Earticle

기업에서 인적자원에 대한 투자의 중요성이 증가하고 실질적인 금전적 지출이 커지고 있는 상황에서 교육의 실질적인 성과 향상을 기할 수 있는 방안으로서 액션러닝에 대한 관심이 최근에 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 새로운 교육방법으로서 액션러닝을 소개함과 동시에 액션러닝 방식을 활용한 교육프로그램의 구체적인 개발 및 운영과정을 분석하여 액션러닝 운영상의 시사점을 도출하려 한다. 본 논문은 2005년 9월부터 2006년 1월까지 진행된 (주) 효성의 과장승격후보자과정에 대한 액션러닝을 적용한 사례를 심층 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 액션러닝은 관리자들이 직무 수행하는데 문제가 되는 불필요한 과정을 개선하는데 도움을 주었다. 둘째, 액션러닝을 적용하는데 있어, 내부/외부 Facilitator들의 통합적 활용이 교육효과 극대화에 기여하였다. 셋째, 최고경영자 및 경영층의 지원과 인재개발팀장의 액션러닝에 대한 적극적 추진이 주요한 성공요인으로 판단된다.

Recently, Investment on HRM, particularly, on training and development, in companies has been increased. Therefore, HR managers pay attention to action learning that has the practical effect on performance. The purpose of this study is to introduce action learning as an efficient training method and simultaneously to raise operational issues from the case study. This study analyses a training and development program applying action learning for team manager candidates in corporate Hyosung from September, 2005 to January, 2006. The findings are as follows: First, inefficient processes are thrown out by the process reengineering applying action learning. Second, the training and development activity is maximized by the integrated use of internal and external facilitators. Third, the steady support of executives and the driving force of HRD managers are considered as main success factors.

교육훈련 프로그램을 설계하는 것이다. 연구의 내용은 회계사무원의 직무를 구성하는 책무와 작업을 추출하고, 과업별 중요도, 난이도, 수행 빈도를 밝히고, 회계사무원의 직무 모형을 제시하며, 교육훈련 프로그램을 설계하는 것이다. 연구를 위한 위원회는 직무분석 전문가 1명, 산업체 내용 전문가와 교육훈련 전문가 8명, 업무 실무자 1명으로 구성하였다. 전문가협의회는 단계별로 5차례를 실시하여 직무를 분석하였다. 직무분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 회계사무원의 직무는 크게 5개의 영역 즉 장부정리, 채권․채무 관리, 전표 관리, 급여 관리, 결산으로 나눌 수 있었다. 둘째, 분석된 5개의 영역 직무를 과업의 난이도, 중요도, 빈도를 고려하여 교육과정에서 반드시 습득되어야 할 능력으로는 ‘관련 법 규 파악하기’를 비롯하여 총 23개로 분석되었다. 셋째, 직무분석 결과를 바탕으로 회계사무원의 임무와 임무별 과업이 상호 연관성을 갖도록 논리적인 순서 등을 고려하여 DACUM 차트로 회계사무원의 직무 모형을 도출하였다. 넷째, 직무모형을 토대로 직무 작업/교육내용 Matrix, 직무 작업/Course Matrix, 교육 훈련 Course Profile, 교육 훈련 Road Map으로 구성되는 교육 훈련 프로그램을 개발하였다. 교육 훈련 Road Map은 채권․ 재무 관리, 급여 관리, 전표 관리, 세무관리로 구성된다. 본 연구의 의미는 타 계열의 직종에 대한 직무분석에 비하여 상업계열 직무분석은 거의 이루어지지 않았으나, 본 연구를 통하여 상업계열 대표 직무인 회계사무원에 대한 직무를 분석하였다는 데 그 의의가 있다고 할 수 있 다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 교육 훈련 과정을 점검하고 교수학습에 대한 연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다.

The purposes of this study are to analyze job of accountant and design of training program based on the DACUM(Developing A Curriculum) method. The contents of this study are to extract the duties, tasks consisting of job of accountant and to investigate levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry level on each task, and to make out a job model of accountant, and to design of training program. A DACUM committee was composed to analyze job of accountant and the committee members were total 10, a facilitator, 8 Subject Matter Expert & training Expert and a recorder & coordinator. A DACUM committee is held five times to analyze job. Second, the tasks which were important, difficult, frequent and essential in entry step of occupation were 23 items in company with ‘Statements of Korea Accounting Standards and Commercial law of understanding'. Third, a job model of accountant was constructed based on the results of DACUM job analysis. Fourth, the designs of training program are made up task/curriculum Matrix, task/Course Matrix, training Course Profile, training Road Map. Training Road Map are composed of debit․ credits management, pay management, check management, tex management.

