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Rural people of Sudan are endowed with a deep knowledge concerning the utilization of different tree species. However research on the local knowledge related to tree species utilization still lacks adequate attention. The study objectives were to identify the existing local knowledge related to the utilization of the tree species and the existing threats to the availability of the trees. A total of 300 respondents were selected randomly from Rashad district in Nuba Mountains in 2011. Semi-structured interview, direct observation, group discussion, preference ranking and direct matrix ranking were used to collect the data. The study results revealed that people of Nuba Mountains utilize different tree species for food, medicinal purposes, fodder, firewood, construction and cultural ceremonies. The study results also indicated that the availability of trees is negatively influenced by firewood collection, agricultural expansion, drought, overgrazing and charcoal production. The study concluded that local knowledge has crucial role in tree species utilization in Nuba Mountains. Further researches to document and substantiate the local knowledge on useful tree species are highly recommended.

Selection of superior phenotypes of fruit trees and products based on established criteria by local people is a prerequisite for future species domestication and conservation. Thus the study objective was to identify the local people’s perceptions and preferences on baobab trees and products. A sample of 142 respondents was randomly selected using structured interviews in Blue Nile and North Kordofan, Sudan in 2013. Descriptive analysis was employed using SPSS and Excel programs. The study results indicated that local people use the morphological characteristics of the tree (leaves, fruits, seeds, kernels and bark) to differentiate individual trees. Based on the perceptions, local people recorded trees with delicious leaves, white pulp color, big fruit size and mature capsule size, and high pulp yield as criteria for differentiating between baobab trees in the study areas. In contrast, the undesirable traits were connected to trees with acidic pulp, slimy pulp, bitter leaves, and low pulp yield. The study concluded that the ethnobotanical knowledge of the baobab tree and its products may play an important role in tree domestication and improvement in Sudan. However, further research on tree genetics is needed to complement the ethnobotanical knowledge for baobab resources domestication and conservation.

An understanding of dietary knowledge will most likely inform the consumption of healthy foods. Studies have shown that local (ofada) rice is superior to other rice brands in terms of protein and minerals crucial for overall mental and physical well-being. This study, therefore, examined the effect of households’ dietary knowledge on the consumption of local (ofada) rice, using a simultaneous equation system that accommodates censored dependent variable and continuous endogenous dietary knowledge. The study used survey data from 600 rice consumers’ households in southwest Nigeria and hypothesized that dietary knowledge affects the consumption of local (ofada) rice. The results revealed that dietary knowledge is significantly influenced by factors such as being a household meal planner and presence of household member(s) on a special diet. Dietary knowledge, as hypothesized, was found to positively influence the consumption of local (ofada) rice, as were some sociodemographic variables. The study recommends that effective dietary education about health and other benefits of consuming local (ofada) rice should be developed to promote its consumption in Nigerians’ diets.

본 연구는 암묵적 지식의 습득이 중국의 첨단기술산업에 있어서 생산성 향상과 혁신에 얼마나 많은 영향을 미치는가에 관한 연구를 실시해 보았다. 연구대상 및 연구방법은 山西省(運城市)의 첨단 기술기업 5곳을 대상으로 하여 상관관계 분석 및 계층적 회귀 분석을 사용하였다. 우선 이를 위해 총 150부의 설문지가 배포되었고 109부의 설문지가 회수되었다. 설문지는 네 가지 측면에서 고안되었다. (1)개인정보와 관련한 영역에는 연 령, 성별, 근무년수, 교육 수준 및 업무 부서가 포함되었다. (2)암묵적 지식획득은 종류로 는 인지적 암묵적 지식획득과 기술 암묵 지식획득으로 구성되었다. 또한 (3)조직 학습 (4)혁신성과에는 제품 혁신 및 서비스 혁신이 포함되었다. 문헌 연구를 토대로, 본 연구에 서는 암묵적 지식 습득, 조직 학습 및 혁신 성과에 관한 연구 모델과 네 가지 연구 가설을 수립하였다. 이러한 가설은 상관 분석, 회귀 분석 및 계층적 회귀 분석의 방법을 사용하여 검증하었다. 이러한 과정에서 첫째, 109부의 설문지에 관한 기술적 통계 분석을 수행하였 고, 둘째 설문지에 관한 신뢰성과 타당성을 검증해 보았으며, 다음으로 회귀 분석과 계층 적 회귀 분석을 실시하여 가설검증을 진행했다. 연구 결과에 따르면 (1)암묵적 지식 획득 의 수준은 혁신 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 기술적 암묵 지식의 영향은 인지적 암묵 지식의 영향보다 더 높게 나타났다. (2)특히 조직 학습은 기업의 혁신 성과와 핵심경쟁력 에 상당한 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있으며.(3)기술적 암묵 지식 습득은 조직 학습에 긍정적 인 영향을 미쳤다. (4)조직 학습은 암묵적 지식 획득과 혁신 성과 사이의 관계에서 매개 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 금번 연구 결과에서는 실제로 다음과 같은 의미가 있었다.(1)첨단기술 기업은 암묵적 지식의 습득과 공유에 주의를 기울여야 하며 대학이나 연구 기관과 협력 할 수 있는 더 많은 기회를 찾아야 하고 (2)첨단기술기업은 암묵적 지식을 보다 잘 습득하고 변형하고 공유하고 효율성을 높이기 위해 지식 관리 시스템을 구축해야 한다. (3)또한 회사 내에서 양호한 학습 문화를 구축하고 직원들이 지식을 공유하도록 권장해야 한다. 사실 본 연구에서는 비록 제안된 가설을 입증했지만, 다음과 같은 연구의 한계점이 있다. 우선, 연구대상이 되었던 표본의 수에 있어서 단지 5개의 기업만이 조사 대상으로 선정되며 그 결과는 제한적일 수 밖에 없었다. 또한 경험적 연구에서 종속 변수인 혁신을 포함하지 않은 관계로 연구의 완전성 측면에서 다소 미흡하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 기술 혁신과 경영 혁신을 추가하여 연구의 깊이를 보다 구체적으로 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

