Earticle

목적 : 본 연구는 수예공작 프로그램을 이용하여 자폐아동과 지적장애아동의 시지각 효과를 비교함으로써 그 필요성을 밝히고자 한다. 연구방법 : 선정기준에 따라 자폐아동 10명, 지적장애 아동 10명을 선별한 후 시지각 프로그 램을 적용하였다. 사용된 수예공작 프로그램은 수예공작을 치료로 적용하고 있거나 적용 한 경험이 있는 전문가에 의해 의뢰되고 만들어졌다. 항목에 들어가는 것은 도예작업, 모 빌공예작업, 밀가루 반죽작업, 지점토작업, 골판지공예작업, 칼라믹스작업이 선택되었다. 이 프로그램은 4주 동안 일주일에 두 번 적용하였고, 치료 전후의 효과를 확인하기 위해 MVPT-3를 사용하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 수예공작 프로그램이 자폐아동과 지적장애아동 모두 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 수예 공작 프로그램 적용 후 각각을 비교하였을 때, 지적장애아동에게 더 높은 효과가 있었다. 결론 : 수예공작 프로그램이 자폐아동과 지적장애아동의 시지각 기능 발달에 영향을 미친다 는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Objective : We try to show the necessity of crafts and arts comparing visual perception of autism with that of mental retardation using craft programmes. Methods : We applied a visual perception programme after sorting 10 autism and 10 mental retardation according to criteria. A used craft programmes are consulted and produced by specialist who are applying crafts as treatment or have experienced applying crafts. The items included potter, mobile art, wheat flour kneading, clay, corrugated cardboard work and color mix work. We applied the programmes twice a week during 4 weeks and used motor-free visual perception test-third edition(MVPT-3) to investigate the effect before and after treatments. Results : First, craft programmes had effect on both autism and mental retardation. Second, craft programmes had more effect on mental retardation. Conclusion : We could know that craft programmes influenced on visual perceptional development of autism and mental retardation.

목적 : 이연구의 목적은 현재 임상에서 많이 사용 중인 DTVP-2와 MVPT-R을 사용하여 일반아동의 시지각을 평가하고, 두 검사의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다.연구방법 : 2003년 5월 13일부터 2003년 8월 29일까지 대전과 익산에 위치한 유치원을 다니는 일반 아동 62명을 대상으로 DTVP-2 와 MVPT-R의 검사를 실시하였다.결과 : DTVP-2와 MVPT-R 점수와의 상관관계에서는 두 평가도구 PQ에서 r=0.583이고 PA에서는 r=0.731로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. DTVP-2의 하위항목 간 대상 연령대별 평균을 보면 Copy영역에서 연령별 평균이 가장 높았고, SR, VC, VMC항목에서 연령별 평균점수가 낮게 나왔다. DTVP-2와 MVPT-R의 검사-재검사를 통한 신뢰도 검사에서 신뢰계수가 r=0.95로 높은 신뢰성을 보였다. 아동의 일반적인 특성과 시지각 발달의 영향에서 시각운동통합 지각지수(VMIPQ)에는 익산지역과 부모(어머니)의 학력 중 대졸인 경우가 유의하게 높았으며, 운동감소 시지각지수(MRVPQ)에서는 남자아동이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 학습지, 학원수강, 선수학습은 아동의 시지각 발달에 영향을 미치지 않았다.결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 MVP-R과 DTVP-2 간에 높은 상관관계를 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 추후 이들 도구의 올바른 적용을 위하여 충분한 표본을 대상으로 국내의 표준화 자료의 마련이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual perception tested by DTVP-2 and MVPT-R, which are currently used in clinics and to find correlation between the two tests.Methods : We checked the visual perception of 62 preschoolers in Daejeon and Iksan between May 13, 2003 and August 29, 2003 by using DTVP-2 and MVPT-R.Results : The correlation between DTVP-2 and MVPT-R scores was very significant resulting in r=0.583 from PQ and r=0.731 from PA on both measurement tools. The mean scores of the subjects’ age classified in subordinate items of DTVP-2 were the highest in Copy area and low in SR, VC, VMS items.Conclusion : The study sees high correlation between DTVP-2 and MVPT-R. The national standard data gathered by sufficient number of regional children are necessary for further appli-cation of both the measurement tools.

