Earticle

This study explores words and images in the bilingual picturebook Aekyung’s Dream (1988), a story about a Korean immigrant child’s lived experiences in the U.S. Framed within the theory of postcolonialism as resistance, this study investigates how written and visual representations can invite students to become aware of the voices of Korean immigrant children in the U.S. Findings show that a significant shift in narratives and written/visual representations takes place in the picturebook, finally illustrating the counter-narratives of Korean immigrants and communities. This shift illuminates the retrieval and recovery of their identities and voices that have been marginalized in the U.S. What is further significant in the findings is that these counter-narratives serve as the rewriting and redoing of the assimilationist and hegemonic discourse that permeates mainstream U.S. society. This is followed by discussions, which shed light on the power of reading the word and the world through the story of Aekyung’s Dream and, thereby, have important educational implications for language and culture educators, who guide students to enter into the lives of others and also uplift them into multi-layers of the worldview. (183 words)

교사 이미지는 교사 이미지는 교육 환경뿐만 아니라, 대중 매체를 통해서 수많은 인식에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 효과적인 과학교육의 묘사는 과학 탐구와 다른 표준에 기초한 실제의 복잡한 성격을 감안할 때 특히 상세히 규정하기 어렵다. 이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 과학교사들의 이미지를 조사하였다. 수집된 초기 데이터에는 이미지 유형(사진, 만화/클립 아트, 텍스트/시각)과 묘사된 과학 교사의 인구통계 정보가 포함되었다. 과학 교사의 복장, 행동, 재료와 장비, 학생과의 상호작용을 포함한 공통 주제를 탐구하고 문서화했다. 또한 과학교육 문헌과 비교를 포함하여 이러한 이미지의 잠재적 영향에 대해 논의하였다. 이 연구의 시사점으로 과학교사 교육자들이 이러한 이미지를 사용하여 예비교사들과 현직 교사들 간의 반성과 대화를 촉진할 수 있는 방법이 제시되었다. 더욱이 과학교사를 성공적으로 채용하고, 준비하고, 지원하기 위해서 고정관념에 대한 검토는 해결되고 극복되어야 할 필요가 있다.

This study examined the images of science teachers represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of science education teachers recreated in movies in as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humanity construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the image of science teachers recreated in the movies produced by Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. Images of science teachers expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Generally, images of science education teachers in the movies analyzed are positive except for some movies. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated science teachers in the movies and real science teachers, with critical perspective. Also, Hollywood should try to portray a more positive light on science teachers.

이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 교사의 이미지를 연구하는 프로젝트의 일환으로 수행되었 다. 금번 연구는 스포츠 코치의 이미지를 조사하는 데 있다. 대중문화의 사회현실 구성의 기능은 대 중의 교사에 대한 역할인식에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데, 대중문화에 나타난 교사의 역할과 모습이 현 실 속에서 대중이 생각하는 교사의 이미지와 역할에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 이러한 관 점에서 현실세계의 반영이라고 할 수 있는 교사의 이미지와는 동일하지 않을 수 있는 대중문화의 한 부류인 영화 속에 나타난 교사의 모습을 비판적으로 고찰할 필요가 있다. 또한 이 논문은 이러 한 영화 속에 재현된 스포츠 코치의 이미지를 분석하였다. 결론적으로 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 스포츠 코치의 이미지는 거의 대부분 긍정적으로 묘사되고 있다는 점을 밝혔다.

This study examined the images of sports coaches represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of sports coaches represented in films as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humanity construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the images of sports coaches recreated in film produced by Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. Images of sports coaches expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Generally, images of sports coaches in films analyzed are positive except for some films. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated sports coaches in films and real high school coaches with critical perspective. Also, Hollywood should try to portray a more positive light on coaches.