This research examined the relationship between tacit knowledge acquisition and innovation performance, using a sample of five local high-tech enterprises in Yun Cheng, Shan Xi Province. The methodology was literature review and questionnaire. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to the five companies and 109 were collected. The questionnaire was designed in 4 parts: (1) employee's personal information including gender, age, education level, working years, working departments. (2) tacit knowledge acquisition including cognitive tacit knowledge acquisition and technical tacit knowledge acquisition. (3) organizational learning (4) innovation performance including product innovation and service innovation. Based on the literature review, the research model about the tacit knowledge acquisition, organizational learning and innovation performance was built and the 4 hypotheses were put forward. In order to test the four hypotheses, the method of correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data. First, the author did a descriptive analysis to the 109 questionnaire from the aspects of gender, age, educating level, working level, working department. Then, the reliability and validity test was approached. Next, the method of correlation analysis, regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results are the following :(1) The level of tacit knowledge acquisition has a positive effect on innovation performance, and the effect of technical tacit knowledge is higher than that of cognitive tacit knowledge; (2) Organizational learning has a significant positive effect on innovation performance; (3) Cognitive tacit knowledge acquisition has a significant effect on organizational learning, and technical tacit knowledge acquisition has a positive effect on organizational learning; (4) Organizational learning plays a mediating role in the relationship between tacit knowledge acquisition and innovation performance. The research results lead to the practical implications: (1) High-tech enterprises should pay more attention to the acquiring and sharing of the tacit knowledge and strive more opportunities to the cooperations with universities and research institutes. (2) High-tech enterprises should set up knowledge management system in order to improve the efficiency of knowledge acquisition, sharing, and transferring. (3) High-tech enterprises should furtherly build up good learning culture and encourage employees to improve themselves and communicate with others. Although this empirical research tested the proposed hypotheses, it has some limitations. First, The sample is too small, only five enterprises were selected and the result was limited. Then, in the empirical research, the dependent variable of innovation performance was divided into two dimensions and it was not complete. In the future study, the evaluation to innovation performance would be more specific like technology innovation and management innovation.

연구는 암묵적 지식의 습득이 중국의 첨단기술산업에 있어서 생산성향상과 혁신에 얼마나 많은 영향을 미치는 가에 대해 연구해 보았다. 연구대상 및 연구방법은 山西省(運城市)의 첨단 기술기업 5곳을 대상으로 하여 상관관계 분석 및 계층적 회귀 분석을 사용하였다. 이를 통해 암묵적 지식획득 수준, 조직 학습 및 핵심 경쟁력 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과에 따르면 암묵적 지식 획득의 수준은 핵심 경쟁력에 상당한 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 기술적 암묵지식의 영향은 인지적 암묵지식의 영향보다 더 높은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 조직학습은 회사의 핵심 경쟁력에 상당한 긍정적 영향을 미치며, 인지적 암묵지식의 습득은 조직학습에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않고, 기술적 암묵지식 습득은 조직학습에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조직 학습은 암묵적 지식획득 수준과 핵심 경쟁력 간의 관계에 있어서 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study examined the relationship between tacit knowledge acquisition and innovation performance, using a sample of five local high-tech enterprises in Yun Cheng, Shan Xi Province. The method of Correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the level of tacit knowledge acquisition had a positive effect on innovation performance, and the effect of technical tacit knowledge was higher than that of cognitive tacit knowledge; Organizational learning had a significant positive effect on innovation performance; Cognitive tacit knowledge acquisition had no effect on organizational learning, and technical tacit knowledge acquisition had a positive effect on organizational learning; Organizational learning played a mediating role in the relationship between tacit knowledge acquisition and innovation performance.

