enrolled. Each subject completed two swallows each of 2 mL, 5 mL, and 10 mL of barium liquid thinned with water. The pharyngeal delay time (PDT) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) were measured and the changes among the different volumes were analyzed.Results PDTs were shortened significantly when 5 mL and 10 mL of thin barium were swallowed compared to 2 mL. However, there was no significant difference in PAS as the bolus volume increased. Conclusion The increased fluid bolus volume reduced the pharyngeal delay time, but did not affect the penetration and aspiration status.

유방 자기공명영상에서 기존 초음파검사 영상과 명확히 대응되지 않는 병변에 대해 Volume Navigation Technique (VNT) 기반 병변 재확인을 위한 2차 초음파 검사 및 초음파 유도 생검의 검사 과정과 임상증례를 소개하고자 하였다. 본원에서는 유방암 환자를 대상으로 시행한 유방 자기공명영상과 실시간 초음파 영상을 기준점 정합 방식으로 동기화하여 해부학적 구조를 대응시키고, 병변 위치 탐색 및 표적 설정이 가능한 VNT 기반 초음파 검사를 시행하였다. 본 논문에서는 2025년 1월부터 2026년 4월까지 유방암 환자를 대상으로 시행한 VNT 초음파 유도 생검 44건을 후향적으로 분석하였고, 총 44건의 병리 분석 결과, 양성 병변은 38건(86.4%), 고위험 병변은 1건(2.3%), 악성 병변은 5건(11.4%)으로 확인되었다. 또한 초음파상 비종괴성 병변이나 미세 저에코 변화 병변에서도 조직학적 진단이 가능하였다. 유방 VNT 초음파 유도 생검은 자기공명영상에서 발견된 병변에 대해 초음파 기반의 조직학적 진단과 치료 계획 수립에 유용하였으며, 자기공명영상 유도 생검에 비해 접근성과 효율성이 높아 유방 영상 중재 분야에서 유용한 대안적 검사 방법으로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Breast lesions detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) without definite sonographic correlation on conventional ultrasound require additional imaging evaluation and histopathologic confirmation. This study aimed to describe the examination workflow and clinical application of Volume Navigation Technique (VNT)-based second-look ultrasound and ultrasound-guided biopsy for these lesions. A retrospective analysis was performed on 44 cases of VNT-guided breast biopsy conducted between January 2025 and April 2026 in breast cancer patients. VNT was performed using a GE Healthcare ultrasound system with the Volume Navigation system by synchronizing breast MRI and real-time ultrasound images through landmark-based coregistration. Among the 44 lesions analyzed, 38 lesions(86.4%) were benign, 1 lesion (2.3%) was classified as high-risk, and 5 lesions(11.4%) were malignant. Histopathologic diagnosis was feasible even in lesions presenting as non-mass lesions or subtle hypoechoic changes on ultrasound. VNT-guided biopsy enabled ultrasound-based histopathologic diagnosis of MRI-detected breast lesions without definite sonographic correlation and demonstrated clinical utility in treatment planning. Given its accessibility and procedural efficiency, VNT may serve as a practical alternative to MRI-guided biopsy.

Volume Rendering은 3차원 공간상에 분포된 데이터를 직접적으로 가시화하는 기법으로, 데이터 내 부로 ray를 투사하여 일정 간격으로 샘플링된 각 포인트에서의 밀도와 색상 값을 합성함으로써 픽셀 의 색상과 투명도를 결정한다. 그러나 샘플링 포인트의 수가 증가할수록 렌더링 품질은 향상되나 계산 량과 메모리 사용량이 급격히 증가하여 연산 속도가 저하되는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Proximal Policy Optimization 강화학습 알고리즘을 적용하여 불필요한 샘플링 포인트를 제거함으로써 렌더링 품질을 유지하면서 기존의 Volume Rendering 대비 연산 효율성과 렌더링 속도를 효과적으로 향상시킨다.

FDG PET 영상에서 MTV는 종양의 전체 대사정도를 반영하여 종양의 체적을 나타낸다. 하지만 MTV는 영상재구성의 영향을 받게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 팬텀실험을 통하여 영상재구성에 따라 SUVmax의 역치 값을 달리하여 실제 체적과 MTV의 상관관계를 평가해보고자 하였다. NEMA IEC Body 팬텀에 18F-FDG를 구와 배후 방사능의 비율(4:1, 8:1, 10:1, 20:1)이 되도록 주입 후 영상을 획득하였다. 획득한 영상에 4가지 방법(OSEM3D, OSEM3D+PSF, OSEM3D+TOF, OSEM3D+TOF+PSF)으로 영상을 재구성한 후 다양한 SUVmax 역치 값을 적용하여 MTV의 변화를 비교해 보았다. 전반적으로 SUVmax 역치 값이 증가 할수록 MTV가 감소하였으며, 구와 배후방사능 비율이 증가할수록 동일한 SUVmax 역치 값에서 MTV가 감소하였다. PSF와 TOF+PSF재구성영상에서 40% 역치 값, OSEM3D와 TOF 재구성 영상에서는 45% 역치 값을 적용하였을 때 팬텀의 실제체적과 MTV의 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 이번 연구결과를 통하여 영상재구성에 따라 MTV 측정에 기초적인 자료로 제공되어 질 것으로 사료된다.

