Earticle

본 연구에서는 공정라인에 모듈러 시스템을 접목시켜 생산성을 증대시키는 가장 효율적인 대안을 시뮬레이션 분석을 통하여 선정하고자 한다. 또한 본 연구의 시뮬레이션 분석은 Arena 8.0을 사용하였으며, 분석 대상은 각 공정의 작업자와 설비의 가동율로 하였다. 공정의 모듈화 효과는 시뮬레이션을 통하여 작업자 및 설비효율은 증가하는 결과가 나왔다. 그러므로 작업자와 설비효율만을 고려하였을 경우 대안 3이 가장 적절한 개선 방안이라 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 모듈 공정배치의 대외적인 효과는 모듈화를 하기 전에는 모든 부품 업체를 기업 전체적으로 관리를 해야 하지만 모듈이 구성이 되면 각각의 모듈별로 부품 업체를 관리할 수 있어 협력 업체의 관리가 용이해진다. 이러한 효과는 생산리드타임의 단축으로 가공비 감소, 전체적인 제조원가 감소, 재고유지비 감소, 재고관리비와 주문비 감소, 원가구조의 개선에 의한 경쟁력 확보 등으로 정리할 수 있다.

This paper is aimed to utilize the theory of the process modular system, one of the innovative production techniques of advanced to set up a process layout model for facilities after analyzing the effects of small and middle manufacturing company and ultimately to suggest the directions for designing a new modular process management system using simulation analysis.

Purpose: To measure the level of reflection, this study analyzes diaries written by thirdyearnursing students before and after the debriefing stage in simulation training. Aqualitative study using diary entries from 15 nursing students to explore reflectiondepth. Methods: Students engaged in simulation training and the debriefing stage, documentingtheir reflections in diaries. Before and after debriefing, reflections were ratedfrom Level 1 (reflectivity) to Level 7 (theoretical reflectivity). Results: The total numberof reflection levels rose significantly from 545 to 829 post-debriefing, enhancing higher-orderreflection.The shift signifies a move from superficial to deep reflection, highlightingdebriefing’s role in fostering critical thinking. Conclusion: The findings underscorethe critical role of debriefing in enhancing reflective thinking in nursing education. There is a demonstrated need for further research into the specific elements of debriefingthat are most effective at promoting deep reflection. Future studies should conduct comparativeanalyses of different debriefing methods and approaches across various educationalsettings. This research could lay the foundation for designing more effective debriefingstrategies that foster critical thinking and improve learning outcomes in nursingeducation.

Purpose: This study analyzed nursing students’ guided reflective journals following simulation-based practice using standardized patients for the initial care of older adults experiencing falls. It aimed to provide a deeper understanding of how changes in students’ thinking occurred through the learning experience and to describe their levels of reflection. Methods: An eight-hour simulation-based education program was implemented during a geriatric clinical practicum. The program consisted of orientation, pre-learning activities, simulation practice, and a wrap-up session. Reflective journals from 53 third-year nursing students were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Fifty-three third-year nursing students participated and submitted reflective journals. Three categories emerged from the analysis: “preparing for simulation-based practice,” which involved students setting care plans and employing observation; (2) “experiencing patient fall management through simulation-based practice,” where students actively engaged in realistic fall management scenarios; and (3) “critical reflection after simulation-based practice,” encompassing students’ acquisition of new insights and their personal growth. In the first category, students prepared for patient encounters by developing care plans and conducting observations. The second category highlighted realistic fall management scenarios utilizing standardized patients. The third category focused on personal growth through critical reflection. In the 53 reflective journals (185,021 words), level 3 reflections accounted for 31.6% of the content, while level 5, the highest reflection level, comprised only 8.6%. Conclusion: Post-simulation reflective journaling stimulated critical thinking and self-assessment, enabling nursing students to analyze and reflect deeply on clinical practices. This process reinforced their knowledge base and behavioral foundations essential for clinical practice.