The study examined the perceived benefits and knowledge level of the mushroom farmers on mushroom production in selected local governments area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 143 respondents using questionnaire and interview schedule. From the result it was affirmed that the majority (63.0%) of the respondents were males, also about 81.8% of the farmers were married. Radio (96.5%) was the most common source of information available to farmers, seconded by family and friends 86.0%. Based on the distribution of the knowledge level of farmers in mushroom production (63.6%) of the farmers had highest knowledge in mushroom production with the mean score (9.28). Majority (64.3%) of the mushroom farmers perceived mushroom production to be of benefit to them, with the mean score (10.35). It was concluded that majority of the farmers that had knowledge of mushroom production needs training in some specific aspects of the production process. It is recommended that research institutes, extension agents and Non-governmental organizations needs to organize training to enlightened and provide necessary information needed to the farmers on mushroom production.

본 연구는 대학의 지식자본이 지역의 기업활동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 1단위 대학보유특허 수, 대학의 과학저널 논문 수, 현재 활동기업 수, 지역보유 산업재산권 표준편차의 증가는 신생지식집약기업의 수를 각각 15%, 11%, 54%, 22% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 대학의 지식자본과 지역의 지식자본과의 상호작용을 보여주는 계수도 통계적으로 유의성을 보였다. 한편 지역적 특성을 반영하고 있는 통제 변수 중에서 서울로 부터의 거리를 제외한 지자체의 면적, 인구밀도, 그리고 각 지자체에 살고 있는 20~40대 비중 등은 모두 90% 이상의 통계적 유의성을 보이면서 신생지식집약기업의 창업에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 대학의 지식자본과 지역산업의 지식자본이 동시에 존재함으로서 지식집약기업의 창업에 주는 시너지 효과는 작지만 존재하는 것으로 보이며 두 주체의 소유 지식자본은 지역의 지식집약기업의 창업에는 상호 보완재로서의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of university knowledge capital on the local business activity in the Korean local governments in the year 2015. We found that the increase of the standard deviation of university patent, scientific publications, incumbent firms, and industrial property rights raised the number of new knowledge-intensive firms to 15%, 11%, 54%, and 22%, respectively, in the local economy. In addition, the coefficient which reflects the interaction effects of the knowledge capital between universities and local industries was significant in the given area in the year. On the other hand, in the control variables, the coefficients for the size of local government, population density, and percentage of 20s~40s out of the total population in the local government were significant, showing above 90% level except for the variable of the distance between a local government and Seoul. In particular, when the knowledge capital of the university and industry coexists, the synergistic effect which has influence on the foundation of knowledge-intensive firms was meaningful despite the small scale, and these two types of knowledge capital could be complementary in creating new knowledge-intensive firms in the Korean local economy.

본 연구는 환경동태성이 한국에 진출한 다국적기업 해외자회사들의 사회적 자본에 어떠한 영향을 미치고, 이러한 사회적 자본이 자회사의 현지시장 지식획득에 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 환경동태성을 고객동태성, 경쟁동태성, 기술동태성 을 내포한 것으로 보고, 이러한 환경동태성이 해외자회사가 현지 협력업체들과 구축한 사회적 자본에 영향을 미쳐, 자회사의 현지시장 지식획득에 영향을 미치는지를 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 다국적기업 해외자회사 167개를 표본으로 조사를 하였다. 실증분석 결과 고객, 경쟁, 기술 동태성 모두 해외자회사의 사회적 자본에 긍정적인 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 해외자회사의 사회적 자본은 현지시장 지식획득에 유의 한 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 코로나와 같은 예측 불가능하고, 변화가 심한 환경 내에서 기업들이 신뢰를 기반으로 구축한 사회적 자본이 활성화될 수 있음을 제시함으로써 사회적 자본 구축을 위한 전략적 방안을 모색하게 할 수 있다.