The purpose of this study was correlation between handwriting skills and visual perception. Thirty six children who were first and second grade students in S elementry school in Kim-Hae. They administered the K-DTVP-2 and Handwriting skill test. It was conducted from November, 22, 2004 to December, 3, 2004. The data were analysed with non-paired t-test and pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed GVP score was significant different in grade and gender and MRP score was significant different in grade. VMI score was significant different in grade and VMI score and handwriting score were correlation in grade, age and gender. MRP score and handwriting score were correlation in grade, age and gender and K-DTVP-2 score and handwriting score were correlation in grade, age and gender. In conclusion, Visual Perception and handwriting skill were relationship in grade, age and gender. So, there must be several evaluation standard to show norm data and next step of study will be relationship between visual perception and handwriting skills in handicapped children.

This study begins to the question of the structural utility that could be observed in the space aimed for Infants. The drawing of them is organized in the simple way show the adaptive structure based on their general minds. The principle of simplicity provides the useful basis, as the physical space to pursue efficiency. In this study, The simplicity was analyzed the characteristics of the vertical -horizontal, the circle and the oblique structure, as the adaptive structure related to the visual perception of them and was organized by leveling and sharpening which was categorized into the dominant attribute of it. In short, The vertical -horizontal structure resulted in array based on the regular interval and reflectional symmetry by the two dimension. The circle structure resulted in radial symmetry by the three dimension and honeycomb structure. The oblique structure resulted in logarithmic spirals and self similarity transformations. The types are likely to compose the experience depending on the transcendental structure of early childhood and their cognitive architecture including the high suitability for the space.

본 연구는 광주광역시가 디자인 비엔날레를 통하여 세계적 건축가들에게 의뢰해서 설치한 10개의 광주폴리를 대상으로 시지각 특성을 평가․분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 광주폴리의 이미지 선호도는 시각적 기본요소로서 입체, 면, 선의 세 가지 요소를 모두 가지고 있는 형태가 가장 선호되고 있으며, 형용사 쌍에 대한 시지각 특성은 대부분의 이미지에서 ‘조형성’과 ‘안정성’, ‘창조성’의 설명력이 높음을 알 수 있다. 이는 형태적으로 주변경관에 비해 강한 대조를 보이는 폴리는 평가자들로 하여금 시각적 즐거움 보다는 혼란스러움을 더 주고 있는 것을 의미하며, ‘통일성’이 강한 폴리의 경우는 조금 더 다양한 형태적 요소의 도입이 필요함을 의미한다. 따라서 앞으로는 광주폴리가 이용자들이 광주폴리를 충분히 인지하고 접할 수 있도록 장소적 특색에 맞는 형태적 배려가 필요하다. 아울러 실용적 목적을 겸용 하도록 하여 시각적 즐거움을 갖는 형태 중심에서 체험적 즐거움을 갖는 공간 중심으로의 관점 변화가 요구된다.

This study examined the visual perception of Gwangju Follies designed by 10 well-known international architects by request of Gwangju Metropolitan City during the Gwangju Design Biennale. The results were as follows. The most preferred image of Gwangju Folly was the type with all visual elements of a solid, a plane, and a line. The characteristics of visual perception for adjective pairs showed high explanation in 'formativeness', 'stability', and 'creativity' in most images. It suggested that folly which showed formatively stronger contrast than surrounding scenery gave judges confusion rather than visual enjoyment and folly with strong 'unity' needed to introduce more diverse formative elements. Thus, formative consideration suitable for place characteristics is necessary for users' sufficient recognition of and contact with Gwangju Folly. Then, with more practical purposes, Gwangju Folly should change its viewpoint from formation-focused visual enjoyment to space-focused happy experience.

This study is aimed at understanding objectively on the visual perception and the typological character of space and form in contemporary architecture. It is accomplished to compose the various form and the typical space in contemporary architecture, which by means of applying digital technology to architecture is able to materialize complicated form and space. Spatial types are able to interpret geometrically and analyze quantitatively into spatial structure and visual perception. This analysis is applied to Isovist and Space syntax used as quantitative analysis recently, and physical analysis of space used as quantitative analysis defined to vertical elements, which is analyzed comparatively to spatial structure and visual perception in observer's point and characteristics in spatial elements. As examples are analyzed to spatial structure and visual perception, this study is intended to understand to spatial character in aspects of spatial composition and observer's visual perception. In results of perceptive and spatial analysis on four spatial examples, Spatial structure is circuit type and concentric type. Circuit type is related to movement and composed of spaces division which spacial character is maintained evenly to visual openness and composed of spatial division and connection according to function. Concentric type is represented to scale separated into main space in movement and other space. Main space in movement is high value in Control and Global Integration, and is openly and composed highly of visual openness related into adjacent space, and other space is reversely scale value and character.