The Railroad Safety Act was implemented in 2005 due to the increased concerns regarding railroad safety since the Daegu subway fire in 2003. In line with this, the Act became a standard to build the total railroad safety systems which has been overlooked compared to the quantitative growth of the railroad business. The minister of the ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs lays down the Act for railroad Companies to conduct emergency programs in response to the emergency occurring on the railroad such as fire, explosion, derailment, etc. By enacting the Safety Act, the nation's construction of the contingency management system for railroad emergency increased", and it made the railroad company prepare the Emergency SOP by establishing 'The guideline on the Establishment of the railroad Emergency Plan' in order to support the efficiency of the Act. In line with this, I would like to analyze a matter of system development and the main function of the "railroad Emergency Training Program" for activation improvement of standardized operation procedure developed through the 'Total capitalize Safety Technology development'.

현대 선교는 이전 어느 세대보다 신앙과 삶의 균형이 있는 영성과 인성, 그리고 선 교지의 발전과 부흥을 위한 전문 기능인이 요구된다. 이에 한국선교는 이러한 선교지 의 필요와 요구에 대해 진지하고도 효율적인 방안으로서 전문인 선교사를 양성하고 파송하므로 선교지를 섬겨왔다. 하지만 짧은 선교역사와 인프라로 인해 한국선교는 선교의 요구를 만족시키며 선교 대임을 완수하기에는 아직 보완하고 풀어야 할 많은 과제를 안고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 과제를 해결할 수 있는 실마리를 전문인 선교훈 련원의 프로그램과 교육과정의 개편으로부터 찾았다. 지난 세기말 한국선교는 21세기의 선교의 방향을 ‘전방개척선교’로 잡고 창의적 플 랫폼, 전문인 선교사를 양성하고 배출하기에 힘써 왔다. 그러나 다양한 이유로 일어나 는 선교지에서의 문제와 동역자 간에 갈등과 불화는 해마다 증가하는 선교사 탈락률 로 이어지고 있다. 본 연구는 그 원인 중 하나를 전문인 선교훈련원의 프로그램과 교 육과정의 불균형에서 찾았다. 한국선교는 균형 있는 훈련 프로그램과 교육과정을 통 해 전문적이고 인격적인 선교사를 훈련하고 양성하여 선교지로 공급해야 할 사명이 있다. 이에 21세기 선교지가 요구하는 선교사를 양성하기 위해 GTS 출신 선교전문인들을 대상으로 설문을 하였고, 그 설문에 대한 응답을 기준으로 국내 5개의 전문인 선교훈련원의 프로그램과 교육과정을 살펴보고 평가해 보았다. 끝으로 한국선교의 성 장과 발전에 도움이 되기를 기대하며 네 가지 제언을 제시하였다. 잘 준비된 선교사는 좋은 선교 훈련으로부터 배출되며, 좋은 선교 훈련은 균형 있 고 효율적인 훈련 프로그램과 교육과정으로부터 만들어진다. 남아 있는 선교지의 발 전과 현지교회의 성장과 성숙을 견인해야 선교적 사명과 시대가 요구하는 선교지의 필요들을 끊임없이 연구하고 그에 합당한 선교사를 파송하므로 건강한 교회와 선교지 를 세워나갈 수 있는 한국교회가 되길 소망한다.

