Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 콜라주미술치료가 등교거부경향성 청소년의 부적응 행동 개선에 어떠 한 영향을 주는지를 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 등교거부경향성을 나타내고 있는 고등학 교 1학년 여고생으로 2011년 6월부터 10월까지 주 1회씩 총 12회기에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 콜 라주기법을 중심으로 구조화와 비구조화를 병행하여, 미술치료프로그램을 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 콜라주미술치료프로그램이 등교거부경향성 청소년의 학 교부적응 증상에 효과적이였다. 즉, 대상자에게 등교거부경향성검사(SRAS-R-C)를 통해 그 사전, 사후의 변화를 살펴 본 결과 등교거부 증상이 감소했음을 나타내었다. 둘째, 콜라주미 술치료프로그램이 등교거부경향성 청소년의 부적응 행동 개선에 효과적이였다. K-CBCL을 사 전, 사후 검사한 결과 통해 문제행동이 감소되었으며, 회기별 진행과정에 따른 변화를 나 타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 등교거부경향성이 있는 청소년의 부적응 문제 개선 을 위해 콜라주미술치료 프로그램이 효과가 있다는 것을 입증하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of collage art therapys on improving maladjustments from teenagers with tendency to refuse to go to school. The subjects of this study were female freshman from a high school showing tendencies to refuse going to school from Jun to Oct of 2011 for total of 12 times in 1times a week. art therapy programs were conducted along with structuralization and unstructuralization using collage techniques. The results of this study are as follows. First, collage art therapy was effective in maladjustments from teenagers with tendency to refuse to go to school. The results of examining changes before and after through SRAS-R-C showed that the level of school adaptation has increased. Second, collage art therapy program was effective for improving maladjustments from students with tendency to refuse to go to school. Problematic behaviors were reduced based on the results of testing K-CBCL before and after and showed changes according to the progresses by times. In conclusion, the study proved that collage art therapy program is effective in improving problems of maladjustments from teenagers with tendency to refuse going to school.

Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the current study examined whether more progressive versus more authoritarian maternal child-rearing beliefs moderate the association between maternal depressive symptoms across the child’s infancy and preschool years and child problem behaviors at age 4 ½. The Center for Epidemiology Scale of Depression (CES-D) was repeatedly administrated to 1364 women at their children’s ages of 1, 6, 15, 24, 36 and 54 months to examine the chronicity of clinically significant levels of maternal depressive symptoms. Maternal child-rearing beliefs were assessed with the Parental Modernity Scale (Schaefer & Edgerton, 1985). Child behavior problems were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist collected from the children’s mothers and childcare providers. More progressive (child-centered) child-rearing beliefs were found to moderate the association between chronic clinical levels of maternal depressive symptoms and caregivers’ reports of child externalizing behavior problems. Higher externalizing behavior problems were reported for children of chronically depressed mothers but only when their mothers held more authoritarian (adult-centered) child-rearing beliefs, even after controlling for maternal education and income-to-needs ratio. In contrast, when mothers held more progressive, child-centered child-rearing beliefs, child externalizing behavior scores were unrelated to the chronicity of maternal depression.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-esteem improvement program on self-esteem and peer attachment in elementary school children with observed problematic behaviors. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-post-test design. A total of 47 fourth grade elementary school students participated in this study. The program was provided for 45 minutes once a week; a total of 12 sessions were completed with a group in the classroom for the experimental group. Child Problem-Behavior Screening Questionnaire was used to measure problematic behavior. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg's Self-esteem Questionnaire, and peer attachment was measured using the Inventory of Parent and Attachment. Measuring was performed right after the program was done (post 1) and 1 month after the program was finished (post 2). To compare the differences in self-esteem and peer attachment between groups, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Results: Most participants in the experimental group were 10 years old (62.5%, range 10e11), male (52.0%) and with middle grade point average (64.0%). The self-esteem scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (F = 26.64, p < .001). The peer attachment scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (F = 6.48, p = .014). Conclusions: The self-esteem improvement program in this study improved the self-esteem and peer attachment in elementary school children. The self-esteem program helped acknowledge the peer's name and increased their connections. The program needs to be considered as a formal and consistent program.