Recently, MTV(metabolic tumor volume) has been used as indices of the whole tumor FDG uptake on FDG PET image but it is influenced by image reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between actual volume and metabolic tumor volume applying different SUVmax threshold for different reconstruction algorithm on phantom study. Measurement were performed on a Siemens Biograph mCT40 using a NEMA IEC body phantom containing different size six spheres filled with F18-FDG applying four SBRs (4:1, 8:1, 10:1, 20:1). Images reconstructed four algorithms (OSEM3D, OSEM3D+PSF, OSEM3D +TOF, OSEM3D+TOF+PSF) and MTV were measured with different SUVmax threshold. Overall, the use of increasing thresholds result in decreasing MTV. and increasing the signal to background ratio decreased MTV by applying same SUVmax threshold. The 40% SUVmax threshold gave the best concordance between measured and actual volume in PSF and PSF+TOF reconstruction image. and the 45% threshold had the best correlation between the volume measured and actual volume in OSEM3D and TOF reconstruction image. we believe that this study will be used when the measurement of MTV applying various reconstruction image.

본 연구는 ATOM Phantom을 이용하여 선량, 화질을 비교 분석 하여 Volume mode의 유용성 밝혀 소아 CT 검사에 적극적으로 사용하기 위함이다. Helical mode Noise와 Volume mode의 Noise, HU, SNR은 p>0.05 이므로 통계적으로 유이한 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 각 부위별 선량값은 모두 p>0.05 이므로 통계적 유이한 차이가 없었으나 DLP값이 Helical mode보다 Volume mode가 더 낮게 측정되었다. 유효선량 역시 Volume mode가 Helical mode보다 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 정성적 분석에서는 Mode에 따른 조건 별로 각각 Helical: 2.6, 3.3, 4.36 Volume: 2.8, 3.64, 4.44, Mode별 Follow up 영상평가 결과로는 Helical mode가 3.8 Volume mode가 3.83점으로 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 5세 이하의 소아 CT검사에 있어서 640-MDCT Volume scan이 Helical mode와 비교해 낮은 선량으로 영상의 질이 큰 차이가 없기에 소아 CT 검사에는 유용 하다고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze dose comparison and image quality evaluation according to Volume and Helical mode using ATOM Phantom. It is to actively use the Volume mode in pediatric CT examinations. There was no significant difference with Helical and Volume in the value of Noise, HU, SNR(p>0.05). All dose values was no statistical difference(p>0.05). In the value of DLP and effective dose by part, Volume mode was measured lower than Helical mode. For qualitative analysis, by scan parameter helical mode showed respectively 2.6, 3.3, 4.36 and Volume mode indicated 2.8, 3.64, 4.44 point. Image evaluation for the follow-up, Helical mode and Volume mode were respectively 3.8 and 3.83. In fact, There was no significant difference. In CT scans in children under 5 years, because 640-MDCT Volume scan dose compared with Helical mode is lower and there is no significant difference with two modes in the image quality, 640-MDCT Volume scan is thought to be useful for pediatric CT scans.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between femoral muscle volume (FMV) and physiological outcomes after trans-femoral amputations (TFAs) affecting overall locomotor function in patients.Methods Seven individuals who underwent TFA and had been using a prosthesis participated in this cross-sectional study. Gait and balance were assessed using clinical tests, such as 10-m walk test, 6-minute walk test, Berg Balance Scale, and automatic balance system. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to check oxygen consumption rate. Five participants were evaluated for bilateral FMV by MR imaging and FMV was reconstructed using three-dimentional remodeling.Results In five participants, significant differences were found between the non-involved and involved sides in femur length, total FMV, and functional muscle volume (all p<0.01) in all groups except for the hip adductor volume. The %mean difference between the non-involved and involved sides was 30% for femur length, 52.55% for hip flexor volume, 26.55% for hip adductor volume, 51.86% for hip extensor volume, and 60.21% for knee extensor volume. The hip flexor volume to hip extensor volume ratio in the involved limb and oxygen consumption rate during comfortable gait were negatively correlated (r=-0.96, p=0.04).Conclusion In individuals who underwent unilateral TFA, hip girdle muscle imbalance in the involved limbs may be associated with oxygen consumption rate while using a prosthesis.

Purpose: Some patients with respiratory failure fail initial weaning attempts and need prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Prolonged MV is associated with many complications and consumption of heathcare resources. Objective weaning indices help staffs to identify high-potential patients for weaning from the MV. Traditional weaning indices are not reliable in clinical practice. Transitional percentage of minute volume (TMV%) is a new index of the work of breathing. This study aimed to investigate the utility of TMV% in the prediction of weaning potential. Methods: This study was prospectively performed including all patients with prolonged MV. Researchers recorded their demographics, TMV%, respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and laboratory data upon arrival at the respiratory care center. The factors associated with successful weaning were analyzed. Results: Out of the 120 patients included, 84 (70.0%) were successfully weaned from MV. Traditional weaning indices such as rapid shallow breathing index could not predict the weaning outcome. TMV% was a valuable parameter as patients with a lower TMV%, higher tidal volume, higher hemoglobin, lower blood urea nitrogen, and lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores had a higher rate of successful weaning. TMV%, tidal volume, and HCO3- levels were independent predictors of successful weaning, and the area under the curve was .79 in the logistic regression model. Conclusion: TMV% is a novel and effective predictor of successful weaning. Patients with lower TMV% had a higher MV weaning outcome. Once patients with a high potential for successful weaning are identified, they should be aggressively weaned from MV as soon as possible.