이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 교과 교사의 이미지를 연구하는 프로젝트의 일환으로 수행되는 연구로, 금번 연구는 중등학교의 교사로서 수학교사의 이미지를 조사하는 데 있다. 대중문화의 사회현실 구성의 기능은 대중의 교사에 대한 역할인식에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데, 대중문화에 나타난 교사의 역할과 모습이 현실 속에서 대중이 생각하는 교사의 이미지와 역할에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 이러한 관점에서 현실세계의 반영이라고 할 수 있는 교사의 이미지와는 동일하지 않을 수 있는 대중문화의 한 부류인 영화 속에 나타난 교사의 모습을 비판적으로 고찰할 필요가 있다. 또한 이 논문은 이러한 영화 속에 재현된 수학교사의 이미지를 통해서 수학교사의 이미지를 분석한다. 결론적으로 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 수학교사의 이미지는 거의 대부분 긍정적으로 묘사되고 있다는 점을 밝혔다.

This study examined the images of math teachers represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of math teachers recreated in movies in as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humanity construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the image of math teachers recreated in the movies produced by Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. Images of math teachers expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Generally, images of math teachers in the movies analysed are positive except for some movies. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated math teachers in the movies and real math teachers, with critical perspective. Also, Hollywood should try to portray a more positive light on doing mathematics.

이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 각 교과 교사의 이미지를 연구하는 프로젝트의 일환으로 수행되는 연구의 하나로, 이번 연구는 대학의 선생으로서 대학교수의 이미지를 밝히는 데 있다. 대중문화의 사회현실 구성의 기능은 대중의 교수에 대한 역할인식에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데, 대중문화에 나타난 교수의 역할과 모습이 현실 속에서 대중이 생각하는 교수의 이미지와 역할에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 이러한 관점에서 현실세계의 반영이라고 할 수 있는 교수의 이미지와는 동일하지 않을 수 있는 대중문화의 하나인 영화 속에 나타난 교수의 모습을 비판적으로 고찰할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 이 논문은 이러한 영화 속에 재현된 교수의 이미지를 통해서 교수의 현재 위치를 진단하고 앞으로 어떤 종류의 변화와 그리고 그것이 어떻게 수행되어야 할지를 논의한다. 이러한 맥락에서 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 교수의 이미지는 시대에 따라 변화하고 있다는 점을 확인하였다.

This study examined the images of professors represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of professors recreated in movies in as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humankind construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the image of professors recreated in the movies produced in Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. The image of professors expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated professors in the movies and real professors, with critical perspective. Also, professors need to recognize the expectation of the public and satisfy it, to make one’s position resolute.

이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 각 교과 교사의 이미지를 연구하는 프로젝트의 일환으로 수행되는 연구의 하나로, 음악 교사의 이미지를 밝히는 데 있다. 대중문화의 사회현실 구성의 기능은 대중의 교사에 대한 역할인식에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데, 대중문화에 나타난 교사의 역할과 모습이 현실 속에서 대중이 생각하는 교사의 이미지와 역할에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 이러한 관점에서 현실세계의 반영이라고 할 수 있는 교사의 이미지와는 동일하지 않을 수 있는 대중문화의 하나인 영화 속에 나타난 교사의 모습을 비판적으로 고찰할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 이 논문은 이러한 영화 속에 재현된 교사의 바람직한 이미지를 통해서 교사의 현재 위치를 진단하고 앞으로 어떤 종류의 변화와 그리고 그것이 어떻게 수행되어야 할지를 논의한다. 이러한 의미에서 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 음악 교사는 학생들과 사회를 변화시키려고 열정적으로 노력하는 홀리스틱 교육의 이념을 구현하는 교사의 이미지를 보여 주고 있다. 다시 말해서 음악교육의 목표이라고 할 수 있는 학생들의 ‘심미적 소양’ 개발을 위한 교사들의 헌신적인 노력을 영화 속에서 읽을 수 있었다.

This study examined the images of music teachers represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of teachers recreated in movies in as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humankind construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the image of music teachers recreated in the movies produced in Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. The image of teachers expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated teachers in the movies and real teachers, with critical perspective. Also, teachers need to recognize the expectation of the public and satisfy it, to make one's position resolute.

