Earticle

목적: 본 연구는 시스틴, 라이신, 프롤린, 아르기닌, 글루탐산, 알라닌과 같은 다양한 아미노산이 함유된 트리트먼트제 사용을 통해 손상된 모발의 모질 개선 효과를 확인하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방법: 트리트먼트제의 모질 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여, 탈색모와 염색모에 플레인 샴푸 혹은 플레인 샴푸 후 트리트먼트 1회 도포, 2회 도포한 후 흡광도를 이용하여 모표피의 정돈정도를 확인하였으며, 모발의 아미노산 함량과 인장강도를 측정하였다. 결과: 모표피의 정돈정도를 확인하기 위하여 탈색모와 염색모의 흡광도를 측정한 결과, 플레인 샴푸보다는 플레인 샴푸 후 트리트먼트 1회 도포한 흡광도 측정값이 낮았고, 트리트먼트 1회 흡광도 값보다는 트리트먼트2회 흡광도 값이 낮아 모질의 손상도가 개선됨을 알 수 있었다. 탈색모와 염색모의 아미노산 함량을 확인한 결과, 플레인 샴푸, 플레인샴푸 후 트리트먼트 1회 도포, 2회 도포 순으로 아미노산 함량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 아미노산 함량이 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 높아진다는 기존의 연구결과를 바탕으로 트리트먼트 처리 후 인장강도를 확인해 본 결과, 아미노산 함량 결과와 동일하게 플레인 샴푸, 플레인 샴푸 후 트리트먼트 1회 도포, 2회 도포 순으로 인장강도가 증가하였다. 결론: 아미노산을 첨가하여 제조한 트리트먼트제를사용할 경우, 손상 모발의 모질 개선의 효과가 있음을 확인하였으므로 가정용, 미용실 전문가용으로 제조하여 사용하는데 충분한 상품가치가 있다고 사료된다.

Purpose: This research investigates how much hair quality could be improved through the use of a hair-treatment agent produced by adding amino acids such as cystine, lysine, proline, arginine, glutamine acid, and alanine. Methods: The research was implemented through measuring hair surface arrangements, amino acid contents, and tensile strength. The following procedure was taken as a research method. Firstly, we prepared bleached and dyed hair, which were based on healthy hair. Secondly, we applied a hair-treatment agent on them as follows: plain shampoo, hair treatment after plain shampoo (once), hair treatment after plain shampoo (twice). Thirdly, we measured absorbance of methylene blue (MB), amino acid contents, and tensile strength. Results: The value of absorbance was lowered and amino acid contents was increased, according to the number of using a hair-treatment agent. The value of tensile strength was increased in the event of applying a hair-treatment agent. Conclusion: We could find that there was improvement of hair quality under the condition of applying a hair-treatment agent rather than that of using a plain shampoo. Thus, hair-treatment agents could be developed as a new product for home use and use by professionals.

目的: 含有胱氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸等氨基酸的护发品使用在损伤的头发时，探索其发质改善 效果。方法: 为了确认头发改善效果，对脱色头发和染色头发分别进行洗发剂洗发，洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理一次， 洗 发剂洗发后用护发品处理两次之后，分别测定其吸光度，确定毛表皮的整理程度、头发的氨基酸含量及头发拉伸强度。 结果: 为了确认毛表皮的整理程度，测定脱色头发和染色头发的吸光度结果，用洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理一次的吸光度值 比只用洗发剂洗发的吸光度值低，用洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理两次的吸光度值比洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理一次的吸光度 值低，从而确认发质的改善效果。脱色头发和染色头发的氨基酸测定结果，按洗发剂洗发、洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理一 次、洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理两次的顺序氨基酸的含量也逐渐增加。随着氨基酸含量的增加，拉伸强度也会增加的研究结 果，用护发品处理后的拉伸强度与氨基酸含量一样，按洗发剂洗发、洗发剂洗发后用护发品处理一次、洗发剂洗发后用护发 品处理两次的顺序拉伸强度也逐渐增加。结论: 在损伤头发上利用含有氨基酸的护发品时，损伤头发的发质明显得到改善。 因此分别制造家庭用以及美容院专业人士使用的护发品，其前景充分具有商业价值。

