Earticle

The purpose of this study is to examine how text augmentation in elementary English influences listening, writing and recognition of classroom English words and how these variables relate to and predict one another. For this purpose, two classes of third grade students were selected: one group of participants learned ten classroom English words using both verbal instruction and written text, while the other group received only verbal instruction with no text augmentation. Then the participants of both groups were tested for listening, writing and recognition immediately after receiving the lesson, and then once more after a two-week delay. The group instructed with text and spoken language had consistently higher rates than the group instructed with spoken language alone. As for the immediate test, the results suggest that the participants instructed with text and spoken language showed greater differences in listening, writing and recognition compared to those instructed with spoken language alone. Although there was no significant difference in the listening, the results showed significant differences in writing and recognition from the delayed test. Both groups showed a significant correlation between the abilities in the immediate and delayed tests. Listening and recognition ability appear to predict other abilities over fifty percent.

본 연구에서는 5, 6세 유아의 음운인식 능력, 읽기 능력, 이야기 구성 능력과의 관계를 알아보았다. 음운인식 능력과 읽기 능력 간에 상관관계가 있고, 읽기 능력과 이야기 구성 능력간에 상관관계가 있고, 음운인식 능력과 이야기 구성 능력 간에 상관관계가 있다면, 음운인식 능력을 기르기 위해 한글에 대한 자·모의 결합 원리와 소리와의 대응 학습 즉, 자소·음소의 대응 규칙과 자모체계의 원리를 적용한 말소리의 결합을 경험 할 수 있는 환경이 제공되어져야 할 것이다. 유아의 음운 인식 능력과 읽기 능력과 이야기 구성 능력은 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며, 음운인식 능력이 우수할수록 읽기 능력이 우수하였고, 읽기 능력이 우수할수록 이야기 구성능력이 우수하였고, 음운인식 능력이 우수할수록 이야기 구성 능력이 우수하였다. 5, 6세 유아의 읽기 능력 단계가 높을수록 이야기 구성 능력과 음운인식 능력이 높다는 본 연구의 결과에 따라 유아의 음운인식 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 교수전략이 필요하다.

본 연구는 범죄자의 정신병질 경향성에 지능과 정서인식력이 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 재소자 87명을 대상으로 PCL-R, ERT-R, K-WAIS-IV를 실시하고, ERT-R 하위척도, K-WAIS-IV하위점수와 PCL-R의 하위척도와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 정서인식력, 지능과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 ERT-R 하위척도와 K-WAIS-IV 하위척도를 독립변수로 하고 각각 대인관계, 정서성, 생활양식, 반사회성과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 또한 PCL-R총점과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 연령, 혼인․동거 경험, 수용시설복역전과를 통제변수로 투입한 후에 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, ERT-R은 PCL-R의 하위척도 중 대인관계와 정서성과 유의한 부적 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, K-WAIS-IV는 PCL-R의 하위척도 중 생활양식과 반사회성과 유의한 부적 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 PCL-R의 대인관계척도와 정서성척도가 높을수록 낮은 정서성을 보이며, 생활양식척도와 반사회성척도가 높을수록 낮은 지능과 상관이 있을 수 있다는 가능성을 의미한다. 정신병질 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점이 논의되었다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of emotional recognition capabilities and intelligence on factors of psychopathic tendencies measured by Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R). Total of 87 participants involved in this study were Korean inmates in prison. Variables of the effect on intelligence were measured with the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Ⅳ(K-WAIS-Ⅳ) and the recognition task of facial expressions was performed with Emotional Recognition Test-Revised(ERT-R), respectively. According to regression analysis using the SPSS, there were negative correlation between subscales of ERT-R and subscales of psychopathic tendencies, Interpersonal, Affective and subscales of K-WAIS-Ⅳ and subscales of psychopathic tendencies, Lifestyle and Antisocial. As a result. The limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are discussed.

