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This study investigated the reliability of ultrasound in combination with surface electromyogram (EMG) for evaluating the activity of the abdom-inal muscles in individuals with and without low back pain during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM). The study recruited ten indi-viduals with or without low back pain, respectively. While the partici-pants were performing the ADIM, the activities of the transversus ab-dominis (TrA) and the internal oblique (IO) were measured using ultra-sound, while the activities of the external oblique (EO) and the rectus abdominis (RA) were measured using surface EMG. Intra-class cor-relation coefficients (ICC) were used to verify the inter-rater reliability of ultrasound in combination with surface EMG at rest and during the ADIM, and Bland-Altman plots were used to verify intra-rater reliability. The inter-rater reliability for the two groups at rest and during the ADIM was excellent (ICC2,1=0.77-0.95). In the Bland-Altman plots, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement in the abdominal muscles of the two groups at rest were -0.03~0.03 mm (-0.66 to 0.60 mm) and -0.12~ -0.05 (-0.58 to 0.48% MVIC), respectively. The mean differences and 95% limits of agreement in the abdominal muscles of the two groups during the ADIM were -0.04~0.02 mm (-0.73 to 0.65 mm) and -0.19~0.05% MVIC (-1.24 to 1.34% MVIC), respectively. The ultrasound in combination with surface EMG showed excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability at rest and during the ADIM.

The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and interrater reliability of measuring shoulder range of motion (ROM) and strength among patients diagnosed with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Twenty-five patients (14 female patients; mean age, 60.4± 7.84 years) diagnosed with SAIS were assessed to determine the intrarater reliability for glenohumeral ROM. Twenty-five patients (16 female patients; mean age, 60.4± 7.80 years) and 76 asymptomatic volunteers (52 female volunteers; mean age, 29.4± 14.1 years) were assessed for interrater reliability. Dependent variables were active shoulder ROM and isometric strength. Intrarater reliability was fair-to-excellent for the SAIS patients (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.52–0.97; standard error of measurement [SEM], 4.4°–9.9° N; coefficient of variation [CV], 7.1%–44.9%). Based on the ICC, 11 of 12 parameters (92%) displayed an excellent reliability (ICC> 0.75). The interrater reliability showed fair-to-excellent results (SAIS patients: ICC, 0.13–0.98; SEM, 2.3°–8.8°; CV, 3.6%–37.0%; controls: ICC, 0.11–0.96; SEM, 3.0°–35.4°; CV, 5.6%– 26.4%). In accordance with the intrarater reliability, glenohumeral adduction ROM was the only parameter with an ICC below 0.75 for both samples. Painful shoulder ROM in the SAIS patients showed no influence on the quality of reliability for measurement. Therefore, these protocols should be considered reliable assessment techniques in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of painful shoulder conditions such as SAIS.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 개발된 아동감각처리척도(Sensory Processing Scale-Children; SPS-C)의 안정성 확립을 위해 감각처리에 어려움을 가진 만 3~5세 아동의 보호자를 대상으로 검사- 재검사 신뢰도와 검사자간 신뢰도를 검증하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 감각처리에 어려움을 가진 3~5세 아동 70명이었다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증은 감각처리에 어려움을 가진 아동의 주 양육자 20명이 대상이었다. 초기평가 후 7~14일 내로 재평 가를 실시하였고, 두 시점 간 관련성은 피어슨 상관계수를, 일치도는 급내상관계수를 사용하였다. 검사자 간 신뢰도 검증은 감각처리에 어려움을 가진 아동의 주 양육자, 부 양육자 각각 18명을 대상으로 하였다. 두 검사자 간의 일치도 확인은 급내상관계수를 사용하였다. 결과 : 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 피어슨 상관계수 r=.914, 급내상관계수 ICC=.939로 높은 수준의 관련성과 일치도를 나타냈다. 검사자간 신뢰도는 급내상관계수 ICC=.727로 좋은 일치도를 나타냈으나 촉각 영역 (ICC=.455)과 고유감각 영역(ICC=.439)은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, 보통의 일치도를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 아동감각처리척도(SPS-C)는 검사-재검사 신뢰도와 검사자간 신뢰도가 검증되어 안정성 있는 평가도구임을 확인하였으며, 추후 임상적 사용을 위한 표준화 연구에 도움을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