본 논문은 단일 영상을 이용하여 초해상도 방법을 수행하기 위해 질감-공간 영역을 분리한 뒤 세부정보를 중심으로 특징을 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) 기반의 초해상도는 세부정 보를 개선하기 위한 특징 추정 과정에서의 복잡한 절차와 중복된 특징 정보의 생성으로 인해 초해상도에서 가장 중요한 기준인 품질 저하가 발생할 수 있다. 제안하는 방법은 절차적 복잡성을 줄이고 중복 특징 정보의 생성을 최소화하여 초해상도 결과의 품질을 개선하기 위해 입력 영상을 질감과 공간의 두 채널로 분리하였다. 질감 채널에 서는 세부정보 복원을 위해 다중스케일로 변환한 영상에 단계별 skip-connection을 적용한 잔차 블록 구조를 적용하여 특징 정제 과정을 수행함으로써 특징 추출을 개선하였고, 공간 채널에서는 평활화된 형태의 특징을 활용 하여 잡음을 제거하고 구조적 특징을 유지하도록 하였다. 제안하는 방법을 이용해 실험한 결과 기존 초해상도 방법 대비 PSNR 및 SSIM 성능 평가에서 향상된 결과를 보여 품질이 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this paper, I proposes a method for performing single image super resolution by separating texture-spatial domains and then classifying features based on detailed information. In CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) based super resolution, the complex procedures and generation of redundant feature information in feature estimation process for enhancing details can lead to quality degradation in super resolution. The proposed method reduced procedural complexity and minimizes generation of redundant feature information by splitting input image into two channels: texture and spatial. In texture channel, a feature refinement process with step-wise skip connections is applied for detail restoration, while in spatial channel, a method is introduced to preserve the structural features of the image. Experimental results using proposed method demonstrate improved performance in terms of PSNR and SSIM evaluations compared to existing super resolution methods, confirmed the enhancement in quality.

As a study on the suggestion for the development of formulations using rheological properties of basic polymers in the cosmetic beauty field, the results of visco-elasticity measurement using five representative polymer raw materials, Xanth Gum, Pemulen TR-1, Carbopol 981, Amigel R, and Na-Hyaluronate, were reported. The pH value obtained by dissolving the five types of polymers in 0.5-1.0w% was 5.8-6.0. The appearance was all transparent gel and each had its own specific odor. The viscosity was measured for a sample in which a concentration of 1 wt% of five types of polymers was dissolved in purified water, and as the concentration of polymer increased, the viscosity increased, and as the sensitivity of use increased, the stickiness increased. As a result of measuring the rheological properties of polymers, it was found that the initial viscosity showed a difference in viscosity in the order of Pemulen TR-1 > Carbopol 981 > Xanthan Gum > Amigel R > Na-Hyaluronate. It was found that the four types of polymers except Na-Hyaluranate were greatly affected by the speed of share. In the case of Carbopol 981, MIU had the lowest friction coefficient of 1.3358, indicating that the smoothness was the best in the relationship between measuring the friction coefficient of polymers and the development of cosmetic formulations. In addition, for Pemulene TR-1, Xanth Gum, Amigel R, and Na-Hyaluronate, it had a slight coefficient of friction from 1.5883 to 2.061. The thixotropy measurement results of the polymer using a rheometer showed that the stress(t) value also increased as the share rate increased, and it was found that Pemulen TR-1 had a higher sensitivity to shear rate than Xanthan Gum. In the dynamic strain sweep test using a rheometer, G' (storage modulus) and G" (loss modulus) could be used as important indicators of the viscoelastic properties of the sample. G' can interpret the properties of elastic components, and G' can evaluate the properties of viscous components. Based on these characteristics, if applied to the development of new formulations, it is expected to be widely applied to the K-Beauty cosmetics industry in the 21st century. In the future, it is expected that this rheology rheological behavior will be expanded to areas with high value for convergence with sensory evaluation of use.

○ 본고는 고해상도 유물 3D 스캔(Scan)을 위한 사진측량(Photogrammetry) 디바이스의 설계와 개발, 성능 실험 및 이종 스캔데이터 융합을 목적으로 비롯되었다. 새로운 시대를 맞아 문화유산의 디지털화가 가속되어가고 있는 현재 해상도가 높은 텍스처(Texture)를 취득하기 위해서 사진측량은 결코 배제할 수 없는 스캔방법 중의 하나이다. 본문에서는 이에 대응하기 위한 최적화된 사진측량의 방법을 제안하고, 관련 디바이스(Device) 장치의 설계와 제작, 그리고 성능 실험을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 고해상도의 유물 3D 텍스처 데이터를 생성하였으나, 사진측량의 단점 중 하나로 거론되는 상대적으로 낮은 메쉬 품질을 완전하게 극복할 수는 없었다. 다만, 정확도 측면에서는 구조광 스캐너 등 다른 정밀한 스캔방법을 통해 생성된 데이터와 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다.결론적으로 메쉬, 텍스처, 정확도가 모두 우수한 고품질의 유물 3D모델을 생성하기 위해서는 여러 스캔방법을 동시적으로 사용하여 하나의 스캔데이터로 융합하는 것이 최선의 대안이자 문화유산 디지털화 기록과 보존을 위한 최적의 방법이라고 판단하였다.