본 논문에서는 사이코패스(psychopaths)의 손상된 인지기능과 정서인식능력을 설명하는 전두엽기능손상가설(Frontal lobe dysfunction hypothesis)과 폭력억제 메커니즘 모델(Violence inhibition mechanism model)을 바탕으로 국내 유 사집단에 있어서도 동일한 형태의 신경심리학적 손상이 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 교정시설의 수용자　38명을 표집한 후 이들에게 한국판　PCL-R의 검사를 실시하여 사이코패스 집단과 비사이코패스 집단으로 분류하였다. 이 들 두 집단의 전두엽 집행기능을 살펴보기 위해서는 스트룹 검사(Stroop Test)와 위스콘신카드분류검사(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test)를 시행하였으며, 정서인식능력을 측정하기 위해서는 ERT-R(Emotional Recognition Test -Revised)을 시행하였다. 통제변수로서 피검자의 지능수준을 지정하였는데, 지능을 측정하기 위해서는 한국판 웩슬 러 지능검사(K-WAIS)를 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 사이코패스 집단과 비사이코패스 집단 간에는 지능에 있어 유의미 한 차이가 존재하지 않는 반면 전두엽 집행기능에서는 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 정서인식력 검사에서는 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 본 논문의 사이코패스로 분류된 범죄자들의 집행기능이 통제집단에 비하여 상대적으로 더 낮다는 연구결과는 서구의 실증연구들과 일맥상통하는 결과로서 국내의 형사사법체계 내에서도 일부 범죄자들의 신경학적 손상 치료를 위한 차별화된 치료 및 처우 프로그램의 개발이 시급하다는 사실을 시사해 준다.

This article is based on the frontal lobe dysfunction hypothesis and integrated emotion system model related to executive function and emotional recognition abilities of the psychopath and investigates whether the same types of frontal lobe dysfunction and damage to emotional recognition abilities occur in similar groups within the country. For specific research design, PCL-R was conducted with inmates in prisons and based on the results, psychopathic criminals and non-psychopathic criminals were classified. In order to investigate the executive function and emotional recognition in each of two groups, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and a revised version of Emotional Recognition Test were administered. As for the control variable, intelligence of the subjects was measured by Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. As a result of the three tests, there were differences between groups, as we expected. Psychopathic criminals showed lower performance ability than did the non-psychopathic group in terms of executive function. However, there was no significant difference in the Emotional Recognition Test. In conclusion, the result that psychopath criminals were showed relatively lower executive function means a specific treatment program are needed to care some criminals who have neurological dysfunction, in the Criminal Justice System.

본 연구의 목적은 놀이마음챙김명상이 ADHD 아동의 주 증상과 정서 정서인식능력 능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울 근교에 위치한 건강증진센터에 내방 경험이 있는 아동 중 ADHD 진단을 받은 초등학교 저학년 아동이었다. 놀이마음챙김명상 집단에 11명, 대기-통제 집단에 10명을 무선 할당하였고 놀이마음챙김명상 집단은 한 회기 당 60분씩 4주 동안 8회기의 프로그램에 참여하였다. 측정 도구는 한국판 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 평가척도(K-ARS)와 정서인식능력 검사(ERT)를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 놀이마음챙김명상 집단이 대기-통제 집단에 비해 주 증상[F(1,18)=20.49, p<.001]이 유의하게 감소하였고, 정서인식능력[F(1,18)= 5.46, p<.05]이 유의하게 증가하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 놀이마음챙김명상 프로그램이 ADHD 아동의 주 증상을 개선시키고, 정서인식능력을 증가시키는데 효과가 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구에 대한 제언이 논의되었다.

The objective of this study was to verify the effects of play-mindfulness meditation on main symptoms and emotional recognition ability in children with ADHD. The subjects were 21 elementary lower grade students who were previously diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder and visited at health promotion center located near Seoul. The children were randomly assigned to either a play-mindfulness meditation application group (n=11) or a waiting-control group (n=10). Play-mindfulness meditation group participated and completed 8 treatment sessions with 4 weeks. Each session was 60 minutes long. The measurement tools used for the study were Korean ADHD Rating Scale(K-ARS) and Emotional Recognition Test(ERT). The results of study were as follow: play-mindfulness meditation application group showed significant improvement of symptoms by[F(1,18)=20.49, p<.001] and emotional recognition ability by[F(1,18)=5.46, p<.05] compared to waiting-control group. The results suggest that play-meditation can be an effective treatment to improve symptoms and emotional recognition ability for children with ADHD. Finally the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to design and develop integrated game system for experiential walking exercise. Existing walking exercise is performed outside, so it is influenced by external weather, temperature, time, place and other situation information. Therefore, it is necessary to have an experiential walking exercise game that can induce the recommended level of physical activity for the elderly who have a low interest in health care. The experiential exercise game requires a vision - based system to recognize motion and a smart mat that can recognize walking information. We also developed a walking exercise program to improve the sense of balance and cognitive ability of elderly people. There are 4 types of Walking Exercise Games: 5 levels for beginner, intermediate, and advanced difficulty levels.