Objective : This study examined the test–retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C). Method : Senventy primary caregivers of children with sensory processing difficulties and 3 years old participated in the study. The subjects were recruited through child development centers, welfare centers, and acquaintances located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Busan, and Gyeongsang-do. The test-retest reliability verification targeted 20 main caregivers of children with difficulty in sensory processing. Re-evaluation was performed within 7 to 14 days after the initial evaluation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to confirm the relevance between the two time points, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to confirm the degree of agreement. The interrater reliability verification was conducted with 18 primary caregivers and 18 subsidiary caregivers of children with sensory processing difficulties. Each caregiver evaluated the same child, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to confirm the agreement between the two sets of caregivers. Results : The test-retest reliability was Pearson's correlation coefficient r=.914 and intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=.939, indicating a high level of relevance and agreement. The interrater reliability was an Intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=.727, which showed a moderate level of agreement, but the tactile area (ICC=.455) and proprioceptive area (ICC=.439) were not statistically significant and showed a low degree of agreement. Conclusion : Through this study, it was confirmed that the children's Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C) is a stable evaluation tool with test-retest reliability and interrater reliability verified, and it will be able to provide help in standardization studies for future clinical use.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the R.I.G.H.T. leadership scale. Methods: The scale was translated following the World Health Organization’s recommended guidelines. Validity was evaluated using content validity, confirmatory factor analysis, item-convergent validity, and convergent validity, along with the psychological safety scale and the mental health scale. Reliability was assessed by measuring internal consistency. Results: All 15 items had I-CVI values above 0.78, and an S-CVI above 0.90, indicating high content validity. The factor analysis confirmed the construct validity, and the convergent validity analysis revealed a significant correlation with mental health and psychological safety. Cronbach's ⍺ was above 0.8, indicating strong internal consistency. Conclusions: The Korean version of the R.I.G.H.T. leadership scale, comprising 15 items distributed across five sub-factors (recognition, involvement, growth and development, health and safety, and teamwork) is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating leadership among public health center officers.