Purpose: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis explored extended reality (XR)-based pediatric nursing simulation programs and analyzed their effectiveness. Methods: A literature search was conducted between May 1 and 30, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL. The search period was from 2000 to 2022. In total, 6,095 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 articles were selected for the final content analysis and 10 for the meta-analysis. Dataanalysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. Results: XR-based pediatric nursing simulation programs have increased since 2019. Studies using virtual reality with manikins or high-fidelity simulators were the most common, with six studies. The total effect size was statistically significant at 0.84 (95% confidence interval=0.50-1.19, z=4.82, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we suggest developing standardized guidelines for the operation of virtual pediatric nursing simulation education and practice. Simultaneously, theapplication of more sophisticated research designs for effect measurement and the combined applications of various virtual simulation methods are needed to validate the most effective simulation methodology.

Purpose: This study conducted a systematic analysis of the effects of virtual reality (VR)-based simulation education on nursing students’ learning outcomes.Methods: Studies involving undergraduate nursing students who received immersive or non-immersive VR?based simulation education, compared with conventional nursing education, were identified from Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, ACM Digital Library, NDSL, KISS, DBpia, and RISS, from database inception through February 28, 2025. The primary outcomes were nursing skill performance and knowledge, while the secondary outcomes were self-efficacy and confidence in nursing performance. Only randomized controlled trials were included. A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Across 21 randomized controlled trials, the meta-analysis showed that VR-based simulation education had no statistically significant effects on nursing skill performance (n = 759, SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: ?0.47 to 0.82) or confidence in nursing performance (n = 1,157, SMD = 0.12; 95% CI: ?0.20 to 0.43). In contrast, statistically significant positive effects were observed for knowledge (n = 1,009, SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.57) and self-efficacy (n = 696, SMD = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.81).Conclusion: VR-based simulation education represents an effective educational approach for improving nursing students’ knowledge and self-efficacy. Future implementations should align the type and complexity of VR simulations with specific educational goals and content, while accounting for potential variation related to instructional design, learner characteristics, and outcome measures.

Background: A NaI(Tl) survey meter was used in the pediatric thyroid screening conducted after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. However, this measurement method has the weakness that it is difficult to selectively identify 131I. In this study, we analyzed the performance of an energy-analyzable NaI(Tl) spectrometer using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS), which allows Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport. Materials and Methods: The spectrum of energy emitted by the NaI(Tl) spectrometer was simulated for a total energy absorption peak by adjusting factors that affect pulse wave height. From these simulation results, the detection limits of the NaI(Tl) spectrometer were obtained using Monte Carlo simulation. Results and Discussion: The energy spectrum results were reproduced with an accuracy of 0.1% to 44.0% for total energy absorption peaks. The calculated detection limit for 131I activity equivalent to 100 mSv in the thyroid under a 0.2 μSv· hr−1 ambient dose rate was approximately 80–90 Bq, which could be detected for up to 38 days after 131I intake in a 1-year-old child. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that pediatric thyroid screening using an NaI(Tl) spectrometer can practically provide greater accuracy than NaI(Tl) survey meters.

본 연구에서는 도시열섬 시뮬레이션 분석 시 다양한 환경에서 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 건축물들의 건폐율·용적률·높이 등을 변경하면서 사용 가능한 필지 내에서 3D 건축물이 생성 가능하도록 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 생성모델은 법에서 정의하고 있는 몇몇 규제를 안에서 필지의 정보만 이용하여 각 필지마다 최대로 개발할 수 있는 건축물을 생성한다. 서 울시 마포구 서교동 대상으로 알고리즘을 적용하였으며 약 30초 후 모든 필지에 건축물이 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we developed an algorithm to 3D buildings within usable pacel information by changing the occupancy rate, volume ratio, height, etc. of buildings to enable simulation in various environments.. This algorithm to create a 3D building model in a parcel that can be used in performing an urban heat island simulation. By using the information on parcels within the legal limits, a 3D building model creates a building that can be constructed to the maximum for each parcel. The algorithm was applied for parcels in Seogyo-dong, Mapo-go, Seoul, and after about 30 minutes, buildings were found to be created in all parcels.