이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 각 교과 교사의 이미지를 연구하는 프로젝트의 일환으로 수행되는 연구의 하나로, 사회과 교사의 이미지를 밝히는 데 있다. 대중문화의 사회현실 구성의 기능은 대중의 교사에 대한 역할인식에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데, 대중문화에 나타난 교사의 역할과 모습이 현실 속에서 대중이 생각하는 교사의 이미지와 역할에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 이러한 관점에서 현실세계의 교사의 이미지와는 동일하지 않을 수 있는 대중문화의 하나인 영화 속에 나타난 교사의 모습을 비판적으로 고찰할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 이 논문은 이러한 영화 속에 재현된 교사의 바람직한 교사 이미지를 통해서 교사의 현재 위치를 진단하고 앞으로 어떤 종류의 변화와 그리고 그것이 어떻게 수행되어야 할지를 논의한다. 이러한 의미에서 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 사회과 교사는 학생들과 사회를 변화시키려고 열정적으로 노력하는 교사상을 보여 주고 있다. 다시 말해서 사회과교육의 목표인 민주시민교육을 달성하기 위한 교사들의 노력을 영화 속에서 읽을 수 있었다. 다른 할리우드 영화 속의 타 교과 관련 교사와 달리 사회과 교사 관련 영화는 상대적으로 적게 제작된 편이다.

This study examined the images of social studies teachers represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of teachers recreated in movies in as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humankind construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the image of social studies teachers recreated in the movies produced in Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. The image of teachers expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated teachers in the movies and real teachers, with critical perspective. Also, teachers need to recognize the expectation of the public and satisfy it, to make one’s position resolute.

이 연구는 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 각 교과 교사의 이미지를 연구하는 프로젝트의 일환으로 수행되는 연구의 하나로, 영어 교사의 이미지를 밝히는 데 있다. 대중문화의 사회현실 구성의 기능은 대중의 교사에 대한 역할인식에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데, 대중문화에 나타난 교사의 역할과 모습이 현실 속에서 대중이 생각하는 교사의 이미지와 역할에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 이러한 관점에서 현실세계의 교사의 이미지와는 동일하지 않을 수 있는 대중문화의 하나인 영화 속에 나타난 교사의 모습을 비판적으로 고찰할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 이 논문은 이러한 영화 속에 재현된 교사의 바람직한 교사 이미지를 통해서 교사의 현재 위치를 진단하고 앞으로 어떤 종류의 변화와 그리고 그것이 어떻게 수행되어야 할지를 논의한다. 이러한 의미에서 할리우드 영화 속에 재현된 영어 교사의 이미지는 크게 영웅으로서 영어교사와 소진한 경우의 교사라는 두 가지의 대조적인 이미지를 추출할 수 있었다. 다른 할리우드 영화 속의 타 교과 관련 교사와 달리 영어 교사 관련 영화는 상대적으로 많이 제작된 편이다. 그리고 대부분이 실화를 바탕으로 제작되었기 때문에 더 큰 의미가 있다고 본다.

This study examined the images of English teachers represented in Hollywood films. This study is qualitative content analysis research that analyzes the image of teachers recreated in movies in as a part of cultural studies. Cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academics in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academics throughout the world. Characteristically interdisciplinary, cultural studies is an academic discipline aiding cultural researchers who theorize about the forces from which the whole of humankind construct their daily lives. Cultural Studies is not a unified theory, but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. Distinct from the breadth, objective and methodology of cultural anthropology and ethnic studies, cultural studies is focussed upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture and its historical foundations, conflicts and defining traits. Researchers concentrate on how a particular medium or message relates to ideology, social class, nationality, ethnicity, sexuality and/or gender, rather than providing an encyclopedic identification, categorization or definition of a particular culture or area of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the image of teachers recreated in the movies produced in Hollywood. Movies reflect the culture of the time. The movies selected for this research are mostly based on true story. The image of teachers expected by the public and recreated in movies are different from the reality. Therefore, it needs to recognize the image of recreated teachers in the movies and real teachers, with critical perspective. Also, teachers need to recognize the expectation of the public and satisfy it, to make one’s position resolute.