This study seeks to examine how environmental dynamics affect the social capital of foreign subsidiaries of multinational companies operating in Korea, and how this social capital affects the foreign subsidiaries' acquisition of local market knowledge. In other words, this study examines whether environmental dynamics, including customer dynamics, competitive dynamics, and technological dynamics, affect the social capital that foreign subsidiaries build with local partners, and whether this social capital influences the foreign subsidiaries' acquisition of local market knowledge. For this purpose, a sample of 167 foreign subsidiaries of multinational companies operating in Korea was surveyed. The results of the empirical analysis showed that customers, competition, and technological dynamics all have a positive effect on the social capital of foreign subsidiaries. In addition, the social capital of foreign subsidiaries was confirmed to have a significant impact on local market knowledge acquisition. The results of this study can lead to the search for strategic ways to build social capital by suggesting that social capital built by companies based on trust can be activated in an unpredictable and highly changing environment such as COVID-19.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effects of health literacy and stroke knowledge on adherence to self-carebehavior among the elderly with ischemic stroke. Methods: The participants were 92 outpatients aged 65 or olderwith ischemic stroke, who were visiting the neurology or neurosurgery departments of two general hospitals inChungcheongbuk-do between November 20, 2018, and April 9, 2019. The SPSS/WIN 23.0 program was usedto analyze descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: Themean age of participants was 73.25±5.72 and the proportion of men was 71.7%. The average score for healthliteracy, stroke knowledge, and adherence to self-care behavior were 9.26±2.32, 10.34±2.53, and 81.67±14.72,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in adherence to self-care behavior according to livingand time since stroke. Adherence to self-care behavior and health literacy showed a statistically significant positivecorrelation with stroke knowledge. Stroke knowledge, living alone, and time since stroke(less than one year) weresignificantly related to the adherence to self-care behavior. This regression model explained 24.0% of the variancein the adherence to self-care behavior. Conclusion: To improve the adherence to self-care behavior in the elderlywith ischemic stroke, it is necessary to develop and implement educational program for those who live alone andwho have experienced stroke less than one year previously.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an education program on the knowledge of medication and prevention of depression in the elderly at a local community. Methods: This study utilized the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty consecutive people were included in this study for the experimental group, and another 30 people were allocated to the control group. The program was performed once a week for 3 weeks. Data were collected from March 15 to April 30, 2010 and statistical analyses were performed by x^2-test and independent t-test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the knowledge of medication, depression and medication compliance between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that an education program for the knowledge of medication and prevention of depression in the elderly with chronic disease could improve their knowledge of medication and their medication compliance, and decrease their depression. These results suggest that education of knowledge with social psychology can be an effective and practical method of management to the elderly with chronic disease at local communities.

본 연구에서는 한국에 있는 다국적기업 해외자회사들을 대상으로 현지 고객 및 협력업체로 부터 현지시장 지식을 획득하는데 영향을 미치는 요인을 구조적 자본, 인지적 자본, 관계적 자본 등 세 가지 차원의 사회적 자본 관점에서 실증적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 세 가지 차원의 현지국 사회적 자본을 통해 해외자회사가 획득한 현지시장 지식이 다국적기업 본사에 서 활용되는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 253개의 다국적기업 해외자회사를 대상으로 조사를 하였으며, AMOS(7.0 version)과 SPSS(15.0 version)을 사용하여 수집 된 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 해외자회사의 현지국 구조적 자본은 인지적 자본과 관계적 자본에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으나, 현지국 인지적 자본은 관계적 자본에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 현지국 인지적 자본과 관계적 자본은 해외자회사의 현지시장 지식획득에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤지만, 구조적 자본은 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 해 외자회사가 현지국 이해관계자들과 구축한 사회적 자본을 통해 습득한 현지시장 지식이 다국적기업 본사에서 활용되는 것으로 확인되었다.

Studies on firm's social capital and knowledge acquisition have been received much attention and well developed in the last decade. However, the effort to find the relationship between the social capital of foreign subsidiary and the local market knowledge acquisition is scare. To fill the gap, this study examines the relationship both among the structural, cognitive and relational dimensions of social capital and between those dimensions and the local market knowledge acquisition by foreign subsidiary and reverse knowledge transfer by reviewing a vast range of available literature on this subject. After the review of exant studies, this study designs a research model and proposes hypotheses. Based on the collected 253 foreign subsidiaries in Korea, the proposed model is testified with the SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 is supported. The analysis indicates that structural capital of foreign subsidiary can positively influence on cognitive and relational capital. However, cognitive capital of foreign subsidiary has no effect on relational capital. Also, cognitive and relational capital of foreign subsidiary are significantly related to local market knowledge acquisition by foreign subsidiary, which in turn have a significant effect on local market knowledge utilization by parent firm in MNCs. The result discuss the implication to motivate social capital in the context of local market of foreign subsidiary.