본 연구는 공감능력에 따라 정서적 얼굴표정의 미세한 변화를 인식하는 정도와 정서인식의 단서가 되는 안면부위를 확인하고자 하였다. 높은 공감집단(18명)과 낮은 공감집단(18명)을 대상으로, 정서가가 낮은 강도(0%)에서 높은 강도(100%)까지 2%간격으로 몰핑한 세 가지 정서적 얼굴표정(분노, 두려움, 행복) 사진을 순차적으로 제시하여 정서적 얼굴표정이 나타내는 정서를 인식하는 순간에 반응하도록 하였다. 이를 통해 정서적 얼굴표정의 인식 정확성과 민감성을 측정하였으며, 인식의 단서가 되는 안면부위를 안구운동 추적장비를 이용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과, 정서인식의 정확성 분석에서는 높은 공감집단이 낮은 공감집단보다 행복 얼굴표정을 더 정확하게 인식하였으며, 정서인식의 민감성 분석에서는 높은 공감집단과 낮은 공감집단 모두 행복 얼굴표정을 분노나 두려움 얼굴표정보다 더 낮은 강도에서 인식하였다. 안구운동의 경우, 높은 공감집단이 낮은 공감집단보다 행복 얼굴표정에서 입 영역에 시선을 더 자주, 오랫동안 고정시켰다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 높은 공감집단이 행복 얼굴표정을 더 정확하게 인식하였으며, 행복 얼굴표정을 정확하게 인식하기 위해 입과 입주위의 단서를 더 많이 사용하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과를 통해 높은 공감능력을 지닌 사람이 긍정 정서를 더 정확하게 인식하고 긍정 정서를 인식할 때 얼굴의 특징을 더 효율적으로 사용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which individuals recognize the facial expressions of increasing intensity and determine which areas of the face stimulates the recognition of emotion by empathy ability using an eye-tracker. The participants who were high empathy group (N=18) and low empathy group (N=18) viewed sequences of pictures of neutral faces (0% expression) that changed to happy, fearful, or angry faces of full-intensity (100% expression). Participants were asked to answer the facial expression as soon as they were able to recognize what it was and were measured eye movements for determining which areas of the face provoke the recognition of emotion. Results showed that the high empathy group recognized happy face more accurately and displayed significantly increased fixations and dwell time on the mouth area in happy face than the low empathy group. The findings of these results suggest that individual with higher empathy ability recognize positive facial expression more accurately and use facial features more efficiently when recognize positive emotional face.

본 연구는 정서인식 명확성과 대인관계 능력의 관계에서 자기연민과 적응적 정서조절방략의 매개효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 정서를 명확하게 인식하고 적응적인 정서조절방략을 선택하는 심리적 기제로써 자기연민을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 성인 358명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정서인식 명확성, 자기연민, 적응적 정서조절방략, 대인관계 능력 간 상관관계가 유의미한 정적 상관을 확인하였다. 둘째, 정서인식 명확성과 대인관계 능력의 관계에서 자기연민과 적응적 정서조절방략의 이중매개효과가 나타났다. 그러나 자기연민과 적응적 정서조절방략이 매개하는 효과는 유의미하지 않았다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였다.

This study tried to examine the mediating effect of self-compassion and adaptive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between emotional recognition clarity and inter-personal ability. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 358 early adults aged 20-40 in Gyeonggi-do. The research results are as follows. First, a significant positive correlation was confirmed between clarity of emotion recognition, self-compassion, adaptive emotion regulation strategy, and interpersonal ability. Second, there was a partial double mediating effect of self-compassion and adaptive emotion regulation strategy in the relationship between emotional recognition clarity and interpersonal ability. In other words, emotional recognition clarity directly increases interpersonal ability, indirectly increases self-compassion, and increases interpersonal ability by allowing adaptive emotion regulation strategies to be used. Based on these research results, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.