Previously, Shin and colleagues (2006) reported sequential deflections of encoding-related lateralization (ERL) waveforms in event-related potentials (ERPs). One of these deflections, observed at posterior electrode sites (P7/P8), started about 400 ms poststimulus, and was dependent on both memory set-size and the degree of matching between memory-sets and test probes. These suggest that there is a level at which relations among items and degree of memory access are important in visual working memory. Based on these findings the present study investigated representational quality and degree of memory access. It was hypothesized that representational quality could be lowered by competition between stimuli (local suppression), and that degree of memory access be lowered when probes only partially match memory-set stimuli (partial matching). The relative distance (close or far) and similarity (homogeneous or heterogeneous) between memory-set stimuli were varied. ERPs were recorded while participants made old or new responses to single probes preceded by memory-sets (of size 2 or 4). ERL results obtained from 33 participants showed (a) that large ERL effects were found at the P7/P8 sites with a latency of 400-700 ms from probe onset, similar to Shin et al. (2006); (b) that significant ERL activity was observed only for the homogeneous memory-sets presented far apart; and (c) that the heterogeneous memory-sets presented nearby showed significantly smaller ERL activity than set-size 2 memory-sets (representing no-suppression and complete matching). These results support a hybrid of the local suppression and partial matching hypotheses, suggesting that representational quality and degree of memory access can jointly influence visual working memory processing.

Studies have shown that stimulus representations interact in visual working memory (VWM). Using Gestalt grouping cues, we investigated how VWM representations of individual stimuli interact in grouping contexts. Two closely located colored circles (proximity) were connected or separated by a line (connectedness). These pairs were shown in memory and test arrays. Participants performed color change detection tasks in which they were asked not only to detect changes but also to locate the changed items. Color change was made to one (Experiment 1) or two (Experiment 2) item(s) in each test array. In Experiment 1, individual items grouped by both proximity and connectedness showed lower detection performance than those only by proximity. In Experiment 2, the colors of two stimuli changed in the same group (intragroup) or across different groups (intergroup). As in Experiment 1, the same grouping effect was observed in the intragroup-change condition. In addition, the change detections were better in the intragroup- than intergroup-change condition. This effect was reversed when data obtained from correctly detected (not necessarily located) trials were analyzed. Collectively, change detections of individual items differed depending on grouping strength, group membership status, and levels of data analysis, suggesting that items represented in VWM affect one another in a hierarchical structure.

Temporal Action Segmentation (TAS) assigns an action label to each frame in a sequence. While TAS has been extensively studied in contexts such as daily activities, sports, and surgical videos, its application to continuous dance motion derived from video-based skeleton data is still limited. This paper evaluates vision-based TAS for continuous dance motion using video-derived skeleton sequences, eliminating the need for wearable sensors. A labeled dance dataset was created from video clips, including multi-person scenes where each performer was extracted and treated as an individual sequence. The dataset also incorporates duet performances, which introduce greater variation in execution and recording conditions.To examine how pose representation and temporal modeling affect segmentation quality, we evaluated two skeleton settings (BODY-25 and COCO-18) and two representative Temporal Action Segmentation (TAS) models [Multi-Stage Temporal Convolutional Network++ (MS-TCN++) and Frame-Action Cross-Attention Temporal Modeling (FACT)] under a unified protocol. Both models effectively segmented dance actions from skeleton data. FACT consistently achieved higher segment-level performance than MS-TCN++, particularly in F1 and Edit scores, while BODY-25 generally outperformed COCO-18 across both models. Using BODY-25, FACT achieved F1@10 and F1@25 scores of 94.6 and an F1@50 score of 90.6, compared to MS-TCN++'s scores of 89.7, 89.7, and 89.1, respectively. These results demonstrate that both pose representation and temporal modeling materially affect segmentation quality in continuous dance motion.