기업이 경쟁우위를 확보하기 위해서는 자원기반이론에 따라 양질의 자원을 구축하고, 자신의 역량을 높여야 한다. 다국적기업 해외자회 사는 과거 본사에 의존하던 수동적인 역할에서 탈피하여, 현재는 현지국에서 자원을 개발하여, 역량과 성과를 창출함으로써 다국적기업의 경쟁우위를 높이고 있다. 다국적기업 해외자회사는 현지의 다양한 이해관계자들과 신뢰, 호혜성 등과 같은 관계자본을 형성하여, 자신들 의 역량을 발전시켜 높은 성과를 달성할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 다국적기업의 해외자회사가 현지의 이해관계자와 형성한 관계자본을 자회사 자원으로 보고, 자회사의 지식통합 메커니즘을 역량으로 간주하여, 관계자본과 지식통합 메커니즘, 그리고 자회사의 현지시장 지 식획득의 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 살펴보기 위해 한국에 진출해 있는 167개의 다국적기업 해외자회사로부터 데이터를 수집하였 다. 실증 분석결과, 다국적기업 해외자회사와 현지 이해관계자 사이의 관계자본이 자회사의 공식적, 비공식적 지식통합 메커니즘에 미치 는 영향이 확인되었고, 이러한 지식통합 메커니즘이 자회사의 현지 시장 특유 지식획득에 영향을 준다는 사실이 드러났다. 그에 비해, 관계 자본은 자회사가 현지 시장 특유 지식을 습득하는 데 직접적으로 작용하지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구 결과는 해외자회사가 현지시장 특유의 지식을 습득하여 활용하기 위해 반드시 필요한 자원과 역량에 대한 시사점을 제안할 수 있다.

In order for a company to secure a competitive advantage, it must build quality resources and enhance its capabilities according to the resource-based theory. Foreign subsidiaries of MNCs are breaking away from the passive role of relying on the HG in the past and are now developing resources in the host country and creating capabilities and performance, thereby enhancing the MNCs’ competitive edge. Foreign subsidiaries of MNCs can develop their capabilities and achieve high performance by forming relational capital such as trust and reciprocity with various local stakeholders. Therefore, this study regarded the relational capital formed by the foreign subsidiary of MNCs with local stakeholders as a foreign subsidiary resource, and the foreign subsidiary's knowledge integration mechanism as a capability, and attempted to analyze the relationship between relational capital, knowledge integration mechanism, and the subsidiary's acquisition of local market knowledge. To examine this, data were collected from 167 foreign subsidiaries of MNCs operating in Korea. Empirical analysis results confirmed that the relational capital between MNCs foreign subsidiary and local stakeholders has an impact on the subsidiary's formal and informal knowledge integration mechanisms, and revealed that these knowledge integration mechanisms affect the foreign subsidiary's acquisition of local market-specific knowledge. In contrast, it was found that relational capital did not directly contribute to subsidiaries acquiring local market-specific knowledge. The results of this study can suggest implications for the resources and capabilities that are absolutely necessary for foreign subsidiaries to acquire and utilize knowledge unique to the local market.

신용리스크 관리에 해당하는 부도예측모형은 기업에 대한 신용평가라고도 볼 수 있으며 은행을 비롯한 금융기관의 신용평가모형의 기본 지식기반으로 새로운 인공지능 기술을 접목할 수 있는 유망한 분야로 손꼽히고 있다. 고도화된 모형의 실제 응용은 사용자의 수용도가 중요하나 부도예측모형의 경우, 금융전문가 혹은 고객에게 모형의 결과에 대한 설명이 요구되는 분야로 설명력이 없는 모형은 실제로 도입되고 사용자들에게 수용되기에는 어려움이 있다. 결국 모형의 결과에 대한 설명은 모형의 사용자에게 제공되는 것으로 사용자가 납득할 수 있는 설명을 제공하는 것이 모형에 대한 신뢰와 수용을 증진시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 머신러닝 기반 모형에 설명력을 제고하는 방안으로 설명대상 인스턴스에 대하여 로컬영역에서의 설명을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 설명대상의 로컬영역에 유전알고리즘(GA)을 이용하여 가상의 데이터포인트들을 생성한 후, 로컬 대리모델(surrogate model)로 연관규칙 알고리즘을 이용하여 설명대상에 대한 규칙기반 설명(rule-based explanation)을 생성한다. 해석 가능한 로컬 모델의 활용으로 설명을 제공하는 기존의 방법에서 더 나아가 본 연구는 부도예측 모형에 이용된 재무변수의 특성을 반영하여 연관규칙으로 도출된 설명에 도메인 지식을 통합한다. 이를 통해 사용자에게 제공되는 규칙의 현실적 가능성(feasibility)을 확보하고 제공되는 설명의 이해와 수용을 제고하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 블랙박스 모형인 인공신경망 기반 부도예측모형을 기반으로 최신의 규칙기반 설명 방법인 Anchor와 비교하였다. 제안하는 방법은 인공신경망 뿐만 아니라 다른 머신러닝 모형에도 적용 가능한 방법(model-agonistic method)이다.