이 연구는 중학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 자유학기제 수업 적용이 자기주도적 학습능력 및 개인의 행복도, 인성, 진로인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대하여 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 소재의 3개 중학교 1학년 총 200명을 대상으로 2015년 8월 24일부터 10월 17일까지 실시하였다. 본 연구의 측정도구로 자기주도적 학습능력은 알아보기 위하여 자기주도적 학습능력 검사지는 현정숙(1999)이 개발한 검사지를 재구성하여 실시하였고, 행복도와 인성, 진로에 관한 내용은 황혜정(2015)의 연구에서 사용한 설문지를 수정, 보완하여 파악하였다. 연구결과를 보면 첫째, 자유학기제 수업 적용에 따른 자기주도적 학습능력 중 자아개념, 내적동기, 자율성에서의 사전-사후 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자유학기제 수업 적용에 따른 행복도, 인성, 진로인식 중 인성은 사전-사후 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 행복도와 진로인식의 경우 사전-사후 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

This study is to investigate how self-directed learning ability and individual happiness, personality, and career recognition affect the application of free-fall semester classes to junior high school students. The subjects of this study were 200 students from Gyeonggi-do Korea. In this study, Self-directed Learning Ability Test was conducted by Hyun-Sook Hyun (1999) to reconstruct the self-directed learning ability. Measures of happiness, personality, and career recognition used in Hwang Hye-jung’s (2015) study was revised and supplemented. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was statistically significant difference in self-concept learning ability, self-motivation, and autonomy among self-directed learning ability according to the application of free semester class. Second, there was a statistically significant difference in pre-post test personality between happiness, personality, and career recognition according to the application of free semester class. However, there was no statistically significant difference in pre-post test between happiness and career recognition.

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 노인접촉경험과 노화지식이 노인차별인식에 영향을 주는 관계에서 공감능력의 매개 효과를 검정하고자 하였다. 연구목적을 위해 2018년 12월 20일~30일까지 J도 D대학 학생 355명에게 설문조사를 실 시하였다. 조사자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였 다. 매개효과의 통계적 유의성은 Sobel의 검증을 통해 확인하였다. 분석결과 노인접촉경험과 노인차별인식의 영향 관계 에서 공감능력의 부분매개효과가 검증되었다. 또한 노화지식과 노인차별인식 간에도 공감능력의 부분매개효과가 검증 되었다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 대학생의 노인차별인식을 개선하기 위해서 노화지식 함양과 노인 접촉경험을 확장 하고 공감능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 실질적인 교육 및 훈련프로그램 개발의 필요성을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of empathy in relation to contact experience of the elderly and their knowledge level of ageing. For this study data was collected from 20th Dec. to 30th of Dec. 2018 355 university students from D university in J. province were surveyed. Data was analysis by using reliability test, correlation analysis, hierarchical multiful regression analysis. The statistical significance of the mediating effects was confirmed by Sobel's verification. The results of the analysis showed that the partial mediation effect of empathy was verified with regard to the relationship between elderly contact experience and discrimination of elderly people. In addition, the partial mediation effect of empathy was verified between level of aging knowledge and the perception of elderly discrimination. The results of this study confirmed the necessity of developing practical education and training programs to improve the level of aging knowledge and to increase contact experience with elderly people. There is also a need to enhance empathy in order to improve the awareness of discrimination against elderly people in health and welfare departments among university students.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 기본간호술 중요성 인식, 자기주도적 학습능력, 기본간호술 수행자신감 간의 관계 및 기본 간호술 수행자신감의 영향요인을 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 자료수집은 2017년 12월 18일부터 22일까지 G군 소재 간호대 학생 171명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분석방법은 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관관계, 단계적 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 분 석결과 기본간호술 수행자신감은 기본간호술 중요성 인식과 자기주도적 학습능력과 유의한 정적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 기 본간호술 수행자신감에 대한 영향요인은 자기주도적 학습능력, 실습태도, 기본간호술 중요성 인식, 직전 학기 성적으로 총 변화량의 32%를 설명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 간호대학생의 기본간호술 수행자신감을 높이기 위해서 자기주도적 학습능력, 실습태도, 기본간호술 중요성 인식을 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 교육 전략이 필요하다.