Carton clamps and forklift attachments allow users to efficiently handle shipping units including unitized loads, large shipping cases, and crates without the need for pallets. As the use of palletless handling by clamp trucks increases, the need for simulation research on clamp truck handling also grows. This study defines an analysis model for a segment of a heavyweight corrugated package (HCP) (L ×W× D = 1,003 × 980 × 1,880 mm, weight = 1,760 N). Finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated the slippage of the HCP under various conditions, using a representative load. The FEA results indicated minimal change in slippage beyond a certain clamping pressure. The slippage was lowest when the rubber contact pad on the carton-clamp truck arm was trapezoidal. Additionally, the slippage of HCP was reduced by more than 50% when using double-wall corrugated paperboard compared to single-wall corrugated paperboard. Under the same conditions, the error between the minimum clamping pressure estimated by the improved minimum clamping pressure model and the pressure analyzed through FEA was approximately 12%. Thus, if the physical properties used in FEA are enhanced, the FEA-based simulation technique can more accurately estimate the minimum clamping pressure during carton clamp truck handling.

기후 변화와 토지 개발로 인해 산지재난의 규모가 대형화되고 그 발생빈도 또한 증가하고 있다. 국토의 64%가 산지로 구성되어 있으며 대부분의 강우가 여름철에 집중되어 있는 우리 나라는 다양 한 산지재난에 취약한 특징을 가지고 있다. 특히, 산사태, 토석류와 같은 산지 재난의 발생 빈도가 높아지면서 산지 재난 저감을 위한 대책 마련이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토석류 발생 현장에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 토석류를 모의하고 실제 피해가 발생된 시설물에 대한 취약성을 평가하였다. 모의에 따르면 실제 토석류 피해지역과는 약 62% 정확도로 일치하였고, 실제 피해가 발생된 시설물 이 위치한 구간에서는 약 2.0~24.8kPa의 충격력이 발생하였다. 또 취약성은 0.6 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The scale of mountain disasters and the frequency of their occurrence are increasing due to climate change and land development. The country of 64% is composed of mountainous areas and most of the rainfall is concentrated in summer, making Korea vulnerable to mountain disasters. In particular, as the frequency of landslides and debris flow increases, countermeasures to reduce the mountain disasters are required. In this study, we simulated the debris flow based on the investigation on site where debris flows occurred and evaluated the vulnerability of the facilities that actually damaged. The simulation result coincided with an accuracy of about 62% for the area damaged by the actual debris flow. The impact forces about 2.0 to 24.8 kPa were generated in the section where the actual damage occurred. In addition, the vulnerability was found to be higher than 0.6.

Advances in digital tools and building structure technologies have enabled more flexible architectural design, with AI-based performance design gaining considerable attention as a new design methodology. Stadium design must consider the two primary elements of sports events: athletes and spectators. Given that the facade of a stadium directly impacts solar energy efficiency, it is essential to incorporate environmental performance considerations from the initial design phase. This study employs an AI-based Generative Design process to generate a facade form that efficiently manages solar radiation and daylight, satisfying two conflicting performance objectives: max- imizing sunlight for turf growth in the pitch zone and minimizing direct sunlight exposure in the stadium seating zone. The optimal solution derived ranks 331st for pitch zone sunlight and 408th for stadium seating sunlight out of a dataset of 1,000 models. While this solution does not represent the absolute best for either individual objective, it is evaluated as the most balanced alternative, achieving the goal of maximizing sunlight in the pitch zone and minimizing it in the seating zone