이 연구는 죽고자 하는 의도 없이 자신의 신체를 직접적, 의도적으로 해를 끼치거나 훼손하는 행위(Nock, 2009) 인 비자살적 자해(Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, NSSI)에 대한 아동용 비자살적 자해 척도(NSSI-C)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2022~2023년 2년에 걸쳐 경상남도 소재 초등학생 4~6학년 아동 873명의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 아동용 비자살적 자해 척도(NSSI)의 1부 ‘비자살적 자해 행동의 종류’와 2부 ‘비자살적 자해의 이유’의 2개 하위척도에 대한 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석을 실시하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 분 석하였다. 첫째, 1부 ‘비자살적 자해 행동의 종류’ 척도는 14개 문항 중 요인부하량이 낮은 4개 문항을 제거하여 최종적으로 ‘때리기와 뽑기’, ‘피부손상’의 2가지 하위요인을 도출하였다. 2부 ‘비자살적 자해 행동의 이유’ 척도 는 30개 문항 중 요인부하량이 낮은 11개 문항을 제거하고 최종적으로 ‘개인적 기능’, ‘사회적 기능’의 2가지 하 위요인을 도출하였다. 둘째, NSSI-C의 신뢰도를 알아보기 위해, 내적 합치도(Cronbach's α)와 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 검토하였다. 1부 ‘비자살적 자해 행동의 종류’의 내적 합치도는 .74, 교정된 상관계수(corrected-r)로 확인한 검사-재 검사 신뢰도는 .70이었다. 2부 ‘비자살적 자해 행동의 이유’의 내적 합치도는 .91, 교정된 상관계수로 확인한 검 사-재검사 신뢰도는 .72로 두 척도 모두 양호한 신뢰도를 보였다. 셋째, 아동용 비자살적 자해 척도의 수렴 및 변별 타당도를 알아보기 위해 7개 타당도 지표와의 상관을 구하였다. 그 결과, 1부, 2부 두 척도 모두 스트레스 인, 부정 긴급성, 반추, 불안, 우울, 분노, 파괴적 행동, 자살사고와는 정적 상관, 사회적 지지, 삶의 만족도, 긍정 적 정서와는 부적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 우리나라 아동을 대상으로 비자살적 자해 행동을 진 단할 수 있는 아동용 비자살적 자해 척도에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 후속 연 구에서는 아동의 비자살적 자해에 관한 임상, 비임상 집단과 전국 단위의 사례 파악을 통한 교차타당화 할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the reliability and validity of non-suicidal self-injury scale for children(NSSI-C), an act of directly and intentionally harming or damaging one's body (Nock, 2009), without the intention of dying. To this end, data from 873 elementary school students in the 4th to 6th grades in Gyeongsangnam-do were collected and analyzed over two years from 2022-2023. The NSSI-C consists of two subscales: Part 1 ‘Type of Non-Suicide Self-Injuries Behavior’ and Part 2 ‘Reason for Non-Suicide Self-Injuries’, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and validity of each scale were analyzed. First, the Part 1 ‘Type of Non-Suicide Self-Injuries Behavior’ scale was found to be two sub-factors of ‘skin damage’ and ‘Slapping and hair plucking’ as a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on 10 items that removed 4 items with a low factor load out of 14 items. The Part 2 ‘Reason for Non-Suicide Self-Injuries’ scale was found to be two sub-factors of ‘personal function’, ‘social function’ as a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on 19 literary activities that removed 11 items with a low factor load out of 30 items. Second, in order to find out the reliability of the non-suicide self-injury scale (NSSI-C) for children, the internal agreement (Cronbach's α) and the test-retest reliability were reviewed. The internal agreement of Part 1 ‘the type of non-suicide self-harm behavior’ was .74, and the test-retest reliability confirmed by the corrected correlation coefficient (Corrected-r) was .70. The internal agreement of Part 2 ‘the reason for non-suicide self-harm behavior’ was .91, and the test-retest reliability confirmed by the corrected correlation coefficient was .72, indicating good reliability on both scales. Third, the correlation with seven validity indicators was calculated to find out the convergence and discrimination validity of NSSI-C. NSSI-C was positively correlated with stress, negative urgency, rumination, anxiety, depression, anger, destructive behavior, and suicide accidents, and negatively correlated with social support, life satisfaction, and positive emotions. This study is significant in that it confirmed the reliability and validity of NSSI-C that can diagnose non-suicide self-injury behavior in elementary school children in Korea. In the follow-up study, it is thought that it is necessary to cross-validate the case of non-suicide in children through identification of clinical and non-clinical groups and national levels.

Objectives: This study evaluated the perception on importance of interprofessional core competencies (PI-ICCP) scale. Methods: Data were collected from 353 college students of health. Content validity was tested using the content validity index for individual items(I-CVI) and for scale(S-CVI). Criterion validity was tested using the professional competencies scale developed by Choi. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. The goodness-of-fit of the construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The I-CVI of each item was .8 or higher for all items, and the S-CVI was .98. The reliability of the PI-IPCC was Cronbach's α=.98. The goodness-of-fit indices of the model were χ2=1811.54(p<.001), the comparative fit index (CFI)=.91, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=.08, which satisfied the criteria. Conclusions: The construct and criterion-related validity of the perception for PI-ICCP scale were a good fit, so the instrument is appropriate for measuring perception on importance of interprofessional core competencies. Further research will be required using this instrument to investigate perception of interprofessional core competencies of health professionals.