The modern mission requires more than any previous generation, spirituality and humanity with a balance between faith and life, and professional technicians for the development and revival of the mission field. Accordingly, Korean missionary service has been serving the mission field by cultivating and sending out professional missionaries as a serious and effective way to meet the needs and demands of the mission field. However, due to its short mission history and infrastructure, Korean missions still has many tasks to be supplemented and solved in order to satisfy the needs of missions and complete its mission. This study found a clue to solve these problems from the reorganization of the program and curriculum of the specialized missionary training center. At the end of the last century, Korean missionary work set the direction of missionary work in the 21st century as 'foreign frontier missions' and worked hard to nurture and produce creative platforms and professional missionaries. However, problems in the mission field and conflicts and discord among co-workers for various reasons are leading to an increasing rate of missionary dropouts every year. This study found one of the causes in the imbalance between the program and the curriculum of the professional missionary training center. Korea Mission has a mission to train and nurture professional and personal missionaries through a balanced training program and curriculum and provide them to the mission field. In order to nurture missionaries required by the 21st century mission field, a questionnaire was conducted on missionary professionals from GTS, and based on the responses to the questionnaire, the programs and curriculum of 5 professional mission training centers in Korea were reviewed and evaluated. Finally, in the hope that it will be helpful for the growth and development of Korean missions, four suggestions were presented. A well-prepared missionary comes from good missionary training, and good missionary training comes from a balanced and effective training program and curriculum. We need to lead the development of the remaining mission fields and the growth and maturity of the local churches. We hope to become a Korean church that can build a healthy church and mission field by constantly researching the missionary mission and the needs of the mission field required by the times, and sending missionaries suitable for it. do.

제4차 산업혁명 시대의 도래 후 국가 경쟁력의 가장 중요한 요소는 인공지능이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나, 인공 지능의 발달은 빅데이터를 기반한 머신러닝 없이는 불가능하기 때문에 미래형 인재는 머신러닝을 어릴 때부터 친숙하게 활용하고 이해하여 실생활에 창의적으로 적용할 수 있는 역량이 필수적으로 수반되어야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 K-NN 알고리즘 이해를 기반한 초등학생 대상 머신러닝 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 그 효 과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 교육 프로그램을 적용한 학생들의 K-NN 알고리즘에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 머신러닝 원리와 적용에 대한 이해도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 제안된 교육 프로그램의 효과가 검증되 었으며, 정보 기술에 대한 기초 지식 수준이 낮은 학생들에게도 머신러닝을 교육시킬 수 있는 방안에 대한 가능 성을 확장시켰다는 관점에서 본 논문의 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

After the advent of the 4th industrial revolution era, the essential element of national competitiveness can be said to be artificial intelligence. However, since artificial intelligence is impossible without machine learning based on big data, future talents must be accompanied by the ability to use and understand machine learning familiarly from childhood and apply creatively to real life. In this paper, we developed and applied a machine learning education program based on understanding the K-NN algorithm for elementary school students and analyzed the effect. As a result, we found that the students' understanding of machine learning principles and machine learning application were improved based on understanding the K-NN algorithm. Through these results, the effectiveness of the proposed education program was verified. The significance of this paper can be found from the viewpoint of expanding the possibility of a way to educate machine learning even for students with low basic knowledge of information technology.

본 연구는 민간경호업무에 종사하고 있는 민간경호원과 국내외 경호업체 및 기관의 교육훈련 실태를 파악하고, 이에 도출된 문제점을 토대로 교육훈련의 성과를 높일 수 있는 교육훈련 프로그램 모델을 설정함으로써 합리적이고 효율적인 교육훈련 프로그램체제를 구축하는데 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 기본적으로는 국내외에서 발간된 문헌과 학술지 및 연구논문 등과 같은 문헌자료의 수집분석을 하였고, 실증적인 자료 활용을 위해서 인터넷과 국내외 관련협회, 학회, 기관, 경찰청 및 인터폴의 협조를 통해 자료를 수집 하였으며, 국내 민간경호업체의 교육훈련 프로그램은 민간경호업체 실무자 인터뷰 기법을 활용하여 연구하였다. 국내 민간경호업체에서는 교육훈련 프로그램 계획시 이론교육을 최소화하고 실무 중심적 교육으로 교육훈련 프로그램을 설정해야 하고, 이론교육 또한 실무 교육과 연계된 교육 내용으로 구성되어야 할 것이다. 민간경호원 교육훈련 프로그램의 교육과목은 이론 교육으로는 경호, 개론, 경호 계획, 정보 수집, 민간경비, 경호 방법, 테러 및 테러리즘, 관련 법령, 경호 심리, 전자 보안, 경호 분석 기법, 기업 소개, 직업관에 관한 교육훈련 프로그램으로 구성되어야 한다. 실무 교육으로는 선발 및 예방 경호, 근접수행 경호, 차량 경호, 경호 운전, 경호무도 및 호신술, 응급 처치, 경호 장비, 총기류 및 사격, 경호 의전, 고객 만족, 시설보안 및 경비, 소방 교육, 팀워크 훈련, 폭발물 및 위험물, 체력 단련, 문서 작성 실무, 봉사 활동, 외국어 교육에 관한 교육훈련 프로그램으로 구성되어야 한다.