This paper aims to design, develop, and test the performance of a photogrammetry device for high-resolution 3D scanning of artifacts, as well as to explore the fusion of heterogeneous scan data. With the accelerating digitization of cultural heritage in the modern era, photogrammetry remains an indispensable scanning method for acquiring high-quality textures. In this study, we propose an optimized photogrammetry method, present the design and fabrication of a corresponding device, and conduct performance experiments. Through this process, we successfully generated high-resolution 3D texture data of artifacts. However, one of the inherent limitations of photogrammetry-relatively lower mesh quality-could not be completely overcome. Nonetheless, in terms of accuracy, the photogrammetric results showed no significant difference when compared with data obtained from other precise scanning methods such as structured light scanners.In conclusion, we determine that the only viable solution for creating high-quality 3D models of artifacts is to integrate multiple scanning methods into a single dataset. This approach currently represents the most effective means for the digital documentation and preservation of cultural heritage.

본 논문은 입체사진측량기법(photogrammetry)을 활용하여 3D데이터를 생성하는 경우에 UAV촬영 방법의 차이가 데이터 의 유효성에 어떠한 차이를 발생시키는지에 대하여 다룬다. 유효성이 높은 3D데이터는 영상 취득 대상의 정교한 촬영을 통해 중첩도가 조밀하고 취득사진의 수량이 많을수록 생성할 수 있다. 반대로 피사체의 히든 부분이나 촬영구간이 누락되는 부분이 증가할수록 3D데이터로써 유효성이 낮게 평가된다. 유효성의 차이를 비교하기 위하여 드론의 동등한 촬영환경조건(촬영시 간, 비행고도, 촬영사진수량, 촬영각도)에서 크게 격자비행(grid) 촬영경로와 원주비행(circle)촬영경로로 영상을 촬영한 다음 취득된 영상을 소프트웨어에서 3D(mesh) 데이터의 텍스쳐(texture) 및 폴리건(polygon)의 유효성을 비교분석하였다. 실험 데 이터를 분석한 결과, 원주비행이 격자비행보다 누락되는 부분이 상대적으로 적고 더 세밀한 3D데이터를 생성 할 수 있었으며, 3D랜더링 이미지결과물을 비교하여 구체적인 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

To improve the productivity of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), seven different types of media for liquid spawn (denoted as “A” to “G”) were prepared with 0.3% soybean meal and varying sugar and glucose concentrations. During 14 days of incubation, the pH of the liquid culture gradually acidified with increasing incubation period. Additionally, there was a significant, but not prominent, difference in the degree of acidification depending on the sugar to glucose ratio. Liquid spawn culture “G,” which had the highest sugar content was the most acidic on the last day of incubation. Mycelium dry weight increased significantly with increasing incubation period, and there was no significant difference in mycelium dry weight irrespective of the sugar to glucose ratio even after 14 days of culture. The inoculation of liquid spawn in sawdust medium with an inoculation volume ≥ 45 mL and incubation period of 15 to 18 days were the optimal culture conditions. Productivity of fruit bodies in sawdust medium and mushrooms treated with liquid spawn was significantly higher compared to solid spawn treatment. The mushrooms treated with liquid spawn had better chewiness, and the free amino acid content, which is associated with savory taste, was higher in these mushrooms compared to those treated with solid spawn.

본 논문에서는 문자 영역의 패턴을 분석하여 배경 영역을 제거하는 방법을 제안하였다. 명암이 일정한 영역을 구분하는 MSER(Maximally Stable External Regions)방법의 문자 검출에서는 배경 영역이 포함되어 검출되었다. 이 러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 자연 이미지에서 MSER 방법을 사용하여 명암 값이 차이가 나는 영역과 차이가 나지 않는 영역 즉 문자 영역과 배경 영역을 구해 변화율을 계산하여 배경을 제거하였다. 그러나 배경이 제거된 이미지에서 일부 제거되지 않는 배경 영역이 생겨 LBP(Local Binary Patterns)방법을 사용하여 이미지에서 균일한 값을 갖는 영역을 문자 영역이라고 판단하고 문자를 검출하였다. 실험 데이터는 배경이 단순한 이미지, 문자가 정면으로 구성된 이미지, 문자가 기울어진 이미지 등의 다양한 자연 이미지를 실험하였다. 제안하는 방법을 기존의 MSER, MSER+LBP 방법의 문자 검출 방법과 비교하였을 때 약 1.73%로 높은 검출률을 보였다.