본 연구는 10명의 남자 대학생을 대상으로 윈게이트 측정 시 출발알림 신호에 따라 무산소파워 요인의 차이와 반복측정 신뢰성을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 신호는 검사자의“시작” 구호(1), 자발적 인지(2), 알람(종소리, 3)를 적 용하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 피크파워(PP)는 검사자구호와 알람의 결과보다 자발적으로 카운트를 인지 결과 에서 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 둘째, 평균파워(MP)의 결과에서는 자발적인지 가 검사자구호와 알람신호에 비해 다소 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 피크 파워 도달시간(PPinT)에서는 자발적 인지의 도달시간이 검사자구호와 알람신호에 비해 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 통계 적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 넷째, 복측정에 다른 신뢰성검사를 위해 차이 값의 평균 퍼센트(%), 상, 하위 값 퍼센트 (%) 범위를 확인한 결과 전체 결과에서 알람신호 반복측정결과에서 현저히 낮은 퍼센트를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 윈게이트 측정 시 측정 알림신호에 주의 깊은 적용은 외부적인 오차요인을 줄일 수 있는 또 다른 방법으로 제안되며, 반복측정 시 측정의 통일성에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of anaerobic power factor and repeat measurement reliability according to the start notification signal for 10 male college students. The result is as follows. First, the peak power(PP) was higher in the voluntary cognition results than the results of the examiner relief and alarm, and showed a statistically significant difference. Second, the mean power(MP) result showed that spontaneous cognition was somewhat higher than examiner relief and alarm signal, but there was no statistically significant difference. Third, peak power in time(PPinT), the arrival time of spontaneous cognition was faster than the examiner's slogan and alarm signal, and showed statistically significant difference. Fourth, the average percent(%), upper and lower value percent(%) ranges of the difference values for the different reliability tests for the double measurement showed significantly lower percentages in the alarm signal repeat measurement results. These results suggest that careful application of measurement alert signals to wingate measurements is another way to reduce external error factors, which may have a positive impact on the uniformity of measurements during repeated measurements.

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 재활의 결과 측정 및 지역사회 참여와 통합의 정도를 확인하기 위해 미국에서 개발된 Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique(CHART)를 번역과정을 거쳐 한국 번역판 CHART 를 완성하였으며, 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하였다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상자로는 지역사회에 거주하는 척수손상 환자 100명과 장애가 없는 일반인 100명으로 총 200명이었다. 번역 및 역번역 검증을 통해 CHART-K를 완성하였고, 국내에 적용하기 위해 예비연 구를 진행하였다. 이 후 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였다. 결과 : 내용타당도는 0.97로 높은 수준을 수립하였으며, 삭제된 문항은 없었다. 판별타당도 검증에서는 척수손 상 환자의 총점수의 평균은 일반인 대상자보다 낮은 점수를 확인하였고 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다 (p<.01). 수렴타당도 검증에서 Korean-Community Integration Questionnaire(K-CIQ)와 상관관계 분 석을 실시한 결과 .524로 통계적으로도 유의미하였다(p<.01). 내적일치도는 Cronbach’s α .628로 양호한 수준이었으며, 검사-재검사 .730~ .992로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 CHART를 번역하고 국내의 실정에 맞게 CHART-K를 완성하고, 신뢰도 및 타당도 를 확인하였다. 따라서 척수손상 환자의 국내 재활의 결과 측정 및 지역사회 참여와 통합의 정도를 측정 하고 기존 평가도구의 한계점을 보완한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Objective: In order to measure the result of domestic rehabilitation and find out the level of participation and communities integration, this study translated Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique(CHART) and completed its Korean version, and verified its reliability and validity. Methods: Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique-Korean(CHART-K) was completed through translation and back translation, and to apply it domestically, a pilot study was conducted. As for the result of the internal consistency, cronhach’s α, Pearson correlation coefficient. Afterwards, reliability and validity were verified. Results: Content validity index was calculated result stood at 0.97, which was high level, and no questions were deleted. Discriminant validity of CHART-K was tested average of the total score of the patients with spinal cord injury was lower than that of ordinary group, and the difference was statistically significant(p<.01). For convergent validity, correlation analysis was carried out with K-CIQ and the figure stood at .524, a statistically significant level(p<.01). Internal consistency was good with Cronbach’s α .628 and test and retest results showed a significant correlation of .730~ .992(p<.01). Conclusion: This study translated CHART, completed CHART-K suitable for domestic situation, and reliability and validity was confirmed. It is expected that CHART-K could be used as a tool to measure the degree of rehabilitation for patients with spinal cord injury and to find out the level of their participation and integration in the community integration, complementing the limitations of existing assessment tools.