This study was conducted to examine the correlations between recognition of the importance, self-directed learning ability(SDLA), and confidence in performance regarding basic nursing skills, and to identify the influencing factors on confidence in performing the basic nursing skills in nursing students. Data were collected from 171 nursing students from December 18 to 22, 2017. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Confidence in performance of basic nursing skills showed significant positive correlations with SDLA and recognition of importance. SDLA, practice attitude, and recognition of importance, and grade in last semester accounted for 32% of the variance, were significant predictors influencing confidence in performance of basic nursing skills. Thus, various educational strategies are necessary to improve SDLA, practice attitude and recognition of importance in order to increase the confidence of nursing students in performance of basic nursing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate self management and subjective chewing ability and providethe basic information to research of healthy life of old people from development of education and method fordental health of denture patient. Methods: From 15th or August to 15th of September in Daegu and Gyeong-buk, denture patients were targetedfor a survey. Data from 295 people were analyzed. Results: Adjusted R2 of oral health and denture satisfaction of an object of study increased to 24.9% (F=20.460,p<.001). Adjusted R2 of denture custody and method of sterilization was 37.8% and Adjusted R2 of recognitiondenture satisfaction of chewing effect was 14.4% which affect to most(F=9.274, p<.001). Conclusion: In conclusion denture condition, denture custody, method of sterilization, chewing effect influenceoral health, healthy life of patients who have denture.

Kim, Buja. “A Study on the Acquisition of English Verb Subcategorization Features by Korean College Students.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 39.3 (2013): 131-167. The purpose of this study was to examine the acquisition of English verb subcategorization features by Korean college students. On the basis of the meaning of verb constructions produced according to subcategorization features, 42 verbs associated with 21 subcategorization features were selected. For the study, 102 low-intermediate fresh students at a Korean university participated in a grammaticality judgment test, an English to Korean translation test, and a Korean to English translation test. The grammaticality judgment test designed to examine the ability to recognize the correct subcategorization feature of a given verb showed that subcategorization features for 22 verbs were recognized by more than half of the participants. The English to Korean translation test designed to examine the ability to understand the meaning of a sentence generated according to a subcategorization feature revealed that sentences produced according to subcategorization features for 34 verbs were comprehended by more than half of the participants. The Korean to English translation test designed to examine the ability to produce a sentence according to a subcategorization feature showed that correct sentences on the basis of subcategorization features for 11 verbs were produced by more than half of the participants. The participants' ability to produce sentences according to subcategorization features was significantly low compared to their ability to recognize correct subcatgorization features and to understand sentences produced according to subcategorization features. (Seoul Christian University)

“Enhancing the Recognition and Retention Ability of Spoken English Expressions through Literary Work Reading.” Studies on English Language & Literature. 37.2(2011): 291-318. This study is to explore how effective it is to recognize and retain the spoken English expressions when a literary text is used for reading. There are lots of spoken expressions in a literary text. Also it is argued that literary texts[esp. prose types] contain 'the context of situation' to be useful for communicative language skills. In this study the controlled group which handled some native speaker-contrived dialogues with the target expressions and the experimental group which handled some authentic literary works with the original expressions[the same target expressions] were compared and analyzed to check out the difference of the outcome for the recognition and retention ability of spoken English expressions under the same conditions. This study that was administered in a few ways[ie., paper tests as a main way and progress observation and a questionnaire as auxiliary ways] showed that the experimental group did better than the controlled group in recognizing and retaining the spoken English expressions. So it is concluded that literary texts should be strongly recommended as a very useful tool to learn very authentic spoken English expressions for communication. (Kongju University)

본 연구에서는 물온도계 만들기 활동이라는 구체적 탐구 상황에서 과학 영재 중학생들의 통합 탐구 능력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 과학 영재 학생들은 문제 인식, 가설 설정, 변인 통제에서 요구하는 형식적인 기능에 대해서는 잘 알고 있었으나 연구 문제, 가설, 변인의 구체적 표현 능력은 부족하였다. 그리고 통제변인의 경우는 그 필요성을 인식하는 학생은 거의 없었다. 즉, 연구 대상의 과학 영재 중학생들은 과학 탐구 기능의 형식적 측면 위주로 이해하는 수준이었고 구체적 탐구 상황에서 통합 탐구 기능을 사용하는 능력은 부족하였다. 따라서 과학 영재 교육에서 학생들의 창의적 문제 해결 능력을 향상시키기 위해서 각 탐구 기능을 구체적 실험 활동 속에서 표현해보는 기회를 확대해야 할 것이다.