In an attempt to analyze the problematic behaviors in the consumers’ formal complaining behaviors and to find some ways to reduce them, this study identified the types and characteristics of problematic behaviors, examined the employees’ counseling stress and reactions regarding them. A total of ten staffs in charge of consumer counseling at the Consumer Protection Board, consumer organizations, private corporations, and consumer advocacy centers of the local governments were interviewed. The research findings were as follows: First, the consumers’ problematic behaviors were categorized in four types, which were unreasonable claims, rude words and behaviors, lies, and claims for an excessive financial compensation. Second, the consumers’ problematic behaviors are reflected their high levels of expectation, usually happens unexpectedly and are hard to grasp in a short time. Those characteristics of the consumers’ problematic behaviors worked to increase the counseling staff's stress level. Third, the systematic reactions to the consumers’ problematic behaviors were poor on the part of the counseling organizations. Based on the findings, some strategies were suggested to reduce the consumers’ problematic behaviors in their formal complaining behaviors.

본 연구에서는 일반소비자와 음식점 종사자를 대상으로 음식점을 이용하는 과정에서 나타나는 소비자행동에 대한 문제행동 인식 정도는 어떠하며, 사회경제적 특성 변수에 따른 집단 간 차이가 있는지, 일반소비자와 음식점 종사자 간 인식 정도에서 차이를 보이는지에 대하여 알아보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 음식점을 이용하는 과정에서 나타나는 소비자 문제행동 인식 정도는 행동양태 점수는 중간점을 약간 상회하였으며, 요구내용에 대해서는 문제행동이라는 인식이 낮은 수준이었다. 하위 요인별로 분석한 결과, 행동양태에서는 ‘업무방해 및 과격한 행동’에 대한 인식 정도가 가장 높았으며, ‘위협적 행동’에 대한 인식 정도가 가장 낮았다. 요구내용에서는 ‘교환․환불․확대손해 배상요구’ 보다 ‘기타 과도한 요구’에 대한 문제행동이라는 인식 정도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 음식점 이용과정에서의 소비자 문제행동에 대해 일반소비자와 음식점 종사자의 사회경제적 변수에 따른 인식 차이는 거의 없었다. 일반소비자는 연령에 따라 일부 하위집단간에 차이가 있었고, 음식점 종사자는 성별과 연령에 따라 행동양태에 대한 인식에서 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 음식점 이용과정에서 나타나는 소비자 행동에 대한 문제행동 인식 정도는 음식점 종사자가 일반소비자 보다 높게 나타나, 음식점 종사자가 문제행동에 대하여 심각하게 인지하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 문항별 차이를 소비자와 종사자의 응답점수를 기준으로 분석하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 음식점을 이용하는 소비자의 문제행동에 대한 이해를 높이고, 이를 감소시키기 위한 소비자교육 및 기업의 대응전략 마련에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study identified the recognition of consumers and of restaurant employees, focusing on the consumer's problematic behaviors shown by the consumers in the process of using the restaurant. The research findings were as follows; First, the level of perception of the people surveyed, regarding the consumer's problematic behaviors that were shown in using restaurant service was a little over mid-point for the pattern of the problematic behavior, recognize slightly lower the contents of the claim was the problematic behavior. Second, the level of perception of the people surveyed, regarding the consumer's problematic behaviors that were shown in using restaurant service, was higher for the pattern of the problematic behavior than problematic claim contents, and was shown quite differently by sub causes. Third, regarding the consumer's problematic behaviors in the process of using the restaurant, there was little difference in recognition levels between the restaurant customer and employees by the socio-economical variables. The restaurant customer was significant difference in the recognition level for the behavior pattern according to age, while the restaurant employees was significant difference according to gender and age. Fourth, for the recognition level for the consumer's problematic behavior that were shown in the process of using the restaurant, the restaurant employees was higher recognition levels than the consumers, and the employees recognized the problematic behaviors as a serious issue. Based on the finding, some strategies were suggested to reduce consumer's problematic behaviors who use restaurants and some implications for consumer education and business strategies on the consumer's problematic behaviors were also discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 집단미술치료가 저소득층 아동의 문제행동과 자아존중감에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구대상은 전주시에 위치한 지역아동센터를 이용하고 있는 초등학교 1학년 아동 12명을 대상으로 주 1회, 총 20회기, 60분 동안 집단미술치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 자료처리에서 양적분석은 비모수통계 분석인 Wilcoxon의 짝을 이룬 부호 순위 검증(Wilcoxon signed-rank Test)을 사용하였으며, 질적 분석은 아동의 KHTP 그림검사 변화와 미술치료 프로그램 회기별 진행과정에 따른 변화를 기술하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 집단미술치료가 아동의 문제행동 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 집단미술치료가 아동의 자아존중감 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아동의 그림의 변화에서 정서적, 심리적 안정으로 변화하였다. 넷째, 미술치료 프로그램 회기별 진행과정에서도 문제행동이 감소되고, 자아존중감이 향상되는 변화를 가져왔다.