The purpose of this study was to accurately translate the Korean version of the American Physical Therapy Association's Professionalism in Physical Therapy: Core Values (PPTCV) self-assessment to assess the levels of professionalism among Korean registered physical therapists in an industrial accident hospital. The 68-item PPTCV self-assessment was translated, and the content review was performed by a translation panel. After content review, a bilingual physical therapy professor translated the document back into English. A semantic equivalence test was conducted with 5 American physical therapist professors. A survey study was conducted with a sample of 96 registered physical therapists in Korea to test the reliability of the translated PPTCV. The Cronbach's alpha test for the Korean version of the PPTCV was .882. The translated version could be used to assess levels of professionalism for other health professionals as well as physical therapists in an industrial accident hospital.

본 연구는 국방 M&S의 분석모델을 활용한 전투실험 간 VV&A(Verification, Validation & Accreditation)과정의 필요성과 출력값의 보정방안을 제시하여 모의결과의 신뢰성을 향상시키는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 청군과 홍군의 소총에 대한 능력을 모의하였고 모의 전 VV&A과정을 거치면서 소총의 능력이 예상한대로의 결과를 보이는지 확인(Validation)하는 단계로 이 단계에서 생길 수 있는 출력값에 대한 차이를 보정하는 방안에 대해 다룬다. 본 연구결과는 제한된 분석업무환경에서 보다 신뢰성 있는 분석결과를 얻기 위한 VV&A과정을 보여주며 이를 보정하는 방법을 모색했다는 것에 의의를 둘 수 있다.

This study discusses the necessity of validation step between combat experiments using analysis model of defense M&S. We also propose a method to correct the output value. The reliability of simulation is important because its simulation results affect decision making. For this, sufficient VV&A(verification, Validation & Accreditation) process is required in the operation process as well as the development process of M&S. This study deal with the process of simulating the abilities of friendly and enemy rifles.

목적 : 본 연구는 노인의 가정환경에서 필수적으로 이루어지는 일상생활활동의 수행수준을 독립성, 어려움, 안전성 영역에서 측정할 수 있는 가정 내 일상생활활동 평가(Assessment of Home-based Activities; AHA)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상자는 장애가 없는 노인 360명이었고, 평균연령은 71.2세였다. 신뢰도와 타당도 검증을위해 내적 일치도, 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 수렴 타당도, 판별 타당도를 조사하였다. 수렴 타당도 산출을 위해AHA와 한국형 일상생활활동(Korean-Activities of Daily Living; K-ADL), 한국형 수단적 일상생활활동(Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; K-IADL)의 활동별 상관관계를 각각 알아보았고 판별 타당도를 구하기 위해 일반 노인과 뇌졸중 노인의 수행수준을 비교분석하였다. 결과 : AHA의 영역별 내적 일치도는 .91~.98, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .78~.86의 분포를 보였다. K-ADL, K-IADL과 AHA 간의 상관관계에서는 명칭이 일치하거나 유사한 활동 간에 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<.01). 또한 판별 타당도 검증에서는 일반 노인의 수행수준이 모든 영역에서 뇌졸중 노인보다 유의하게높았다(p<.01). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 AHA는 일반 노인의 전반적인 가정 내 일상생활활동을 평가하는데 적합한 도구임을 입증하였다. 향후 재활분야에서 노인을 위한 일상생활활동 훈련, 가정환경개선 등의 중재를 실행하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Objective : The aim of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Assessment of Home-based Activities (AHA), which can assess the elderly’s performance of daily activities at home in the three areas of independence, difficulty, and safety. Methods : A total of 360 elderly people aged 55 or older without physical disorders participated in this study. To verify the reliability and validity of AHA, the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were analyzed. Of them, we calculated the convergent validity, and the correlations between each activity of the AHA and Korean-Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL)and between each activity of the AHA and Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) were examined. In addition, to test the discriminant validity, the performance of daily activities between the group of general elderly and the group of elderly after a stroke was compared. Results : The internal consistency was within the range of .91 to .98 and the test-retest reliability showed a range of .78 to .86. The convergent validity showed that the correlations of all sets of two activities with similar names or features were statistically significant (p<.01). The discriminant validity showed that the general elderly people performed daily activities at a higher level than the elderly after suffering a stroke in all areas (p<.01). Conclusion : The AHA is a suitable instrument that can assess the performance of daily activities at home of elderly people, and is expected to be useful in implementing interventions of training for activities of daily living and home modifications in the field of rehabilitation.