In this study, we analyzed the integrated inquiry ability of science gifted middle school students in the specific inquiry situation called water thermometer making activity. As a result of the analysis, the science gifted students were well aware of the formal functions required in problem recognition, hypothesis establishment, and variable control, but the concrete ability to express research problems, hypotheses establishment, and variable control was very poor. In case of control variables, few students recognized the necessity. In other words, the science gifted students stayed in the level of understanding the scientific inquiry theoretically and lacked the ability to use the integrated inquiry skill in the specific inquiry situation. Therefore, in order to improve students' creative problem solving ability in science gifted education, it is necessary to expand the opportunity to express each inquiry skill in concrete experimental activities.

본 연구는 대학생의 협업 경험, 인식에 따른 협업 능력의 차이를 알아봄으로써 대학생의 협업 역량 강화에 도움이 되고자 실시되었다. 본 연구는 서울, 수도권 3개 대학 재학생 539명의 자료 에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 협업 수준은 부족한 것으로 나타났으므로 협업 경험의 기회가 확대되어야 할 것이다. 협업 보상 유형은 구성원의 노력 여하에 따른 차등 보상을 원하고 있었으므로 합리적인 보상시스템 마련이 필요하다. 둘째, 협업 경험이 많고 리더로 활동한 경험과 긍정적 성과 경험이 있을 경우 협업 능력이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 협업의 효과를 극대화하여 긍정적 경험을 할 수 있도록 팀 구성에 대한 고려, 즉 팀 구성 방식, 역할과 업무에 대한 균등한 배분 등에 대한 대안이 마련되어야 한다. 또한 개인 의 커뮤니케이션 능력 개발, 리더십 향상 등의 교육도 병행되어야 한다. 셋째, 협업의 필요성에 대해 긍정적 견해를 가지고 있는 사람이 중립 및 부정적 견해를 가지고 있는 사람보다 협업 능력이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 교수자는 협업의 주제와 상황을 고려 하여 팀 구성 방식에 대한 효과적인 방법이 무엇인지 고민해야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 대학생들의 협업 능력 교육을 위한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 협업 능 력 향상에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 규명함으로써 효과적인 협업 교육에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to find out the difference of collaboration ability according to college student 's experience of collaboration and perception, so as to help strengthen the collaboration ability of college students. This study analyzed the data of 539 students from three metropolitan areas in Seoul. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, the level of collaboration among college students is insufficient, so the opportunities for collaboration experience should be expanded. The cooperative compensation type requires differential compensation according to the effort of the members, so it is necessary to provide a reasonable compensation system. Second, the ability to collaborate is high when there are many collaborative experience, experience as leader, and positive experience. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the team composition to maximize the effect of collaboration and to have a positive experience. In addition, education such as personal communication skills development and leadership improvement should be done in parallel. Third, it was found that those who had a positive opinion on the necessity of collaboration had higher ability to collaborate than those who had a neutral and negative viewpoint. Therefore, the instructor needs to consider the effective way to form a team by considering the subject and situation of collaboration. This study can be used as a basic data for the training of college students' ability to collaborate, and it will be helpful for effective cooperative education by empirically identifying the factors influencing the improvement of collaboration ability.

The present study aimed to explore the role of spelling recognition ability (the ability to accurately recognize written word forms) in online text comprehension and self-assessment of language proficiency in L2 learners. Twenty-one university EFL learners participated in the experiment. Spelling recognition ability was measured by a spelling recognition test in which participants identified wrongly-spelled words. Online reading comprehension ability was measured by having participants read English narratives that contained inconsistent pieces of information and observing whether they detected the inconsistency as reflected in slowed reading time. The results suggest (i) that L2 learners with strong spelling recognition ability are sensitive to inconsistent information while reading and (ii) that spelling recognition ability is significantly correlated with self-assessed reading skill but not with self-assessed speaking skill. The findings support the important role of spelling recognition ability in L2 reading comprehension. Research and pedagogical implications are discussed.

The synthesized macrocycle L was found to be a smart fluorescent receptor which distinguishable efficiently from various neutral molecules with the functional groups such as the electron donating (X =$CH_3$, N($CH_3$)$_2$ and O$CH_3$) and electron withdrawing groups (X =F and Cl), respectively. In the case of guest molecules containing electron donating groups, the fluorescence of macrocycle L was enhanced in the presence of the guest molecules. On the contrary, in the case of guest molecules containing electron withdrawing groups, it was almost quenched in the presence of those.