This study is designed to contribute for development of Private Security Business by fact-finding in instruction and training of private security guard serviced in this realm and domestic and foreign guard service and modeling effective and rational instruction and training program based on drawn problem. For this study, basically I collected and analyzed documents, theses, and papers of the inside and outside of the country. For practical use of data, I used materials of private security related institutes and police agency. And for private security educating training programs of the inside and outside of the country, I collected materials on internet, and with the help of police agency and interpol. For korean private security company's educating training programs, I made a study with the interview of private security company's businessmen. This study's conclusion is as follows. In a domestic private security enterprise, when set theory instruction minimize instruction and training program and must set up instruction and training program as practical affairs center enemy instruction, and theory instruction must be composed for instruction me that it is connected to practical affairs instruction too. The instruction course of private security guard instruction and training program composed with a security outline, a security plan, an information-gathering, civilian expenses, a security way, terror and terrorism, a related law, security trial, electronic security, a security analysis technique, company introduction, instruction and training program about a professional tube with theory instruction. Practical affairs instruction composed with the selection and a preventive security, close contact attendance security, vehicle security, security driving the security martial arts and self-protection liquor, first aid, security equipment, a gun and shooting, a security protocol, customer satisfaction, facilities security and expenses, a fire fighting instruction, teamwork training, explosive and a dangerous substance, physical strength, a documentation practical affairs, service, instruction and training program about foreigh language instruction.

[목적] 트레이닝 프로그램이 골프 참여자들의 드라이버 비거리 효과에 미치는지에 대해 선행연구를 종합하여 메 타분석을 실시하여 트레이닝 효과를 입증하였다. [방법] 2개(헤드스피드/비거리) 변인을 선택한 다음, 통계적으로 효과크기의 평균을 추정하는 방식이다. 추정된 효과크기의 분포가 이질적으로 나타나면, 평균적인 효과크기 값이 집단분포를 대표하는 수치로 적절하지 못해 이러한 변인을 중재변인으로 적용시켰다. [결과] 변인별 트레이닝 프 로그램 전/후에 대한 집단 간의 차이를 효과크기 평균으로 추정한 메타분석 결과를 Cohen(1988)이 제안한 기준으 로 볼 때, 효과크기 평균에서 동질성을 나타낸 비거리 변인이 사후 집단에게 유리하게 큰 효과(ES=1.27)를 보였 다. 그러나 이질적으로 나타난 헤드 스피드는 중재변인으로 분석한 결과, 유의하지 않아 헤드 스피드에 이질적인 원인으로 해석될 수 없어 헤드 스피드 변인을 메타분석 결과에서 제한시켰다. [결론] 선수 및 아마 골퍼들에게 드 라이버 비거리 증가를 위한 트레이닝으로 저항 및 유연성 훈련이 타당한 프로그램이라는 근거를 입증하였다.

[Purpose] In this study, 60 papers were collected from the archive to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of training programs on the driving distance of golf players. [Method] Two variables that are commonly found across 60 papers were selected before applying a method for statistically estimating the average effect. Therefore, this variable was analyzed by applying mediating variables(performance level, program type). [Result] The results of the meta-analysis that estimated the difference between the groups before and after the training programs were analyzed based on the criteria proposed by Cohen(1988). It was found from the statistical analysis that the distance variable showing the homogeneity in the estimated average effect was a significantly favorable effect(ES =1.27) for the posterior group. The results obtained after applying the program type and performance level as arbitration variables show that no statistically significant result was observed. As the head speed cannot be interpreted as a heterogeneous cause, the head speed variable was limited in the meta analysis results. [Conclusion] It can be concluded therefore that resistance and flexibility training methods designed to increase driver distance are reasonable training method for athletes and amateur golfers alike.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of 12-week training program on physical fitness and isokinetic muscular function in high school taekwondo players. Pre-test and post -test were conducted and the following conclusion was drawn. First, in the change of weight, a significant difference was found among male players, whereas no difference was noted among female players. In the change of % body fat, while a significant difference was found among male players, no difference was noted among female players. Second, in the change of physical fitness, male players showed a significant difference in muscular strength, flexibility, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas female players had a significant difference in muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness. Third, in the change of isokinetic muscular function, a significant difference was found in right extensor for male players, but in right and left extensor and right and left flextor for female players. Finally, in the change of maximum muscular strength, a significant difference was found in left extensor and left flexor for male players, but in right and left extensor and right and left flextor for female players. Based on this result, it is considered that the 12-week training program can improve body composition, physical fitness, and isokinetic strength in high school taekwondo players and a continuous and systematic training program will greatly contribute to improving athletic ability. It is necessary that the training program should be planned to carefully consider the balance of players' physical fitness and the proportion of skill training.