목적 : 행동적 편측무시를 평가하는 Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS)을 한국어로 번안하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하기 위함에 있다. 연구방법 : 한국형 캐서린 버지고 척도(Korean Catherine Bergego Scale; K-CBS)의 개발을 위해 원 도구 개발자에게 한국에서의 번안과 사용을 허락 받았다. CBS 원문을 한글로 번안하여 번역-역번역 기 법에 따라 번역타당도를 구하고, 9명의 전문가에게 내용타당도를 확인하였다. 선 나누기 검사와 알버트 검사와의 상관계수를 이용하여 수렴타당도를 구하고, 요인분석을 통하여 구성타당도를 구하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위해 내적일관성(Cronbach’s α와 항목이 삭제된 경우 Cronbach’s α)을 구하였다. 자료수집은 서울시에 소재한 병원에 입원, 외래로 재활치료를 받는 뇌졸중으로 인한 왼쪽 편마비 환자 127명을 대 상으로 2013년 10월부터 2014년 04월까지 진행되었다. 결과 : 번역-역번역 기법에 따라 번역타당도가 수립되었고, 전문가에 의한 내용타당도지수는 .98로 매우 높게 나타났다. 수렴타당도는 Pearson 상관계수가 선 나누기 검사(r=.719), 알버트 검사(r=.671)로 K-CBS와의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구성타당도를 위한 요인분석 결과 10개의 항목이 모두 하나의 요인으로 묶였다. 내적일관성은 .956으로 항목간 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 해당 문항이 제거 되었을 때의 Cronbach’s α값보다 높아지는 항목은 없었다. 결론 : K-CBS는 한국에 거주하는 뇌졸중 환자들에게 적용하였을 때 행동적 편측무시를 평가하는 도구로 써 높은 수준의 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증되어 국내에서의 적용가능성을 보여주었다. 추후에는 K-CBS의 임상에서의 활용도를 높이기 위해 검사자간, 검사자내 신뢰도 검증 등 다양한 후속 연구들이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the Catherine Bergego Scale (K-CBS) for an evaluation of behavioral neglect and verify its reliability and validity. Methods : With the developer’s permission, the scale was translated into Korean using a translation- reverse translation technique. In addition, the content validity index was identified by nine experts. Using the correlation coefficient of a Line Bisection Test and Albert’s Test, the convergent validity was identified. In addition, the construct validity was identified through a factor analysis. Internal consistency was also identified using Cronbach’s α value and Cronbach’s α if item deleted. Results : K-CBS verified the translation validity. The CVI shows a very high value of .98. The convergent validity showed a positive correlation with K-CBS using a Line Bisection Test (r=.719), and Albert’s Test (r=.671). A factor analysis showed the bounding of ten items to one. Cronbach’s α value was .956, meaning a high correlation among items. Conclusion : As a tool for evaluating the behavioral neglect of stroke patients, K-CBS’s reliability and validity were verified, and showed the applicability of K-CBS in a Korean clinical set. Further reliable studies for a better application of K-CBS in a Korean clinical set will be needed.

Patients unable to speak are at higher risk for untreated pain. Use of valid behavioral and physiologic measures for pain is highly recommended for uncommunicative patients. This study was performed to compare the reliability and validity of NVPS-K and CPOT-K for pain assessment of nonverbal patients. This study was conducted from July to November 2011. A total of 29 nonverbal adult patients admitted to a university hospital intensive care unit participated in this study. Interrater reliability of the NVPS-K and CPOT-K had intermediate to high intraclass correlation coefficients (NVPS-K 0.680 ～ 0.921, CPOT-K 0.710 ～ 0.896). Discriminant validity was supported with higher instrument scores during turning and endotracheal suctioning than that of NIBP. For criterion validity, the NVPS-K scores were correlated to the self-reported pain of the patients but not the CPOT-K scores. The areas under the ROC curve for the NVPS-K and CPOT-K were 0.748 and 0.696 with cutoff points of 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, the NVPS-K and CPOT-K had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 45.0%, and 60.5% and 75.0%, respectively. The NVPS-K and CPOT-K are reliable and valid tools to assess pain in nonverbal patient and thus, are recommended for the assessment of the pain in nonverbal patients.