Relevance has a long history of scholarly investigation and discussion in information science. One of its notable concepts is that of 'user-based' relevance. The purpose of this study is to examine how users construct their perspective on the concept of relevance; to analyze what the constituent elements (facets) of relevance are, in terms of core-periphery status; and to compare the difference of constructions of two groups of users (information users vs. information professionals) as applied with a social representations theory perspective. Data were collected from 244 information users and 123 information professionals through use of a free word association method. Three methods were employed to analyze data: (1) content analysis was used to elicit 26 categories (facets) of the concept of relevance; (2) structural analysis of social representations was used to determine the core-periphery status of those facets in terms of coreness, sum of similarity, and weighted frequency; and, (3) maximum tree analysis was used to present and compare the differences between the two groups. Elicited categories in this study overlap with the ones from previous relevance studies, while the findings of a core-periphery analysis show that Topicality, User-needs, Reliability/Credibility, and Importance are configured as core concepts for the information user group, while Topicality, User-needs, Reliability/Credibility, and Currency are core concepts for the information professional group. Differences between the social representations of relevance revealed that Topicality was similar to User-needs and to Importance. Author is closely related to Title while Reliability/Credibility is linked with Currency. Easiness/Clarity is similar to Accuracy. Overall, information users and professionals function with a similar social collective of shared meanings for the concept of relevance. The overall findings identify the core and periphery concepts of relevance and their relationships in terms of coreness, similarity, and weighted frequency.

The aims of this research were (i) to study with a sample of Argentine consumers the representations of traditional gastronomy through the free listing method; (ii) to identify consumers’ typologies according to their representation of traditional gastronomy; and (iii) to establish some methodological implications using the free listing in the study of the gastronomic field. A survey was conducted in which 249 Argentines from the Littoral area were recruited. Through a free listing task, participants were asked to mention the main foods or dishes of Argentina’s gastronomy. Twenty-eight foods, dishes or food categories were obtained that are part of the representations of Argentina’s gastronomy. The results showed a strong connection between gastronomy and the representations of the consumers with the “Asado” (CSI?=?0.289, Smith?=?0.613), the traditional and characteristic food of Argentine gastronomy. Three groups of consumers were identified, presenting differences in the representation of traditional gastronomy ( p ?<?0.05). This work is pioneering for studying gastronomy representations from the consumers’ language through the free listing method using the case of traditional Argentine gastronomy. Future directions of free listing in the gastronomic field are identified and discussed.

Traditional multifucus image fusion often requires the inclusion of edge features, blurred details, and noise pollution when perturbed by noise. To address these problems, this study proposes a method for fusing noisy multifucus images using adaptive sparse and low-rank representations. The proposed method first decomposes the image into high- and low-frequency subband coefficients using a non-subsampled shearlet transform. Subsequently, the high-frequency energy components are fused and denoised using a low-rank representation. The corresponding fusion rules are then set using an adaptive sparse representation to fuse the low-frequency subband coefficients. The final fusion result is obtained by reconstructing the fused high- and low-frequency subband coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional methods in terms of both subjective performance and objective indicators, making it a compelling fusion method for noisy multifucus images.

이 논문은 1979년에 일어난 이슬람 혁명 이후 이란의 젠더 정치와 베일 쓰 기 사이의 복잡한 관계를 탐색한다. 특히, 이란 이슬람 공화국의 현대 시각문 화가 공적인 것/사적인 것, 여성적인 것/남성적인 것, 그리고 보이는 것/보이 지 않는 것과 같은 히잡이 내포한 양가성을 재현하는 방식에 논의의 초점을 맞춘다. 혁명 정부가 새로운 국가 이미지 구축의 한 전략으로 내세운 젠더-분 리 정책에 기초한 현대 이란에서의 여성적 경험의 사회적, 정치적, 그리고 심 리적 차원을 살펴보고자 본 연구는 쉬린 네샤와 자파르 파나히의 영상 작품 에서 히잡이 공간적 은유와 트랜스젠더적 차용으로 드러나는 방식에 주목한 다. 먼저, 공공장소 속 베일을 쓴 여성들과의 다중감각적 만남을 통해 다양한 젠더적 긴장감을 목도하도록 이끄는 네샤의 2채널 비디오 설치 작품들을 들 여다본다. 이어서 남성의 베일을 그들에게 금지된 공공장소에 들어갈 수 있 는 권한으로 치환한 이란 여성 축구팬들의 이야기를 다룬 파나히의 영화 <오 프사이드> (2006)를 분석한다. 이 두 가지 사례 연구를 통해 본고는 베일 쓰 기의 시각화가 이슬람의 민족국가 형태에 내포된 양면적 가치들과 혁명 정권 의 젠더 정책에 기반한 ‘이란성’의 취약성을 드러내고자 했음을 주장한다.