게임의 세계는 최근 몇 년간 빠르게 진화해 왔다. 특히 여성 게이머들의 수가 증가하면서, 이들의 구체적인 요구를 이해할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 여성 데이트 시뮬레이션 모바일 게임 및 게임 캐릭터 디자 인 분야에서 여성 게임 이용자의 요구와 선호를 분석하고자 한다. 최근에는 여성 중심의 게임에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있지만, 여성 게임 플레이어를 대상으로 한 게임은 아직 충분히 개발되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에 서는 광범위한 문헌 검토와 설문조사를 통해 여성 게이머들의 선호를 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 여성 데이트 시뮬레이션 모바일 게임의 캐릭터 디자인 방향을 제안한다. 이를 통해 게임 디자이너 및 개발자들은 현대 여 성들의 요구를 더욱 잘 이해하고, 높은 수준의 게임을 개발할 수 있을 것이다. 더 줄일 수 있다. 그리고 제안 된 모델은 앞으로 다른 게임이나 스포츠 게임에도 적용될 것이다.

The world of gaming has been evolving rapidly over the years, and with the increase in female gamers, there is a need to understand the specific needs of female gamers. This study aims to analyze the needs of female game users and the elements of game character design through a study of female dating simulation mobile games and game character design. In recent times, there has been a growing interest in female-oriented games, and the number of female game players has been increasing steadily. However, the history of games targeting female game players is short, and these games often fail to meet the expectations of female game players. To better understand the emotional needs of modern women and the current research on female dating simulation mobile games and the development of game roles, an extensive literature review was conducted. This review helped to identify the gaps in the current research on female gaming and provided a framework for this study. In order to propose a character design direction for female dating simulation mobile games, we conducted a questionnaire survey among game players. The survey showed that female gamers have specific preferences for game character design, which include personality, occupation and appearance characteristics. Based on the results of the literature review and the questionnaire survey, this study can provide valuable insights to game designers and developers on the direction of game character design for female dating simulation mobile games. This study highlights the importance of understanding the emotional needs of modern women and creating games that appeal to female game playing furniture.

본 연구는 시뮬레이션교육에서 간호대학생의 성찰일지를 분석하여 성찰 특성을 확인하여 성찰을 지도하 기 위한 가이드라인을 제공하기 위하여 후향적 혼합연구로 수행되었다. 대상자의 성찰일지를 분석하여 자가평가 점수와 교수자의 평가점수를 비교한 양적 자료와 대상자가 평가근거로 기술한 질적 자료를 통합적으로 분석하였다. 양적 분석 결과, 자가평가한 점수와 교수자가 평가한 성찰점수는 자기평가/자가 분석(χ2=195.13, p<.001), 개선의지(χ2=215.64, p<.001)에서 교수자와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 교수자는 대상자의 성찰수준이 성취단계 이상인 경우가 없다고 평가하였으나, 대상자는 대부분 성취단 계 이상이라고 자가평가하였다. 대상자의 평가근거를 내용분석한 질적 자료에서 대상자는 성찰과정에 참여했고, 노력하였으며 개선의지가 있기 때문에 성찰수준이 성취수준 이상이라고 평가하였다. 시뮬레 이션교육에서 학습자가 효과적인 성찰을 하도록 하는 교육이 필요하며, 향후 연구에서는 반복 연구를 통해 확인하고 성찰을 평가하고 피드백하기 위한 평가도구를 고려한 연구를 제안한다.

This study aimed to identify the levels of reflection among nursing students and provide guidelines for improvement. A retrospective, mixed-methods approach was used to analyze reflective journals from simulation-based education. Quantitative data, comparing self-evaluation scores to instructor evaluation scores, and qualitative data based on participants' self-reported rationales for their scores were analyzed in an integrated manner. The quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant differences between self-assessed and instructor-assessed reflection scores in both self-assessment/self-analysis (χ2=195.13, p <.001) and commitment to improvement (χ2=215.64, p<.001). Instructors consistently rated the students' reflection levels as below achieving, whereas students self-rated themselves as mostly above achieving. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants believed their reflections were successful due to proactive participation, effort, and a willingness to improve. Future studies should replicate these findings and explore evaluation tools that provide feedback to enhance reflective practices.