Thanks to the remarkable success of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) techniques, a new possibility for its application on the real-world problem has begun. One of the prominent applications is the bankruptcy prediction model as it is often used as a basic knowledge base for credit scoring models in the financial industry. As a result, there has been extensive research on how to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. However, despite its impressive performance, it is difficult to implement machine learning (ML)-based models due to its intrinsic trait of obscurity, especially when the field requires or values an explanation about the result obtained by the model. The financial domain is one of the areas where explanation matters to stakeholders such as domain experts and customers. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to incorporate financial domain knowledge into local rule generation to provide explanations for the bankruptcy prediction model at instance level. The result shows the proposed method successfully selects and classifies the extracted rules based on the feasibility and information they convey to the users.

본 연구는 국제합작투자 상황에서 합작기업을 통한 신흥국 현지파트너기업의 지식습득이 해당 기업의 재무성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 더 나아가 해당 기업의 지식습득과 재무성과의 관계에 대한 산업의 경쟁정도와 기술변화속 도의 조절효과를 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 신흥국인 태국 내 국제합작기업의 현지파트너기업을 대상으로 설문을 통해 수집한 자료를 바탕으로 분석한 결과, 국제합작기업을 통한 현지파트너기업의 해외파트너기업으로부터의 지식 습득은 해당 기업의 성장성 및 수익성 측면의 재무성과를 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산업의 경쟁정도와 기술변화속도는 국제합작기업을 통한 현지파트너기업의 지식습득과 해당 기업의 재무성과의 관계를 긍정적으로 조절 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해, 산업의 경쟁정도와 기술변화속도가 높을수록 국제합작기업을 통한 현지파트너기업 의 지식습득은 해당 기업의 성장성 및 수익성 측면의 재무성과를 더 크게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 중요한 결론을 제시하고 학문적, 관리적 시사점 및 향후 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

This study aims to investigate the effect of local partners’ knowledge acquisition through International Joint Ventures in emerging countries on their financial performance and the moderating effects of industry rivalry and technological change on the relationship between local partners’ knowledge acquisition and their financial performance. Based on the data collected through a survey from Thai local partners in international joint ventures located in Thailand, results showed that local partners’ knowledge acquisition through international joint ventures significantly increased their financial performance in terms of both growth rate and profitability. Results further revealed that industry rivalry and technological change positively moderated the relationship between local partners’ knowledge acquisition through international joint ventures and their financial performance in terms of both growth rate and profitability. Put differently, with an increase of industry rivalry and technological change, local partners’ knowledge acquisition through international joint ventures had stronger positive effects on their growth rate and profitability. Based on these results, the study presented some key conclusions and discussed academic and managerial implications and future research.

최근 다국적기업의 경쟁우위 창출에 있어 해외자회사의 역할이 중요시 되면서 상대적으로 부족했던 해외자회사의 현지시장에서의 지식획득에 관한 논의가 점차적으로 주목을 받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 해외자회사의 시장지향성, 현지시장 지식획득, 그리고 자회사 성과와의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 즉, 해외자회사가 시장지향성 조직문화를 통해 구축할 수 있는 현지시장 지식획득의 영향요인으로 해외자회사 잠재적 흡수능력, 현지국 관계적 체화성, 그리고 해외자회사의 학습경험을 고려하였다. 또한 이렇게 획득된 현지 시장지식이 자회사의 성과에 영향을 미치는데 있어 자회사의 실현적 흡수능력의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 253개의 다국적기업 해외자회사를 대상으로 조사를 하였으며, AMOS(7.0 version)과 SPSS(15.0 version)을 사용하여 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 해외자회사의 시장지향성은 자회사의 잠재적 흡수능력, 현지국 관계적 체화성, 그리고 자회사 학습경험 모두에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 현지국 관계적 체화성, 자회사 학습경험은 자회사의 잠재적 흡수능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면 앞선 세 요인들과 현지시장 지식획득 간의 관계에 있어서는 해외자회사의 잠재적 흡수능력만이 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 또한 해외자회사 현지시장 지식획득은 자회사 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이들의 관계에 있어 자회사의 실현적 흡수능력이 조절효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