본 연구의 목적은 다시점과 시지각에 의해 가중치가 설정되는 불가시심도 분석모델을 제안함에 있다. 선행 연구들은 불가시심도 분석에서 다양한 시점과 시지각을 고려하는데 주목하지 않고 있다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 도출되었다. (1) 일시점 분석모델은 하나의 특정 시점이 전체 시점들을 대표해야하는 불합리한 조건을 포함하고 있다. (2) 시각 네트워크의 관점에서 불가시성을 검출하기 위한 분석은 이원적인 방법보다 거리와 시지각 면적에 의해 가중치가 부여되는 방법을 요구한다. (3) 불가시심도 분석모델의 개선은 지점과 지점의 불가시상태를 검출하고 시지각과 다시점을 고려함으로써 구현될 수 있다. (4) 다시점에 의한 가중분석모델은 일시점 모델의 보완적 분석방안으로 고려될 수 있다. (5) 시지각 가중분석모델은 불가시심도 분석으로부터 산출되는 허용 가능한 건축물의 높이를 보정하기 위해 활용될 수 있다.본 연구의 목적은 다시점과 시지각에 의해 가중치가 설정되는 불가시심도 분석모델을 제안함에 있다. 선행 연구들은 불가시심도 분석에서 다양한 시점과 시지각을 고려하는데 주목하지 않고 있다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 도출되었다. (1) 일시점 분석모델은 하나의 특정 시점이 전체 시점들을 대표해야하는 불합리한 조건을 포함하고 있다. (2) 시각 네트워크의 관점에서 불가시성을 검출하기 위한 분석은 이원적인 방법보다 거리와 시지각 면적에 의해 가중치가 부여되는 방법을 요구한다. (3) 불가시심도 분석모델의 개선은 지점과 지점의 불가시상태를 검출하고 시지각과 다시점을 고려함으로써 구현될 수 있다. (4) 다시점에 의한 가중분석모델은 일시점 모델의 보완적 분석방안으로 고려될 수 있다. (5) 시지각 가중분석모델은 불가시심도 분석으로부터 산출되는 허용 가능한 건축물의 높이를 보정하기 위해 활용될 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to propose Invisible Depth Analysis Models weighted with multiple viewpoints and visual perception. Precedent studies have paid very little attention to the consideration of various viewpoints and visual cognition in Invisible Depth Analysis. The study conclusion lead us to the following: (1) Analysis model with single viewpoint contains an unreasonable condition that a specific viewpoint has to represent all viewpoints. (2) From the perspective of visual network, the analysis to examine invisibility requires a method weighted with distance and perceptual area than a dualistic method. (3) The improvement of Invisible Depth Analysis Models can be realized by examining invisibility from nodes to nodes and considering visual perception and multiple viewpoints. (4) Analysis models weighted with multiples viewpoints are to be considered as complementary analysis methods to the models with single viewpoint. (5) Analysis models weighted with visual perception can be used for revising allowable building height calculated from Invisible Depth Analysis.

본 연구는 기존 지형경관의 분석이 지형정보와 시지각의 상관관계를 고려하지 않아 기존 지형경관분석의 기법을 개선하기 위해 가중가시분석기법을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 이론적 고찰과 일고리즘 개발에 근거한 연구결과는 다음과 같다.: (1) 구현된 분석 알고리즘은 지형과 간섭되지 않는 가시선의 생성, 시야각 범위 내의 가시선 검출, 조망대상의 시지각 면적, 조망점과 조망대상점의 거리, 시각 정밀성을 분석 변수로 사용하였다. (2) 획득된 가시선 데이터에 대한 가중네트워크 분석은 제시된 분석기법을 위한 지표 산출을 가능하게 하였다. (3) 두 개 분석기법의 비교분석은 제시된 기법이 기존 기법과는 다른 가시도 분포를 보임을 밝혔다. (4) 가중관계중앙성 지표의 분석은 그 분석과정과 산출된 결과에서 가중가시분석이 지형정보와 이용자의 시지각 조건을 고려함을 확인하였다.