본 연구는 국내 대학의 일본 취업 연수 과정에서 자기분석 교육이 체계적으로 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정에 주목하여, 연수 과정에 자기분석 지도 방안을 적용하고 사례 분석을 통해 그 효과를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 K-Move 스쿨 연수생을 대상으로 자기분석의 필요성을 설명하고, 적성검사 진단 툴과 ‘자기분석표’를 적용한 구체적인 지도 사례를 제시한 후, 설문조사를 실시하여 지도 효과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 연수 초반 자기분석의 중요성에 대한 인식 제고와 실행 방법에 대한 실천적 지도의 필요성 및 적성검사 진단 툴의 실용성이 확인되었다. 특히 자기분석표 작성 활동과 이에 대한 피드백 지도를 통한 자기분석표 활용은 연수생의 자기 성찰을 촉진하고, 이력서 및 면접 준비를 구체화하는 데 효과적으로 작용함으로써 취업 준비 전반에 실질적인 영향을 미친 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 일본어 비전공 초급 학습자가 다수를 이루는 일본 취업 연수 교육 현장에서 자기분석 지도에 활용될 수 있는 참고 자료로서의 의의를 지닌다.

This study focuses on the current situation where self-analysis education is not systematically conducted in Japanese employment training programs at Korea universities, and aims to apply self-analysis guidance methods to the training process and examine its effectiveness through case analysis. To this end, a specific case of applying the self-analysis guidance method to K-Move school trainees was presented, and then a survey was conducted to analyze the effect of guidance. The results of the study confirmed the need to raise awareness of the importance of self-analysis in the early stages of training, the need for practical guidance on how to implement it, and the practicality of the aptitude test tool. In particular, self-analysis worksheets and feedback were found to support overall job preparation by promoting self-reflection and clarifying resume and interview preparation. Based on these results, this study holds significance as reference material for self-analysis guidance in training programs in which many beginner learners are not majoring in Japanese.

本研究は、韓国大学における日本就職のための研修課程において自己分析教育が体系的に実施されていない実態に着目し、研修課程に自己分析指導の方策を導入し、事例分析を通じてその効果を考察することを目的とする。そのため、K-Moveスクールの研修生を対象に自己分析指導を適用した具体的な指導事例を提示したうえで、アンケート調査を実施し、指導効果を分析した。 研究の結果、研修初期における自己分析の重要性に対する認識の向上、実施方法に対する実践的指導の必要性、および適性検査ツールの実用性が確認された。特に、自己分析表の作成活動とフィードバック指導を通じた自己分析表の活用は、研修生の自己省察を促進し、履歴書および面接準備を具体化するうえで効果的に機能し、就職準備全般に実質的な助けとなったことが確認された。以上の結果を踏まえ、本研究は、日本語非専攻の初級学習者が多数を占める日本就職研修教育の現場において、自己分析指導に活用し得る参考資料としての意義を有する。