About 50 years ago, authority of physics academy concluded that Big bang theory is right by the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB). But soon, people found serious problem in the Big bang theory so conception called ‘Inflation’ invited, which implies that there was great expansion of space after Big bang between 10-30 s and 10-33 s ~ 10-32 s. At that time, inflaton that caused inflation included asymmetry throughout space. After the inflation, the energy that inflaton had was released as the form of a matter. So, asymmetric inflaton also derived asymmetry of matter. Because of this asymmetry, large scale structure and CMB became to have these days’ shape. In this research, we are going to set simple model of inflaton that contains asymmetry and compare with these day’s CMB by using laplace series. Finally, we could get a result that resemble our universe’s CMB power spectrum.

미시적 시뮬레이션 모델은 차량과 차량, 차량과 교통제어와의 개별차량 상호작용을 분석할 수 있어 교통공학 분야에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 미시 교통 시뮬레이션 모형을 이용하여 교통시스템을 분석 및 평가할 때 많은 고려요소가 있다. 이 요소들은 현장의 분석 대상지, 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어, 분석 시간, 평가 척도, 패러미터, OD 자료, 랜덤 넘버 등을 포함한다. 이러한 요소들이 미시적 시뮬레이션 결과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 평가하기 위해 CORSIM과 TRANSIMS 결과를 토대로 민감도 분석이 실시되었다. 휴스톤에 위치한 I-10과 US290, 샌안토니오에 위치한 I-37 고속도로가 분석에 이용되었다. 오전 첨두, 오후 첨두, 비첨두 시간이 분석되었고, 세 개의 OD 자료가 이용되었다. 분석결과 모델의 패러메터와 OD 자료가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 또한 분석대상지와 분석 시간에 따라 민감도가 달라졌다

Microscopic simulation models, which focus on individual vehicles, are used extensively in the transportation operations in order to capture vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic controls. There are many important factors involved when a micro simulation model is applied as an evaluation tool for the traffic system. They typically include test bed, software, simulation time period, measure of effectiveness, parameter for a software, OD matrix, and random seed number. To evaluate the effects of those factors, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the effects of those factors based on CORSIM and TRANSIMS results. Three freeway corridors, two in Houston (I-10 and US 290) and one in Sin Antonio (I-37), were chosen as test beds. Three time periods (AM, PM, off-peak) and three OD matrix estimates were used for the analysis. It was found that the micro-simulation results were highly sensitive to the model Parameter sets and the OD information. The degree of sensitivity was a function of the test bed and time period.

This paper discusses the performance of linear regression, regression tree, support vector regression, and ensemble learners in modelling airflow between two spaces based on accuracy and training time. To obtain training data, different scenarios from an existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model are simulated via transient analysis using Cradle scSTREAM. The raw dataset is transformed to having time step sizes of 2.5s, 5.0s, and 50.0s. Feature scaling is also employed on the each data set using both min-max scaling and z-score methods for a total of 9 datasets. Hyperparameters according to machine learning (ML) algorithms are varied such that 15 ML models across the four algorithms are developed. The results show that the regression trees perform the best over all other algorithms, with all models maintaining R2 values above 0.95 at the different datasets. On the other hand, as expected, all linear models demonstrated poor performance compared to nonlinear models. Data resolution affects model accuracy and training time, with accuracy declining slightly as time step size increased. It is also found that there is no significant effect of feature scaling. Lastly, ML models yield substantially cheaper simulation costs than CFD to simulate airflow.

Carton clamp truck is widely perceived as the high-efficient handling equipment of factory premises and warehouse by its capability of palletless handling. Therefore, the significance of a lab- based handling simulation is becoming higher with the growth of clamp truck usage. In this study, preliminary FEA and design of handling test courses for the lab-based simulation of carton clamp truck handling were performed, and the PSD analyses were performed for the modified one for the test course proposed by Park et al. (2017) as well as ASTM D 6055 and ISTA 3B standards. For the vibration in all directions, the vibration energy intensity analyzed by ISTA 3B standard showed higher than that by the other two cases. A FEA was performed for the handling operation of the sudden stop of the clamps after lifting the target HCP (heavyweight refrigerator corrugated package, w=180 kgf) up to the specified height. The slip distance between the clamp arm and the target HCP was 0.85 mm. The simulation result of 0.85 mm was 3.7 times lower than the experimental result (3.2 mm) obtained by Park et al. (2017), and it was estimated that the deviation comes from both the experimental error by weight imbalance of target HCP, and excessive simplification during the FE modelling of target HCP.