In this paper, we propose a method to remove the background area by analyzing the pattern of the character area. In the character detection result of the MSER(Maximally Stable External Regions) method which distinguishes a region having a constant contrast background regions were detected. To solve this problem, we use the MSER method in natural images, the background is removed by calculating the change rate by searching the character area and the background area which are not different from the areas where the contrast values are different from each other. However, in the background removed image, using the LBP(Local Binary Patterns) method, the area with uniform values in the image was determined to be a character area and character detection was performed. Experiments were carried out with simple images with backgrounds, images with frontal characters, and images with slanted images. The proposed method has a high detection rate of 1.73% compared with the conventional MSER and MSER + LBP method.

To improve the productivity of Pleurotus ostreatus, different conditions of liquid spawn culture were tested. The optimum culture conditions were potato dextrose broth, incubation temperature of 22oC, and pH 6. Fifteen different media (‘A’ to ‘O’) containing 0.3% soybean meal (SM) were prepared by varying sugar and glucose contents. The cultures were propagated in SM media for 14 days, at 22oC, and pH 6. Their absorbances were higher after 14 days of incubation in the media containing both sugar and glucose. In particular, the absorbance of media containing 5 to 20% of glucose alone (‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’, and ‘F’) tended to increase in the incubation period. Dry cell weight was lower in media containing less than 20% sugar or glucose alone than in media containing 30% sugar (‘A’) or 30% glucose (‘B’) alone. In sawdust media, in 900 mLbottle, the optimum inoculation volume of liquid spawn was 15 to 20 mL. The texture of the mushroom cultivated with the liquid spawn was superior to that cultivated in the solid spawn.

본 연구의 목적은 즉각적인 감성을 자극시킬 수 있는 색채와 재료가 표현된 디자인의 분석을 통해 색채와 재료가 상호 밀접한 관계를 가지고, 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 도시공간에서 색채와 재료가 적극적으로 사용되어 사람들의 감성을 자극시키고 있다고 판단되는 대구광역시의 「김광석 다시그리기 길」을 대상지로 선정하여, 대상지에 사용된 색채와 재료를 분석하였다. 분석결과 파사드와 벽화에 사용된 색상은 상이하나 유사한 명도·채도 범주 내의 색채를 사용함으로써, 공간 구성요소 간 색채조화에 대한 고려가 되고있음을 알 수 있다. 측색된 색채를 I.R.I 색채연구소의 형용사 이미지로 치환시켜 해석한 결과 구역별로 벽화와 파사드 간 서로 유사한 형용사 이미지가 도출되는 것으로 보아 시각적으로 공통된 색채이미지를 형성하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 사용된 재료를 분석 한 결과 콘크리트, 노출콘크리트, 드라이비트 등의 인공적 재료와 목재, 벽돌, 석재 등의 자연적 재료가 혼합되어 사용되고 있었으며, 재료의 가공방법에 따른 질감과 종류에 따라 다양한 형용사적 이미지를 연출하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대상지에 사용된 색채와 재료를 분석하여 종합한 결과, 도시공간의 디자인에서는 색채와 재료를 기본요소로 하고 상호보완적 관계를 지님으로써 인간의 감성을 자극하고 있는 것으로 나타난다.

The purpose of this study is to understand rje relation between color and material in architectural facade and wall-painting. The design expression and the usage of color and material can stimulate immediate emotion to human. In this study, "Kim Gwang-seok redraw road" in Daegu, which is considered to stimulate people's emotions through active use of colors and materials in the designated space, was selected as a target area. By the analysis, there are different requirement in he usage of color in building facade and wall-paintings. The scope of hue is diverse as building facade and wall-paintings, but the categories of value and chroma is similar each other. In the color adjective images are similar to each other between wall-paintings and building facade, too. As a result of survey of material usage, they have a various processing method with texture and pattern. Finally, the usage of color and material has complementary relation in the environmental space and designated street.