In response to an increased need of balancing pressures for global integration and local responsiveness, foreign subsidiaries are demanded to play a prominent role in creating and transferring knowledge, valuable for the multinational corporation (MNC). In this context, a key managerial problem pertains to identifying the relationship between local market knowledge acquisition of foreign subsidairy and performance. If companies want to acquire local market knowledge, they should precede market orientation. Especially, foreign subsidiary that takes charge of business activities in unfamiliar environment has to obtain various factors to acquire local market knowledge. Prior to this, it’s most important that companies construct organizational culture which leads them to fully understand the desire of local customers and the strategy for the local market. This study is to examine that the market orientation of foreign subsidiary influences on the local market knowledge acquisition and performance of foreign subsidiary through variables of the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary, the local relational embeddedness, and the learning experience of foreign subsidiary. Also this study identify the moderating effect of realized absorptive capacity between the local market knowledge acquisition and performance of foreign subsidiary. For a more realistic approach the data was collected from foreign subsidiaries in South Korea. 253 samples were used for this analysis with AMOS (7.0 version) and SPSS (15.0 version). Collected samples were tested by factor analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients and were found to be satisfactory in terms of validity and reliability. Furthermore, fitness of the measurement model was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis and fitness of the model for hypothesis testing was adequate on various goodness of fit indices. There are following empirical results. First, the market orientation of foreign subsidiary has a significant effect on the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary, the local relational embeddedness, and the learning experience of foreign subsidiary. Second, the local relational embeddedness, and the learning experience of foreign subsidiary have an effect on the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary, Third, the potential absorptive capacity of foreign subsidiary only play a significant role on the local market knowledge acquisition. Finally, the realized absorptive capacity play a significant role in moderating between the local market knowledge acquisition and performance of foreign subsidiary. Even though this study tried hard to provide meaningful results and implications, there still are some limitations. First, since we had selected foreign subsidiaries as subjects of the analysis, we only chose the ones that run their business only in Korea. Thus, it may not be appropriate to argue that the result of this study can be applied to other countries, because of different cultures and systems. Second, this study put restraints on the subjects of the analysis by selecting only foreign subsidiaries of MNCs currently operating production and sales in Korea. Accordingly, it is hard to say that the result of this study can be adapted to other subsidiaries which were established under different purposes such research and development or resource development. Finally, since we only got the response from one personnel per each corporation, the result of the analysis can be biased by subjectivity of the respondent. In other words, the problem of common method bias can occur. To settle those problems, further studies could use the second source added to questionnaire to minimize such problem, for example, getting a multiple response from one subsidiary, or using more objective measurements such as an introduction rate of technology acquired in local market in measuring the level of local market knowledge acquisition.

Top management's will was considered most positive by all of the surveyed local businesses, followed by organizational culture, information technology, evaluation and reward, and organizational structure in order. When influences of educational background on factors of success in knowledge management were analyzed, it was found that such background was affecting organizational structure at the significance level of 0.01 and information technology and top management's will at that of 0.05. Those who were more educated responded that success in knowledge management were dependent more on top management's will. but less on organizational structure. Concerning effects of organizational position on factors of success in knowledge management, it was found that such position was influencing top management's will at the significance level of 0.01 and organizational structure at that of 0.05. Those who were higher in organizational position responded that success in knowledge management were dependent less on top management's will, but more on organizational culture, and evaluation and reward. It as generally agreed among the surveyed businesses that knowledge management is a key strategy for business survival in the 21st century. To utilize knowledge management as their strategy, Korea's businesses should change their recognition of such management, reform their organizational culture, have CEOs of strong conviction and will and firmly establish their own information technology. It is necessary to make recognized the importance of knowledge management and culture knowledge management culture. If a person has a strong conviction or will of achieving goals by using intellectual efforts, creative imagination and necessary information, such information can be regarded as a proper knowledge. In conclusion, knowledge enterprises should strengthen their ability of knowledge use by associating their competition strategies with knowledge management. They also need to positively invest in the capture and new development of knowledge and build up infrastructures for knowledge management.