디지털 시대에 접어들면서 각국은 SW 교육을 하기 시작했고 현재는 AI 교육도 경쟁적으로 실시하고 있는 상 황이다. 우리나라의 2022 개정 교육과정에서도 이러한 의도가 표출되고 있다. 학교 현장에서의 교육의 성패는 교 사들에게 의존한다고 해도 과언이 아니며 이는 AI 및 디지털 교육도 예외가 아닐 것이다. 따라서 교사들에 대한 연수는 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 SW 및 AI 교육의 연수 주제들에 대하여 초등 교사들이 필요성을 얼마나 인식하고 있는가를 조사하였다. 초등 교사들은 SW 및 AI 교육에 대한 연수 필요성에 대하여 공 감하고 있는 것으로 나타났으나 프로그래밍 혹은 실습 관련 주제보다는 개념 이해나 소양과 관련된 주제의 연수 가 더 필요하다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와 같은 조사 결과를 심층적으로 분석하고 연수 프로그램 개발에 반영한다면 학교 현장에서 SW·AI 교육이 성공하는데 밑거름이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Entering the digital age, each country began to educate SW, and now AI is also being educated competitively. This intention is also expressed in the 2022 revised curriculum in Korea. It is no exaggeration to say that the success or failure of education in schools depends on teachers, and AI and digital education will be no exception. Therefore, training for teachers is very important. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how much elementary school teachers are aware of the need for training topics of SW and AI education. Elementary school teachers were found to agree on the need for training for SW and AI education, but it was found that they recognized that training on topics related to concept understanding or literacy was more necessary than topics related to programming or practice. If these survey results are analyzed in depth and reflected in the development of training programs, it will serve as a foundation for the success of SW·AI education in schools.

Objective : We investigated the efficacy of an artificial intelligence computerized cognitive training program using motion capture to identify changes in cognition, depression, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : A total of seven older adults (experimental group = 4, control group = 3) participated in this study. During the COVID-19 period from October to December 2021, we used a program, “MOOVE Brain”, that we had developed. The experimental group performed the program 30 minutes 3×/week for 1 month. We analyzed patients scores from the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination-2, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet for Daily Life Evaluation, the short form Geriatric Depression Scale, and Geriatric Quality of Life Scale. Results : We observed positive changes in the mean scores of the Stroop Color Test (attention), Stroop Color/Word Test (executive function), SGDS-K (depression), and GQOL (QoL). However, these changes did not reach statistical significance for each variable. Conclusion : The study results from "MOOVE Brain" can help address cognitive and psychosocial issues in isolated patients with MCI during the COVID-19 pandemic or those unable to access in-person medical services.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of a cultural competence training program for public health nurses (PHNs) using intervention mapping. Methods: An embedded mixed method design was used. Forty-one PHNs (experimental: 21, control: 20) and forty marriage migrant women (MMW) (20, in each group) who were provided nursing care by PHN participated in the study. The experimental group was provided with a four-week cultural competence program consisting of an eight hour offline and online course, e-mail newsletters and social networking services (BAND). Transcultural Self-efficacy (TSE) of the PHNs, client-nurse trust, and satisfaction with nursing care of MMW were measured. Ten PHNs in the experimental group were interviewed after the experimental study. Results: The experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in TSE, client-nurse trust, and satisfaction with nursing care than did the control group. Six themes emerged from qualitative data: (a) Recognizing cultural differences, (b) Being interested in the multicultural policy, (c) Trying to communicate in MMW’s own language, (d) Providing medical information using internet and smart phone, (e) Embracing culturally diverse people into society, and (f) Requiring ongoing cultural competence training. Conclusion: Cultural competence training enabled PHNs to provide culturally competent care and contribute to MMW’s health outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a neonatal supportive positioning (NSP) training video program for premature infants, using a position support mat for nurses in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and to verify its effect on nurses' performance. Methods: Thirty-five NICU nurses were included in the study. For the pre-test, preliminary check-ups were conducted, questionnaires about NSP knowledge on preterm infants were distributed, and NSP performance using neonatal dolls were video recorded for each participant. PowerPoint presentations and videos were used to educate participants on NSP. Furthermore, a 20-minute one-on-one training session was conducted using an NPS kit. Two weeks after the training, we repeated the process of distributing questionnaires about NSP knowledge and recording nurses’ performance videos using neonatal dolls. Questionnaires and videos collected before and after the training were compared. Results: After NSP training, the mean knowledge score of the participants improved significantly from 23.71 ± 3.62 to 29.51 ± 2.29 (Z ¼ 5.09, p < .001). The performance score for postural supportive positioning was 38.03 ± 7.46 before training and 80.06 ± 9.85 after receiving training, indicating a highperformance score after NSP training (Z ¼ 5.16, p < .001). Conclusion: Our NSP training video program increased nurses’ NSP knowledge and performance. Continuous training NICU nurses on NSP, using a standardized training video program, can help improve the care of premature infants.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a virtual reality (VR) program and simulation training on nursing students’ ability to measure vital signs in children. Methods: This mixed-methods study, which included a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study, was conducted from June 12 to November 15, 2023. Forty-four nurs- ing students from a university in South Korea were randomly assigned to either the ex- perimental or control group. The experimental group first participated in a VR program focused on measuring vital signs in children, followed by a high-fidelity simulation training. The control group received the training in the reverse order. The participants’ knowledge, confidence in practice, and satisfaction with the practice were analyzed us- ing the repeated-measures analysis of variance. VR learning experiences were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: Both the experimental and control groups showed significant increases in knowledge and confidence in practice after the interventions compared to baseline. However, there were no significant differences in changes in knowledge, confidence in practice, and satisfaction with practice between the two groups. Three themes were iden- tified from the nursing students’ experiences with VR learning: ‘realistic learning train- ing,’ ‘overcoming learning limitations,’ and ‘perceiving drawbacks.’Conclusion: The VR program was as effective as high-fidelity simulation training in im- proving nursing students’ ability to measure children’s vital signs. Moreover, VR pro- gram offered additional benefits in addressing limitations of simulation-based learning. These findings suggest that VR program can serve as a valuable educational tool to en- hance pediatric nursing skills.