This study was intended to propose Weighted Visibility Analysis Method for improving the existing methods of topographic landscape analysis since the existing analysis did not consider the correlation between topographic information and visual perception. The study results based on theoretical investigation and algorithm development were as followed: (1) The implemented analysis algorithm utilized sight line generation not interfered with topography, sight line detection within visual angle, visually perceived area of view target, distance from view point to view target and visual precision as analytical variables. (2) Weighted network analysis on the acquired sight line data enabled the measure production for the proposed method. (3) Comparison analyses between the two methods clarified the proposed method showed a Visibility Degree distribution different from the precedent method. (4) Also, the analysis of Weighted Betweenness Centrality measure verified the Weighted Visibility Analysis considered topographic information and user's visual perception condition in its process and produced result.

연구목적: 최근 노후한 안전관리 미비 시설물의 구조적 결함으로 인한 건축물 및 시설물 붕괴사고 등이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 전시 공간 건축물의 위험징후를 분석하고 계측기술을 개발하기 위해 시지각 적 요소를 갖춘 건축물 센서 모니터링을 위한 최적의 센서 위치를 결정하는 상시 모니터링 시스템 설치 가이드라인을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 위험징후 계측 기기의 구성요소, 설치위치, 기 기의 경보 기준, 관리 방안 등을 제시한다. 연구결과: 센서의 위치를 결정하고, 통일된 시지각을 갖춤으 로서 분석을 위한 신호처리 기술을 확보하고, Test-bed 운영 통해서 센서 모니터링 기반의 최적 ‘위험징 후 감지장치’를 구성하는 방안을 제시하였다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 전시 공간 건축물 붕괴로 발생할 수 있는 재난으로부터 대비하고, 안전관리 역량을 강화에 기여할 수 있다.

Purpose: Recently, structural defects in old safety management facilities have led to the collapse of buildings and facilities. The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for the installation of regular monitoring systems that determine the optimal sensor location for monitoring exhibition space building sensors equipped with visual elements in order to analyze the risk signs of exhibition space buildings and develop measurement technology. Method: The components, installation locations, alarm criteria, and management measures of the instrument are presented. Result: A measure was proposed to determine the location of sensors, secure signal processing technology for analysis by having unified visual perception, and configure optimal ‘risk sign detection’ based on sensor monitoring through test-bed operation. Conclusion: The results of this study can be prepared against the disasters that may arise from the collapse of exhibition buildings, and contribute to strengthening safety management capabilities.

본 연구는 시지각의 신경심리학적 특성을 중심으로 미술 감상 행위가 인간의 정서 및 인지 기능에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고, 그 치료적 가능성을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 시지각은 인간 감각 중 가장 많은 정보를 처리하며, 감정･기억･인지 기능과 긴밀히 연관된 통합적 감각 체계이다. 연구는 몬드리안, 클림트, 고흐, 피카소의 작품을 대상으로 주요 조형요소(형태, 색 채, 질감, 게슈탈트)에 따른 시지각 반응을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 형태는 단순성과 균형을 통 해 심리적 안정감을, 색채는 변연계 자극을 통해 정서적 완화를, 질감은 감각 통합을 통한 몰 입과 공감의 효과에 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 게슈탈트적 통합은 부분과 전체의 관계를 지각함으로써 심리적 질서 회복을 유도하였다. 이러한 결과는 미술 감상이 창작행위와 유사한 신경 활성 패턴을 보이며, 정서 조절 및 자기 인식 향상에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 결론적 으로, 시지각의 신경심리학 특성을 반영한 미술감상치료는 감상 행위만으로도 신경학적･심리학 적 변화를 유도하는 의미있는 예술치료적 접근으로 평가된다. 향후 연구에서는 뇌영상 및 생리 적 반응을 활용한 실증 연구와 미술감상 프로그램의 개발과 적용을 통해, 시지각 중심의 미술 감상치료 모델을 구체화할 필요가 있다.