This article explores multifaceted associations between gender politics and veiling in Post-revolutionary Iran. It centers on how contemporary Iranian visual art explores the ambivalence of hijab and its significance operated in various dichotomies, such as the public/the private, the feminine/the masculine, and the visible/the invisible. To address the social, political, and psychological dimensions of women’s experiences in contemporary Iran based on gendersegregation rules in the revolutionary government’s nation-building strategies, I attend to the spatial metaphor of hijab and its transgendered appropriation in the films of Shirin Neshat and Jafar Panahi. I begin with reading Neshat’s two-channel video installations which invite viewers to witness the tensions between the genders through multi-sensory encounters with veiled women in public spaces. Then, I analyze Panahi’s Offside (2006), a film about Iranian girls whose masculine veils empower them to enter the male-only public arena. Through these case studies, this article argues that the visualization of veiling underscores the ambivalence about the nation-state mode of Islam and the vulnerability of ‘Iranianness’ reliant on the revolutionary regime’s gender policy.

The teaching of French as a foreign language (FLE) and intercultural studies represents a fertile field of research for educational theorists and researchers. As a result, teachers have access to a wide range of teaching resources (both online and in print, such as textbooks). This paper examines how cultural representations are depicted in FLE textbooks published in France. Textbooks serve as the backbone of a lesson, and they are widely used by teachers. In this article, we will focus on the Alter Ego+ and Mon Alter ego textbooks for levels A1–A2, published by Éditions Hachette and used not only in France but also in many other countries. We will conduct a qualitative study of cultural representations specific to France, as well as of lessons dedicated to literature in FLE textbooks.

1261년에 니케아 제국군이 콘스탄티노플을 라틴제국으로부터 수복하지만, 이 미 비잔티움 세계의 많은 면에 서방문화의 영향이 깊게 스며든 뒤였습니다. 이 논문은 콘스탄티노플이 4차 십자군에게 함락된 1204년 이후에 저술된 비잔틴 십자군 로맨스 소설 세 작품 (‘벨산드로스와 크리산자’, ‘칼리마코스와 크리소로 이’, 그리고 ‘리비스트로스와 로담니’)에 대하여 다룹니다. 이 작품들은 현대 그 리스어로 쓰인 대중소설의 첫 예시로서 전통적으로 학계에서 연구되어 왔습니 다. 하지만 이 논문은 이 소설들이 단순히 침략자의 영향을 받아 저술된 원주민 의 문학작품이 아니라 십자군 전쟁 이후 비잔티움 사회가 고대 그리스-로마, 비잔티움, 그리고 서방의 라틴 문화적 전통성이 융합되어 탄생한 복합적인 정체 성을 가지게 되었음을 증명하는 중요한 사료임을 조명합니다. 이 소설들은 비잔 티움이 처한 당시의 역사적인 상황을 잘 반영하고 있지만, 동시에 독자층의 입 맛을 최대한 반영하여 작품을 저술해온 비잔티움 문학시장의 전통을 거스르고 있습니다. 1204년을 기점으로 비잔티움 사회는 매우 반서방적으로 변화했다고 전통적으로 이해되어 왔습니다. 하지만 주인공들을 기사도 정신에 입각한 라틴 영웅들로 묘사한 작가들의 선택으로 보았을 때, 비잔티움은 기존의 이해와는 달 리 문화적 정치적으로 단면적이고 통일된 사회가 아니었다는 사실을 이 작품을 중심으로 당시의 역사적 상황을 살펴보았을 때 알 수 있습니다.

Despite the recovery of Constantinople in 1261 by the Nicaean forces, a wide spectrum of the Byzantine world had already been heavily soaked with western cultural influences. This paper examines the three key post-1204 Byzantine crusade romances (Belthandros and Chrysantza, Kallimachos and Chrysorrhoe, and Libistros and Rodamne), which have traditionally been studied as early examples of modern Greek popular literature, as historical evidence that reflects the vital amalgamation of the classical Greco-Roman, Byzantine, and western Latin cultural identities rather than being mere literary allusion. The literary structure of these works is in accordance with the historical condition of Byzantium at the time; yet, they are evident aliens to its preexisting tradition of literary production and market system. Byzantium after 1204 has been traditionally understood as being predominantly anti-western by the scholarship. However, their authorial fashioning of the protagonists as chivalrous Latin heroes strongly suggests that Byzantium was not at all a culturally and politically monotonous society.