The purposes of this study are to examine the effects of group art therapy on problematic behaviors and self-esteem of child in low-income family. The subjects were 12 first grade children of community child center located in Jeon-Ju city, and group art therapy program proceeded in 20 sessions in total, one sessions a week and 60 minutes for each session. Descriptive statics, To analyze quantitative data, Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test were used, And to analyze qualitative data, child's changes in KHTP drawing test and sessional process in art therapy program were described. The results of this study were as follows: First, group art therapy has effect on decrease in child's problematic behaviors. Second, group art therapy has effect on enhancement in child's self-esteem. Third, child's drawings were changed to positive affectional, psychological stability. Fourth, in art therapy sessional process, the changes were made that problematic behaviors were decreased and self-esteem was enhanced.

‘소리내어 생각하기’ 프로그램의 ADHD 성향이 있는 아동의 주의집중문제와 문제행동 감소, 갈등상황에 대한 문제해결적 반응의 증가, 그리고 사회적 행동의 변화에 대한 효과를 알아보는데에 그 목적이 있다. 초등학교 1학년 아동을 대상으로 ADHD 아동을 평가하는 단축형 코너스 평가척도를 실시하였고, 상위 20%이내에 해당하는 아동 16명을 선발하여 실험집단과 통제집단에 각 8명씩 무선적으로 할당하였다. 실험집단에게는 ‘소리내어 생각하기’ 프로그램을 실시하였고, 통제집단에게는 미술 활동을 실시하였으며, 훈련의 효과를 검증하기 위해 아동, 교사, 부모가 각각 프로그램의 전후에 “나는 어떻게 할까” 질문지, 교사용 사회 기술 평가 척도, 자기통제검사, 부모용 아동 행동평가척도를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로서, ‘소리내어 생각하기’ 프로그램을 실시한 실험집단의 아동들은 통제집단보다 자기통제능력과 사회기술능력이 향상되었고, 주의집중 문제와 공격성은 감소하였다. 그리고 ‘소리내어 생각하기’ 프로그램 집단은 사후평가에서 갈등상황에 대한 문제해결적 반응을 더 많이 생각해 낼 수 있었다. 끝으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점이 논의되었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Think Aloud program on problematic behaviors of children with ADHD tendency. The purpose of this study was also to evaluate the effect of Think Aloud(TA) program on children's attention, social behavior and problem solving response to hypothetical conflict situation. The subjects were 1st grade children in elementary school and selected on the basis of Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale(ACRS) scores. Sixteen children who had higher scores of upper 20% in ACRS scores were selected as subjects. Teacher's form of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills for Youngsters, the Self Control Rating Scale and the Parent's Form of the K-CBCL were administered to children, teachers and parents appropriately and children were measured problem solving response to hypothetical conflict situation before and after training respectively. TA group(8 children) was trained through TA program, and control group (8 children) was trained through art activities. The findings of this study are as follows. Self-control and social skills increased in TA group. Inattention and aggression were decreased in TA group. Moreover TA group showed significant increase in problem solving response to hypothetical conflict situation. Finally, suggestions and limitations of this study were discussed.