Highly-intensive exercise occurs in reactive oxygen species which leads to cellular damage as a result of increased oxidative stress mark-ers. An appropriate program design incorporating volume, intensity, and types of exercise may produce different effects amid oxidative status in athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of re-sistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxida-tive stress markers, and physical performance in university athlete sub-jects. The effect of two different protocol types (RT and HIIT) on oxida-tive stress and antioxidant status were also compared. Seventy-two university athletes, were recruited and divided into control, RT, and HIIT groups (n=22/group). The RT group were undertaken a resistance ex-ercise training program of the upper and lower body. The HIIT group performed their exercise training on a cycle ergometer. The training program was 30 min/day, 3 days/wk, continuously over 8 weeks. We observed that long-term RT and HIIT improved blood glutathione and glutathione disulfide redox ratio in all athletes. The results demonstrated that only RT training significantly decreased plasma malondialdehyde. Another finding was that RT and HIIT resulted in similar elicitation of physical performance in the post- compared with pretraining exercise. This study revealed that RT and HIIT programs improved antioxidants and physical performance in university sports athletes. However, oxida-tive markers were only improved following the RT program. This study suggests that RT program is superior to HIIT in improving oxidative stress markers in sport athletes.

In 1990, among the whole population in the world, 2 billion 7000 of them were Christians and 1.1 billion being Muslims. However, over the past 20 years, the Muslim populations has risen steeply to fill the gap between Christians and Muslims. In 2010, the number of Christians was 2.1 billion 7000 and the number of Muslims was 1.6 billion. In addition, by 2050, the number of the two populations is expected to be parallel to 2.9 billion 7000 and 2.7 billion 6000. In the global era, strategic propaganda through immigration and marriage, polygamy and fertility in accordance with Islamic doctrine can be seen as the cause of Islamic growth. Andrea Williams, CEO of CCFON(Christian Concern For Our Nation), said “the churches and societies in Korea must change with the example of England.” His prophetic warning has already come to be reality in Korea. In the case of Korean Muslims, the Muslim population has grown at a rapid rate of about 30% over the past decade, from 2001 to 2011, and has increased by 177% over the past five years. Today, the Korean Muslim population is estimated to be about 150 to 160 thousand. As mentioned in the above statistics, Islam has already surpassed the growth of Christianity at a ferocious pace with active and aggressive missionary activities. Furthermore, with the oil power of the Middle East, Christian churches and Christian countries are being encroached rapidly by Islam. To make matters worse, since the end of the 20th century, religion has been prominently effected by postmodernism, rejecting the absoluteness and accompanying the convenience of extreme selfishness. Also, due to the effects of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the rapid development robots and artificial intelligence industries denied God’s existence and promoted scientism as a new idol, building up a new Tower of Babel. Under such circumstances, the Korean Church is in an absolute need to train missionaries who are equipped with mission strategies and tactics to meet the times, and to fight against the difficulties of the times. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide the necessary skills for modern missions in response to the needs of the times; to develop the values as a professional who can effectively convey the pure Gospel, and professional training programs (which I have investigated the current status of professional mission training programs, focusing on three professional mission training centers and identified the advantages and disadvantages of each mission training centers); and to propose an effective all-weather professional mission training program for the frontier mission in the 21st century.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the " In Dual System of Vocational Training Program " in technical and vocational education so as to solve the "learning gap and reduce the “transaction cost”" between education and business practice. In this study, Use quantitative and qualitative approach ,data were collected through diversified methodological approaches, including literature analysis, questionnaires, interviews and focus-based discussions from related school, partner and participants. The results of this study revealed that the key factoring affect the “Dual System of Vocational Training Program” are as the following;(1) The quality of the project and the approval of the business partners;(2) If the participants know their career plans or like the tards after joining, then they are more likely to work for the same business partner or stay in the same industry.(3)This study also showed that although some participants were not working for the same business partner after the project because the business partner did not satisfy their requirements, but they remain to work in the same industry. This study shows that there is positive value to student benefit with participatory learning.