This study aims to explore the effects of art appreciation on human emotional and cognitive functions from the perspective of the neuropsychological characteristics of visual perception, and to examine its therapeutic potential. Visual perception is the most information-rich of all human senses and serves as an integrative sensory system closely connected to emotion, memory, and cognition. The study analyzed visual-perceptual responses according to key formal elements— form, color, texture, and gestalt—in the artworks of Mondrian, Klimt, Van Gogh, and Picasso. As a result of the analysis, it was found that form responded to psychological stability through simplicity and balance, color responded to emotional relief through limbic stimulation, and texture responded to the effects of flow and empathy through sensory integration. Furthermore, gestaltic integration facilitates the restoration of psychological order by perceiving the relationship between parts and the whole. These findings suggest that art appreciation exhibits neural activation patterns similar to those of creative activity and contributes to emotional regulation and self-awareness. In conclusion, art appreciation therapy reflecting the neuropsychological characteristics of visual perception can be regarded as a meaningful art-therapeutic approach that induces neurological and psychological changes through appreciation alone. Future research should focus on empirical studies employing neuroimaging and physiological measures, as well as on developing and applying art appreciation programs to further specify a visual perception–based model of art appreciation therapy.

This study proposes strategies for projecting media art onto glass-surfaced architecture, addressing challenges such as transparency, reflection, and visibility. Using the Aqua Art Overpass in Seoul as a case study, the research compares glass and opaque surfaces through mock-ups and luminance simulations. By applying high-lumen projectors, special films, and content adjustments, the study demonstrates that glass facades can effectively serve as dynamic media surfaces. The findings highlight the visual and spatial potential of glass in urban environments, offering practical insights for future applications in architectural media art.

The purpose of this study is to identify the physical and heuristic substance of the characteristics common to the art museums by Tadao Ando from the perspective of visitors' visual perception. The objects of this study were selected as the Benesse House Art Museum, Chichu Art Museum, and Lee Ufan Art Museum in Naoshima Island, Japan, and the spatial analysis technique of 'Isovist along path' was used for visual perceptional analysis from visitors' viewpoint. The characteristics of 'Forced detour', 'Mazeous circulation' and 'Open/Closed' were selected among the characteristics common to the art museums by Tadao Ando, a nd the analyses of 'Isovist along path' were conducted for a ctual visitors' movement paths within the three museums. Then, the results of the analyses were examined to see if they could explain 'Forced detour', 'Mazeous circulation', and 'Open/Closed' respectively.

How can social phenomena in the modern era be defined and studied? A brilliant German scholar’s work longtime ignored and forgotten by the Western academics returns to the relevance for it’s particular way of considering the complex relationship between the social and the individual through an ingenious concept, i.e., formism. By this concept Georg Simmel offered a new epistemological legitimacy through which diverse social forms make a clear distinction with what is contained within the container. This methodological approach aims to uncover what invariant elements remain in any circumstances exist in the social life. Heavily criticized by Emil Durkheim regarded as a founder of modern sociology and his followers, the german sociologist born in Berlin into a jewish family becomes one of the most important sociologists who tried to change the way of how the social and individual are articulated in the modern society. Therefore Georg Simmel has often been thought of a great contributor to establish an unusual, ‘unorthodox’ sociology putting an importance on the act of observing and of perceiving through senses as a prime role in the recherches of social studies. His main concern was to conduct in a deeper manner an inquiry into what are called the crevices(anfractuaosités) of the social and the intimate as well. In the modern society in which the perceiving through the eyes overshadows the other senses like the smelling. Indeed, the olfaction was a privileged sense in the traditional communities like small villages. In conjunction with the predominant visuality, the aspects of everyday life(la quotidienneté) such as the superficial, frivolous or fleeting have become an authentic subject matter for the study of sociology thanks to G. Simmel’s academic contribution.

The purpose of the exhibition is the communication of visitors and exhibits. People recognize exhibition environment by visual perception. Therefore it is important that the structure of the exhibition space of visual perception of characteristics. The research method of the study analyzed exhibition space of national museum of Korea by using Depthmap program which can analyze space with visual graph analysis function, and analyzed the visibility among unit areas by each history museum integration and exhibition contents composition. The purpose of this study is a spatial analysis that reflected structure of exhibition space. Ignore the interior space component of the space around the space structure, spatial analysis of the past, were analyzed only for architecture space. Therefore, a diversified units of spatial analysis to reflect the detailed structure, as well as promoting the spatial analysis, it was sought to analyze various results. This research was conducted by following procedure. Separate exhibition space with exhibition thema, rest area, room. Apply to exhibition space analysis with visual connectivity, step depth, visual integration. Find the problem from the results obtained in this analysis, choose an alternative which can bo promote the visual connectivity, step depth, visual integration. By performing the spatial analysis based on this workaround. Determines whether it is suitable based on the intelligibility of the space.