본 연구는 1990년부터 2023년까지 한국 언론에서 아프리카인이 어떻게 재현되어 왔는지를 분석하고, 그 재현의 성격과 변화 양상을 탐구하였다. 분석 자료는 국내 94개 주요 언론사의 온 라인 기사로 구성된 BigKinds 데이터베이스에서 수집하였다. 본 연구는 텍스트 마이닝과 토픽 모델링(Latent Dirichlet Allocation, LDA) 기법을 활용하여 언론 담론 속 주요 주제와 반복되는 패턴을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 아프리카인은 한국 사회 내부보다는 주로 국제적 사건과 연관된 맥락에서 언급되며, 전반적으로 미디어에서의 존재감이 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국내 보 도에서 아프리카인은 종종 분쟁, 빈곤, 이국성 등의 서사로 묘사되어, 아프리카 정체성에 대한 외부 중심적이고 제한된 이해를 드러냈다. 다문화 정책 확산 이후 일정 부분에서 보도의 다양화 가 이루어졌지만, 고정적이고 전형적인 재현 방식은 여전히 지속되고 있다. 이러한 결과는 한국 내 아프리카 공동체의 일상적 현실을 반영하는 보다 포괄적이고 맥락적인 미디어 재현의 필요 성을 시사한다.

This study examines how Africans are represented in South Korean media from 1990 to 2023, focusing on the nature and evolution of these portrayals. The analysis draws on online news articles from the BigKinds database, which compiles reports from 94 national and regional outlets. Using text mining and topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), the study identifies dominant themes and recurring patterns in media discourse. Findings reveal that Africans are underrepresented and mostly mentioned in connection with major international events rather than within South Korea’s domestic context. When they appear, portrayals often emphasize conflict, poverty, or exoticism, reflecting an externally oriented understanding of African identities. Although some diversification has occurred since the rise of multicultural policies, stereotypical depictions persist. These results underscore the need for more inclusive and contextually grounded representations that reflect the everyday realities of African communities in South Korea.

본 연구는 1990년부터 2023년까지 한국 언론에서 아프리카인이 어떻게 재현되어 왔는지를 분석하고, 그 재현의 성격과 변화 양상을 탐구하였다. 분석 자료는 국내 94개 주요 언론사의 온 라인 기사로 구성된 BigKinds 데이터베이스에서 수집하였다. 본 연구는 텍스트 마이닝과 토픽 모델링(Latent Dirichlet Allocation, LDA) 기법을 활용하여 언론 담론 속 주요 주제와 반복되는 패턴을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 아프리카인은 한국 사회 내부보다는 주로 국제적 사건과 연관된 맥락에서 언급되며, 전반적으로 미디어에서의 존재감이 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국내 보 도에서 아프리카인은 종종 분쟁, 빈곤, 이국성 등의 서사로 묘사되어, 아프리카 정체성에 대한 외부 중심적이고 제한된 이해를 드러냈다. 다문화 정책 확산 이후 일정 부분에서 보도의 다양화 가 이루어졌지만, 고정적이고 전형적인 재현 방식은 여전히 지속되고 있다. 이러한 결과는 한국 내 아프리카 공동체의 일상적 현실을 반영하는 보다 포괄적이고 맥락적인 미디어 재현의 필요성을 시사한다.

This study examines how Africans are represented in South Korean media from 1990 to 2023, focusing on the nature and evolution of these portrayals. The analysis draws on online news articles from the BigKinds database, which compiles reports from 94 national and regional outlets. Using text mining and topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), the study identifies dominant themes and recurring patterns in media discourse. Findings reveal that Africans are underrepresented and mostly mentioned in connection with major international events rather than within South Korea’s domestic context. When they appear, portrayals often emphasize conflict, poverty, or exoticism, reflecting an externally oriented understanding of African identities. Although some diversification has occurred since the rise of multicultural policies, stereotypical depictions persist. These results underscore the need for more inclusive and contextually grounded representations that reflect the everyday realities of African communities in South Korea.