본 논문에서는 NICE(National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education)의 사이버보안 인력양성 프레임워 크에서 권고하는 보안 소프트웨어 개발 직무에 필요한 기술과 역량을 중심으로 연구하였다. 본 논문에서는 보안 소 프트웨어의 개발 직무에 어떤 보안기술이 필요하고 어떤 보안 역량을 보유해야 하는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 논문 의 초점은 보안 소프트웨어의 개발 직무에 필요한 보안기술(핵심기술과 특화기술)과 국내 서울에 위치한 정보보호 관련 학과의 교육과정 사이의 일치성을 분석하는데 있다. 이 분석을 하는 이유는 서울에 위치한 5개 대학의 정보보 호 관련 학과에서 실시하는 교육과정이 보안 소프트웨어 개발 직무를 수행하는데 얼마나 적합한 교육체계를 갖추고 있는지를 살펴보기 위함이다. 결론적으로, 만일 연구된 5개의 관련 학과가 보안 소프트웨어의 개발 직무 개발자를 집중적으로 양성하고자 한다면, 공통적으로 보안 테스팅과 소프트웨어 디버깅, 시큐어 소프트웨어 개발 방법, 위험관 리, 개인정보식별과 프라이버시, 정보보증에 대한 교육이 필요하다.

In this paper, the technology and capabilities required for the job of developing security software recommended by the Cybersecurity Human Resources Development Framework of the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) were studied. In this paper, we describe what security skills are needed for the task of developing security software and what security capabilities should be held. The focus of this paper is to analyze the consistency between security technologies (core and specialized technologies) required for security software development tasks and the curriculum of information protection-related departments located in Seoul, Korea. The reason for this analysis is to see how the curriculum at five universities in Seoul is suitable for performing security software development tasks. In conclusion, if the five relevant departments studied are to intensively train developers of development tasks for security software, they are commonly required to train security testing and software debugging, how secure software is developed, risk management, privacy and information assurance.

As recreational running continues to gain popularity, more individuals are seeking ways to improve running performance. RunSmart is a run-ning intervention program designed to enhance a runner’s form. In ad-dition to correcting flaws in a runner’s form, RunSmart offers the oppor-tunity for runners to continue a regular regimen while slowly integrating changes in form. The purpose of this case series was twofold: to deter-mine if the RunSmart program coincides with improvements in oxygen consumption (VO2), a variable often associated with better running per-formance times, and to evaluate the RunSmart program in regard to en-hancing gait biomechanics. Five recreational runners volunteered to participate in this program. Subjects initially reported to the clinic for an initial submaximal VO2 treadmill test and lower extremity biomechanical analysis. After the initial testing session, each subject attended one session of one-on-one individualized RunSmart instruction per week for 6 weeks. At the first RunSmart session, subjects received a biomechan-ical analysis to determine their foot strike pattern and areas of muscular weakness and range of motion limitations. Throughout the 6-week run-ning program, participants ran 5 days every week for predetermined times each day; 2 runs every week were designated as interval training runs. Subjects then underwent a follow-up submaximal VO2 treadmill test and lower extremity biomechanical analysis at the end of 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to assess data pertaining to VO2 and biomechanical analysis and compare initial and follow-up testing ses-sions. Following completion of the RunSmart program, subjects demon-strated improvements in VO2 and also improved several biomechanical factors related to the lower extremity running gait. Based on the results from this case series, the RunSmart training program may have the po-tential to change a runner’s form and improve VO2, thus resulting in im-proved distance running times. However, this is speculation given the nonexperimental nature of this case series. Future research on this top-ic should include a greater number of participants in randomized con-trolled trials on injury prevention and running efficiency.