This study a object, That outward form of human hair only looks beautiful image, not stop, not from changes that help the human body and the date of the internal image changchulin completely made that beautiful fully developed to produce new human beings can be seen as an important role. In addition, the representational aspect of postmodernism tend disciplines, as do one trillion aspects of postmodern dislocation of hair design is possible, you can understand. First, texture, form a line gateuna One length cut is another cut and commonly called Parallel cut heavy shot is reminiscent of the feeling. Pararel cut cuts only the formal concept of creating a modern sensibility designed by combining the classic styling of the results, rather than a massage Name when directed geotmareumeuro curls were expressed as a youthful freshness. Second, the texture and the angle according to the treatment of mixed cut Graduation cut the angle and connected by a layer of fine representation of the scalp hair, depending on the angle perpendicular to the surface by creating a detailed layer is giving. In addition to patingseon, texture, cut, depending on the variety of techniques to make changes to be expressed. Mass media, especially the Graduation cut hairstyles people prefer the modern style has been featured frequently. Third, due to changes in the structural form of each procedure by the lines and angles in harmony Uniform layer cut any part of the scalp eseona set the reference point and if the cuts go over the structure of the head matches the natural length can be achieved. The result been postmodernism and get cut hair style when you want to change through the effective way to study the angle, shape and texture according to the changes in the style showed. Increase layer cut also cut with a feeling of lightness to the desired layer syagikeoteu, Kurt Wolf, etc. Pointing to use Stroke cut technique or by using the technique was able to give a lighter texture.

Background: Cooking temperature and consequently doneness of beef muscles are most important for the palatability and consumer acceptability. Current study assessed the response of mechanical texture of Hanwoo muscles as a function of cooking temperature at different ageing days. Six muscles (Psoas major (PM), Longissimus thoracics (LT), Gluteus medius (GM), Semimembranosus (SM), Biceps femoris (BF) and Triceps brachii (TB)) were collected from each 10 Hanwoo steers. Warner-Bratzler WB-shear force (WBSF) and texture profile analysis (TPA) texture profiles were determined after 3 or 21 days of chiller, and randomly assigned to four groups; non-cooked, cooked at 55, 70 or 85 °C. Results: Toughness of WBSF and TPA hardness of Hanwoo muscles were presence in the order of LT = PM = GM= SM< BF = TB (p < 0.001) for non-cooked raw muscle, and PM< LT = GM= SM < TB=BF (p < 0.001) for cooked meat aged for 3 days. WBSF linearly increased in 3 days aged meats after cooked at a higher temperature (P < 0.05). On the other hand, toughening of the muscles were significantly (P < 0.05) differed at various temperature when muscles were aged for 21 days. WBSF of PM and LT muscles were significantly increased at a higher cooking temperature, while other muscles (i.e., GM, SM, BF, TB) showed the lowest values at 70 °C. In the case of TPA hardness, the effect of cooking temperature was very less in the toughness of themuscle (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, these findings clearly showed that the toughness of the muscle highly depends and varies upon the temperature and ageing of the muscle. Moreover, the effect of cooking temperature was very limited on aged muscles. The results mirror the importance of cooking temperature for objective measurements which ultimately estimate sensory tenderness and other quality traits.

제조업을 포함한 다양한 산업 분야에서 디지털 트윈을 활용하여 사업적인 운용 성능을 극대화하고 있다. 그러나 건축 분야의 디지털 트윈은 표현하고자 하는 공간의 범위가 매우 넓기 때문에 필요한 데이터 양도 증가하 게 되어 디지털 트윈 구현에 어려움이 있지만, 이를 최적화하는 방식을 통해 그 효과를 높이고 있다. 이에 본 연 구는 디지털 트윈 기술을 사용하여 실제의 건물을 스캔하고 이로부터 생성된 데이터의 Texture mapping 오차를 최적화하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 통해 기존의 가상공간과는 다른 메타버스 플랫폼의 기반구축과 그 특징을 알아 보고자 한다. Leica RTC360, 3D Scanner, Metrix Camera, Drone으로 스캔한 실제의 섬과 건물 내부, 외부의 XR 데이터를 디지털 트윈과 접목해 생산한 후, LoD(Level of Detail)를 적용한 최적화 과정을 거쳐 시각화하였 다. 결과적으로 최적화된 디지털 트윈 Mesh와 Texture Mapping을 활용해 더욱 생동감 있는 메타 아일랜드 플랫 폼을 구축할 수 있으며, 이는 가상공간 속에서 콘텐츠의 다양성을 높이는 기회 요소로 작용할 것이다. 이는 새로 운 사용자층의 형성과 그에 따른 사용자 간의 상호작용을 촉진하여 공동체적 유대감 형성에 효과를 낼 것이다.