우리는 빛에 의해 사실적인 형태를 파악하고, 파악된 형태에 근거하여 이미지를 재현하는 방식으로 세계를 시각화한다. 이런 이유로 빛은 고대에서부터 현대에 이르기까지 다양한 방식으로 조형예술에 영향력을 행사해 왔다. 비가시적 실체인 빛은 재현 도구에 따라 다양하게 모사되어 독특한 환영을 투사하고, 투사된 환영은 다시 인간과 사 회 문화 전반에 변화를 초래한다. 이처럼 조형예술에 있어 시대와 공간 그리고 장르를 불문하고 빛의 재현이 중요한 이유는 일차적으로 실재의 모든 공간과 공간을 구성하는 사물이 빛에 의해서 지각되기 때문이다. 이제 우리는 실재하 는 빛과 구분할 수 없는 CGI기반의 빛을 마주하고 있고, 이러한 빛 재현의 특성을 살펴보고자 한다.

We understand the real form with light and it make us to visualize the world. Hence, light have got a great influence on formative arts in many ways from ancient time to now. Invisible and substantial light is described by many representational tools in various way and project the illusion. Projected illusion caused the change in human and general social culture. For such a reason, the representation of light is most important issue without distinction of age, space and genre. Now we are faced with CGI light just same as real light. So we need to study about properties of CGI light representation.

The purpose of this study is to territoriality be expressed by visual perception in the service space of the multiplex cinema. The results is as following : Firstly, we could classify that territoriality be expressed by preceding research is limitation, extension, center, overlap and visibility. and we could know that the limitation be expressed the territoriality it gives a many effect. Secondly, we could know the fact that the service_space dividing the territory is necessary. and territory dividing gives an effect to satisfaction of the user. Thirdly, we could know that the formation of territoriality is taken a many effect by the visual perception element.

Objective To adapt and standardize the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3) to Koreans and investigate the change in visual-perceptual function using the MVPT-3 in healthy Korean adults.Methods The Korean version of the MVPT-3 was developed through a cross-cultural adaptation process according to 6 steps, including translation, reconciliation, back translation, cognitive debriefing, feedback, and final reconciliation. A total of 321 healthy Korean volunteers (mean age, 51.05 years) were recruited. We collected participant demographic data, such as sex, age, and years of education, and performed the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and MVPT-3. Internal consistency of the MVPT-3 and the relationships between demographic data, K-MMSE and MVPT-3 scores were analyzed. The results of this study were compared with published data from western countries including the United States and Canada.Results Total score on the MVPT-3 was positively correlated with years of education (r=0.715, p<0.001) and K-MMSE score (r=0.718, p<0.001). However, it had a negative correlation with age (r=?0.669, p<0.001). A post-hoc analysis of MVPT-3 scores classified age into 5 groups of ≤49, 50?59, 60?69, 70?79, ≥80 years and years of education into 4 groups of 0, 1?9, 10?12, ≥13 years. No significant differences in MVPT-3 scores were observed according to sex or country.Conclusion Visual perception was significantly influenced by age, years of education, and cognitive function. Reference values for the MVPT-3 provided in this study will be useful for evaluating and planning a rehabilitation program of visual perceptual function in patients with brain disorders.

Objective To assess the effect of visuomotor coordination training on the visual perception of geriatric stroke patients. Method Thirty (n=30) cooperative geriatric stroke patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapy, and intervention group received additional visuomotor coordination training with Dynavision for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. We assessed visual perception and functional status before and after intervention by measuring K-MMSE, K-MBI, K-DRS scores, and by conducting Computerized Neuropsychological Test (CNT) (Maxmedia, Seoul, Korea) 1) visual memory; visual span backward & forward, 2) visual attention; visual continuous performance test (correct response, reaction time), 3) visuomotor coordination; trail making A test. Results The intervention group showed significant improvement in visual attention (p＜0.05). There was no significant difference in visual memory, visuomotor coordination and K-DRS (p＞0.05). Both groups showed significant increase in K-MMSE and K-MBI scores (p＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p＞0.05). Conclusion Dynavision training improved the primary visual skill - visual attention, but did not improve higher order visual skills, such as visual memory, visuomotor coordination, cognition or functional performance in the elder stroke patients. Dynavision could be a useful tool for cognitive rehabilitation in patients with cognitive impairment and attention deficit by improving visual attention.