In cloud and game servers, SSDs are used as cache on large capacity disk-based storage. In that configuration, the SSD can be exploited as write-back or write-through cache. Though the write-back cache can improve write performance significantly, data can be lost when the SSD fails. On the contrary, performance improvement is limited in the write-through cache though it has high reliability. By the way, reliability can be improved by applying RAID technique to SSD cache while exploiting write-back for better performance. In this paper, we analyse the reliability and the performance of hybrid storage using SSD cache over disk-based primary storage. In particular, we mathematically analyse reliability and also measure performance of real storage systems with various SSD cache configurations.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of a 27-item Korean Version of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life in adolescents (IWQOL-KidsⒸ: Korean Version). Methods: This instrument was administered to 872 adolescents (mean z-BMI: 2.61, mean age±SD: 13.9±1.2, male: 51.9%). Reliability was tested by internal consistency method and item analysis, validity test was performed by index of content validity, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity. Sensitivity was tested by ANOVA and t-test. Analyses were performed using SPSS and Amos 18.0. Results: By an exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted; 'Body esteem' consisted of 9 items with 35.9% of variance (social life: 6 items, 10.23%, physical comfort: 6 items, 8.21%, family relations: 6 items, 7.0%). Four factors explained 61.34% of total variance. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from .766 to .929 for scales on 27 items and equal to .920 for total score for both the 26-item and 27-item tools. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the convergent validity and discriminant validity. The standardized factor loadings to test the convergent validity showed more than .5(C.R<1.965) on all paths after deletion of item PC1 (avoid stairs). The average variances extracted were more than .50 and the construct reliabilities were more than .70. The average variances extracted were stronger than the squares of correlation coefficient of inter-latent variables. Conclusions: These results support that the IWQOL-KidsⒸ: Korean Version with a 26-item is a reliable and valid tool in Korean obese adolescents.

본 연구는 한국어판 전문직 간 교육에 대한 인식 측정도구(K-IEPS)의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 시행되 었다. 연구 방법은 전문직 간 교육에 대한 인식 측정 원도구를 세계보건기구의 가이드라인에 따라 한국어로 번안하였고, 번안된 도구를 활용하여 2020년 12월부터 2021년 1월까지 4개의 대학 보건의료전공 대학생 302명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 분석은 탐색적 요인분석(EFA), 확인적 요인분석(CFA), 수렴타당도, Cronbach's alpha, 급내 상관계수 (ICC)를 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, K-IEPS는 2개의 하위요인(역량과 자발성에 대한 인식, 실제적인 협력에 대한 인식)과 10개 문항이 적합하였다. 또한 K-IEPS의 전체문항 신뢰도 Cronbach's alpha는 .87이었고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .83이었다. 본 연구에서 검증된 K-IEPS는 전문직 간 교육에 대한 인식을 측정하는데 타당도와 신뢰도가 있는 도구임이 확인되었다. 따라서 향후에 K-IEPS는 전문직 간 교육에 대한 인식 및 프로그램의 효과를 측정하기 위한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This research aims to adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (K-IEPS). The original IEPS was translated into Korean according to the World Health Organization’s guidelines. A total of 302 questionnaires were collected from healthcare professional students at 4 universities in South Korea. The validity and reliability of the scale were measured using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). As a result of the factor analysis, a ten-item scale with two factors (Competency & Autonomy and Perception of Actual Cooperation) was achieved. Additionally, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be .87, and test-retest reliability was .83. Our study results show that the Korean version of the IEPS is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the K-IEPS can be used in measuring interdisciplinary perceptions of healthcare professional students between different occupational groups.