본 연구에서는 female adult mesh (FASH) 팬텀으로부터 획득한 CT 영상에 FNLM 알고리즘을 적용하여 유사도를 분석하고자 한다. 먼저, GATE (geant4 application for tomographic emission) 프로그램을 이용하여 FASH의 전신 CT 스캔 데이터를 모델링한 뒤 그 데이터로부터 MATLAB 프로그램을 통해 442 × 256 사이즈의 CT axial 영상을 획득하였다. 그리고 획득한 원본 이미지에 표준편차 0.002를 가지는 가우시안 노이즈를 부가함으로서 Noisy 이미지를 획득한 뒤 그 이미지에 fast non-local means (FNLM) 알고리즘을 가중치 조절 인자 h를 0.05로 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 유사도를 평가하기 위하여 평균 제곱근 편차 (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)와 최대 신호 대 잡음비 (Peak Signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR)를 사용하였다. 원본이미지와 FNLM 알고리즘이 적용된 영상과의 유사도를 평가 한 결과, 원본이미지와 노이즈 이미지의 유사도에 비하여 RMSE 수치는 1.45배 향상되었으며, PSNR 수치는 1.04배 향상되었다. 결론적으로 FNLM 알고리즘은 영상을 복원하는데 효과가 있음이 증명되었다.

In this study, we analyzed the similarity about image applied fast non-local means (FNLM) algorithm to CT images obtained from the female adult mesh (FASH) phantom. First, full-body CT scan data of the FASH was modeled using the genant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) program, and from that data, a 442 × 256 CT axial image was obtained through the MATLAB program. Subsequently, a noisy image was obtained by adding Gaussian noise with a standard deviation of 0.002 to the acquired original image and the FNLM algorithm which has 0.05 weight was applied to the image. In this study, root mean square error (RMSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) were used to evaluate the similarity. As a result of evaluating the similarity between the original image and the image with FNLM algorithm, the RMSE level was 1.45 times and PSNR level was 1.04 times higher than the noisy image. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the FNLM algorithm can restore efficiently the noisy images.

시한성 표적(Time Sensitive Target : TST)이란 신속하게 움직이기 때문에 대응 가능시간이 제한되는 표적을 의미한다. 시한성 표적은 1991년 걸프전에서 이라크의 스커드 미사일 위협 이후 군사적으로 큰 고려사항이 되어왔다. 그 이후, 제한된 시간 안에서 시한성 표적을 효과적으로 공격하기 위한 여러 방법들이 연구되어 왔다. 시한성 표적 공격 작전에는 감시자산, 지휘통제 시스템, 공격자산 등의 다양한 수단들이 필요하며 이 수단들의 효율적인 협력이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 모델링 및 시뮬레이션(M&S) 방법을 사용하여 시한성 표적 작전에 투입되는 자산들의 효율성을 분석하였다. 이 연구를 통하여, 시한성 표적에 성공적으로 대응할 수 있도록 투입 자산들의 효율성을 비교할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다.

A time-sensitive target(TST) is a target that requires an immediate response because its vulnerability window is very limited like a fast-moving mobile target. TSTs have been a major concern of the military since SCUD missile threats in Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The military community has sought effective ways to destroy these targets within their vulnerability window. A TST operation requires a variety of assets such as a sensor, command & control, and a shooter to be engaged and working together in a timely manner. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of the assets involved in a TST operation using the modeling and simulation method. The results can provide the military community with insights about ways to utilize TST assets to maximize the possibility of destroying TSTs.