The purpose of this study is to draw the potential related to adaptative behaviors of mentally retarded children and to provide data to successfully lead their role as a member of school, home and even society, by analyzing the effect of sensory integration training on problematic behaviors and self-control when sensory integration training is provided to mentally retarded children. Sensory integration training was executed in H Early Education Center twice a week for 11 weeks. Sensory integration training program in the form of a game, focusing on motion factor and basic principle of sensory integration. Result of this study were as follows:First, sensory integration training provided a positive effect by significantly improving mentally retarded children's problematic behaviors in statistical p<.05 level. In subordinates of problematic behaviors, inappropriate cause of sound (p<.05), peer interference (p<.05), inappropriate posing (p<.05) showed statistically significant change. Second, sensory integration training provided a positive effect by significantly improving mentally retarded children's self-control (p<.05), middle path (p<.05), focus of attention (p<.05) all showed statistically significant change. Overall, as a result of above, participation of continuous sensory integration training for mentally retarded children has a positive effect on problematic behaviors and self-control, and sensory integration training appeared to be effective for mentally retarded children's education and rehabilitation.

본 연구의 목적은 아스퍼거(Asperger syndrome: AS) 장애를 가지고 있는 아동의 가족을 대상으로 미술치료를 실시하여 가족미술치료의 과정에서 나타난 장애 아동 가족의 문제행동, 가족미술치료 과정에서 문제행동 완화에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 요인 그리고 가족미술치료 후 문제행동의 변화를 살펴보고자 한 것이다. 연구대상은 만 4세 AS 남아의 가족으로 부모와 아동의 3인 가족이며, 아동과 어머니 개별, 부자, 모자, 부부, 가족전체가 참여하는 형태로 30회기의 미술치료를 실시하였다. 분석방법은 Miles와 Huberman(1994/2009)이 제안한 매트릭스와 네트워크를 활용하여 질적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, AS 아동 가족의 문제행동은 5개의 상위 범주로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족미술치료 과정에서 AS 아동 가족의 문제행동 완화에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 요인은 3개의 상위 범주로 나타났다. 셋째, 가족미술치료 후 AS 아동 가족의 문제행동의 변화는 7개의 상위범주로 나타났다. 본 연구는 AS 아동 가족에게 가족미술치료를 적용하였고 가족미술치료 과정에서 나타난 변화를 질적으로 분석하였다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

This research examined the problematic behaviors of a family with a disabled child that showed up in the process of family art therapy, the factors which had a positive effect on the mitigation of problematic behaviors, and the change in the problematic behaviors following family art therapy. The family comprised the two parents and their four-year-old boy, who had been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS). Art therapy was carried out 30 sessions of art therapy in which the child; the mother; the father and the child; the mother and the child; the couple; and the whole family participated. This research qualitatively analyzed the effect of the art therapy conducted with the family by utilizing the matrix and network proposed by Miles and Huberman(1994/2009). The results were follows. First, the problematic behaviors of a family with a child with AS were found to be five upper categories. Second, the factors which had a positive effect on the mitigation of problematic behaviors of a family with a child with AS in the process of family art therapy were found to be three upper categories. Third, the change in the problematic behaviors of a family with a child with AS after family art therapy was found to be seven upper categories. This research can be seen as meaningful in that it applied art therapy to a family with a child with AS and qualitatively analyzed the change which occurred during the process of therapy.

본 연구는 집단미술치료 프로그램이 저소득층 아동의 자기표현능력과 문제행동에 어 떠한 영향을 주는지 밝히고 알아보고자 하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 인천광역시에 소재한 H지역아동센터의 방과 후 교실을 이용하는 저소득층아동 40여 명 중 센터 내 담당선생님의 관찰결과를 바탕으로 선발된 5명의 아동을 대상으로 2011년 9월~2012 년 2월까지 진행하였다. 김정희(1982)의 자기표현평정척도와 K-CBCL을 행동평가 도 구로 실시하였으며 Burns의 K-HTP(집-나무-사람 그림검사)를 통해 개인의 역동적 심 리상태를 분석하였다. 이와같은 방법으로 분석한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단 미술치료는 저소득층 아동의 자기표현능력에 유의미한 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 집단미술 치료는 저소득층 아동의 문제행동에 대해 유의미한 영향을 주었다. 따라서 집단미술 치료가 저소득층 아동의 자기표현능력과 문제행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of group art therapy on self-expression abilities and problematic behaviors of children in low-income class. The subjects of this study were 5 children selected on the basis of the results of the observation of a teacher in charge of H local children's center located in Incheon, out of 40 children using after-school classes in the center. The study was conducted from September, 2011 to February, Self-Expression Rating Scale, modified by Sung-Hee Kim(1980), and K-CBCL were used as research tools and Individual dynamic psychological condition was explored through Burns' K-HTP test. First, group art therapy had significant effects on self-expression abilities of children in low-income class. Second, group art therapy had significant effects on problematic behaviors of children in low-income class. Therefore, it was thought that group art therapy had positive effects on self-expression abilities and problematic behaviors of children in low-income class.