본 연구는 지역특산물의 체험마케팅이 소비자의 지역특산물 브랜드에 대한 브랜드지식, 지역특산물 구매의도와 관광지 재방문의도에 영향을 미치는 과정을 구조방정식 모형으로 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 지역브랜드 체험은 지역특산물 구매의도에 직접적인 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 소비자의 브랜드지식 구축을 통하여 간접적으로 지역특산물 구매의도에 영향 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 브랜드자산 구축을 통한 간접적인 영향력이 직접적인 영향력보다 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 브랜드체험은 관광지 재방문의도에 직접적으로 또는 간접적으로 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 본 연구는 지역특산물 판매자에게 소비자가 브랜드 체험활동을 하는 동안 브랜드를 반복 노출하거나 기억력증대법을 이용하여 브랜드 인지도를 향상시키고 소비자가 긍정적이고 호의적이고 독특한 브랜드 연상을 가질 수 있도록 노력해야 함을 제안하고 있다.

This study develops a conceptual model that shows the process how brand experience of a typical local product affects brand knowledge, purchase intention and revisit intention of tourist destination. Research shows that purchase intention of a typical local product is directly affected by brand experience as well as indirectly affected by consumers’ brand knowledge. The indirect path via consumers’ brand knowledge has stronger influence on purchase intention than the direct path. In addition, consumers’ brand experience has an influence on revisit intention of tourist destination directly or indirectly. This paper suggests that marketers should try to enhance consumers’ brand awareness by repeating brand name or creating mnemonic devices during brand experience process. Additionally, marketers should endeavor to help consumers have positive, strong, and unique brand association about the local brand.

본 논문에서는 지식관리도구의 효율적인 이용전략에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 선행연구를 검토, IT지향 도구와 인간지향도구로 범주화하여 공통적인 지식관리도구 목록을 작성한 후, 지식관리의 선도조직으로서 C 자치단체의 여섯 개 전문가집단을 대상으로 지식관리 실태를 분석해보았다. 분석결과, 먼저 기술적 도구로서 인트라넷의 이용수준이 가장 높았는데 이는 IT 중심의 지식인프라가 어느 정도 정착되어 있음을 의미한다. 전체적으로는 인간지향적 도구의 이용수준이 기술적 도구의 이용수준보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 흡수역량과 관련된 기술적인 도구의 이용수준은 매우 저조했는데 이는 해당조직의 구성원들이 외부지식의 습득에 개방적이지 않음을 시사하고 있다. 셋째, 흡수, 통합역량과 관련된 비기술적인 도구의 이용수준은 매우 높게 나타났는데 이는 비기술적인 도구가 기술적인 도구와 보완관계에 있으며 또한 새로운 지식을 얻는 중요한 통로가 되고 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 결과는 해당조직이 IT지향적 지식관리전략만으로는 효율적으로 지식을 관리할 수 없으며 따라서 조직의 지식관리전략 수립 시 처음 단계부터 기술적, 비기술적 도구들에 대하여 균형잡힌 병렬적인 인식을 갖고 각각의 도구가 갖고 있는 가치를 고려하여 그러한 도구들을 조직전체의 목표달성을 위해 보다 효율적이고도 지혜롭게 접근해야 함을 분명히 해주고 있다.

The purpose of this article is to measure how knowledge management(KM) is being implemented in six CoPs of C Province, and to diagnose its KM strategies by means of various KM instruments used in it. I reviewed existing articles concerned with KM instruments and field research, and draw up a useful list of the most commonly used instruments in KM, categorizing them as IT-oriented tools and Human-oriented tools. First, the results show that the intranet as an IT-oriented instrument is used well, which we can interpretate knowledge infrastructure has been anchored in some degree in this organization. But totally the use of Human-oriented instruments is higher than that of IT-oriented instruments. Second, nevertheless, the use of IT-oriented instruments, concerned with absorption capability is very low, which shows the members in this organization are not open-minded for the acquisition of knowledge from outside. Third, the use of Human- oriented instruments, concerned with absorption and integration capabilities is very high, which means Human-oriented instruments complement IT-oriented instruments and at the same time they can become the corridors of the members getting useful knowledge in this organization. These results show that in practice, the local government can't do KM effectively on by IT-oriented strategies, that thus, it should set up the juxtaposed and balanced strategies of KM in the first steps, and consider the appropriate values of them and use them effectively and wisely to accomplish the goals of the given local government.

This study aims to analyse orally transmitted traditional knowledge of dye and fiber plants utilized in the local communities of Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Data was collected through the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method involving interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions, and overt observations with semi-structured questionnaires. Field investigations were conducted through 23 sites from July, 2008 to April, 2010. 49 key informants (17 men and 32 women) were interviewed who have lived over 50 years around the areas of investigation. The average age of the informants was 80 (from 61 to 96 years old). Dye plants were recorded six species, Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm., Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc., Diospyros kaki Thunb., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Persica riatinctoria H.Gross and Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis. Fiber plants were recorded three species, Cannabis sativa L., Gossypium ndicum Lam. and Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.