Digital twins are used to maximize business operational performance in various industries, including manufacturing. However, since the digital twin in the architecture field has a very wide range of spaces to be expressed, the amount of data required increases, making it difficult to implement the digital twin, but it is increasing its effectiveness through optimization. Therefore, This study proposes a method of scanning real buildings using digital twins and optimizing the texture mapping error of the generated data, and through this, a meta bus platform base different from the existing virtual space is established and its characteristics are investigated. Accordingly, the actual island, inside, and outside XR data scanned with Trimble TX8, 3D Scanner, Metrix Camera, and Drone were produced by combining them with digital twins, and then visualized by applying LoD (Level of Detail) to optimize them. As a result, a more lively meta-island platform can be built by optimizing the texture mapping process using digital twins, and as an opportunity factor to increase the diversity of content in virtual space, it will contribute to the formation of a new user layer and the resulting interaction between users.

본 논문은 펫 휴머니제이션 현상으로 펫푸드 시장이 질적으로 고도화되었음에도, 불구하고, 여전히 「사료관 리법」상 축산 생산 수단적 관점에 머물러 있는 현행 관 리 체계의 한계를 조명하고 실증적인 물성 표준화 방안 을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 우선 KS H 4897 및 법정 관 리 체계와의 비교·분석을 통해 펫푸드 물성 규격화의 제 도적 미비점을 규명하였다. 또한, 반려견 보호자 71명을 대상으로 시행한 설문조사 결과, 응답자의 97.0%가 제품 구매 시 물성을 주요하게 고려하나 54.0%는 제조사별 다 른 마케팅 용어로 인해 선택의 어려움을 겪고 있음을 확 인하였다. 특히 단단한 제형으로 인한 치아 및 잇몸 손상 경험(15.0%)과 습식 급여 중 사레 경험(46.0%) 등 실질적 인 급여 안전사고 실태를 통해 정량적 지표 도입의 당위 성을 확보하였다. 이를 바탕으로 반려견의 해부학적 구조 와 체급별 치악력 등 수의학적 근거를 반영하여 유동식 부터 고강직식까지 아우르는 5단계의 ‘반려견 Texture-Code’를 도출하였다. 본 논문은 영양 성분에 치 중되었던 기존 품질 관리 패러다임을 물리적 섭식 안전 분야로 확장하고, 향후 반려동물의 지위 변화를 반영한 선진적 사료 관리 체계 수립을 위한 기초 자료를 제공한 다는 점에서 학술적·제도적 의의를 지닌다.

This study aims to address the limitations of the current pet food management system under the Control of Livestock and Fish Feed Act, which still views pet food as a means of livestock production despite the qualitative advancement of the market driven by Pet Humanization. Through a comparative analysis with Korean Industrial Standards for senior-friendly foods (KS H 4897) and relevant legal frameworks, the study identified institutional gaps in pet food texture standardization. A survey of 71 dog owners revealed that while 97.0% consider texture a key factor in purchasing, 54.0% experience confusion due to inconsistent marketing terms across manufacturers. Furthermore, empirical evidence of feeding safety issues, such as dental or gingival injuries (15.0%) and choking or coughing during feeding (46.0%), underscored the necessity for quantitative indicators. Based on these findings, this study proposed the "Canine Texture-Code," a five-stage quantitative framework ranging from liquid/puree to high-hardness food, incorporating veterinary evidence such as esophageal anatomy and bite force by body size. This research holds academic and institutional significance by expanding the quality control paradigm from nutrient-focused standards to physical feeding safety, providing a fundamental basis for establishing an advanced pet food management system that reflects the evolving social status of companion animals.

This study focused on a Visual texture of image and it has been very important for hair-style. The Visual texture of hair-style image tells lightness or from hair-style. wav hair-style color hair-style and it also could tell visual Texture mood. A Hair style object reveals its meaning and image through from, color, wave and meterial. The purpose of this study Is More specific research questions are First, it demonstrates that how texture of hair can be influential to hair-style and what can be the application methods. Second, it demonstrates as a visual factor for a work that how different between texture cared hair and not-cared hair according to techniques. As we look a trend historically, could realize the change of hair texture by hair-styling. Therefore, people who want to be more special hair-designer need to be fully aware of more various texture-expression for hair-styling. Provide plentiful information and ideas to today′s designers of the world.