본 연구는 ADHD 아동의 문제행동 개선과 사회기술 향상을 위한 심리운동놀이치료 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상은 ADHD 특성을 가진 초등학생 11명이고 이를 5명은 실험집단, 6명은 통제집단으로 나누어 실험집단의 아동에게 매회 60분씩 12회기에 걸쳐 심리운동치료프로그램을 실시하였고 통제집단은 아무런 처치를 하지 않았다. 자료분석은 각 집단별로 사전-사후-추후검사를 분류해서 채점한 후 비모수 검정의 Wilcoxon 부호-서열 검증과 Mann-Whitney U 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과 심리운동놀이치료 프로그램 종료 후 실험집단은 ADHD 아동의 문제행동을 유의미하게 감소시켰고, 사회기술도 유의미하게 향상시켰다. 4주 후에 실시한 추후검사에서도 효과가 지속된 것으로 나타났다. 통제집단은 아무런 변화가 없었던 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study were to develop the psychomotoric play therapy program for ADHD children and to verify the effects of the program on improving ADHD children's social skills and reducing children's ADHD symptoms. Subjects were 11 elementary school children who have ADHD characteristic and low social skill from 00 elementary school in Deagu. 5 children of experiment group participated in the psychomotoric play therapy program and 6 children of control group have any treatment. The psychomotoric play therapy program was consisted of the twelve sessions(sixty minutes per session) that included four phases which are building an rapport, cognition of oneself and others, solving problem and improving social skills and re-education. The instruments used in this study were Social Skill test and ADHD child scale. The date were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed -rank test of nonparametric statistics. The research findings were as follows: The psychomotoric play therapy program for ADHD children has significant consequences. The consequences showed that the psychomotoric play therapy program for ADHD children improved ADHD children's social skills and reduced ADHD children's problematic behaviors. The contoral group has no significant consequences.

본 연구는 PTSD아동에게 미술치료 프로그램을 실시하여 불안 및 문제행동 완화에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구진행은 정신적 외상을 경험한 7세(남) 아동(가명 : 김동훈)을 대상으로 2007년 7월～ 2008년 3월까지 총 25회기로 주1회, 45분 미술치료를 실시하였다. 측정도구는 K-HTP(동적 집, 나무, 사람), DAP(인물화) 그림검사와 관찰에 의한 문제행동 목록 체크리스트(10문항)이며, 자료 분석은 사전-사후의 불안지표, 문제행동 목록 체크리스트 변화를 비교, 분석하였으며, 회기별 질적 분석과 더불어 PTSD문제 행동특성의 사전-사후 변화를 비교, 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미술치료는 PTSD아동의 내적 억압된 불안감과, 두려움을 표출시킴으로 불안 완화에 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 미술치료는 정신적 외상 경험을 직면하고 감정을 순화시켜줌으로 문제행동 감소와 심리적 안정감에 효과가 있었다. 따라서 미술치료는 PTSD아동의 불안 및 문제행동 완화에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

This case study is intended to examine the influences on feeling of anxiety and problematic behaviors by providing a child who experienced PTSD with art therapy. The subject for this research is 7-year-old boy, Kim dong-hun(not his real name), suffered from psychological trauma and the art therapy has total of 25 sessions and each of them was held for 45 minutes once a week from July 2007 to March 2008. We compared changes in anxiety index and problematic behavior characteristics before and after the treatment using K-HTP(Kinetic-House, Tree, Person: K-HTP) and DAP(Draw-A-Person: DAP) as resources and also conducted qualitative analysis every session. Research findings are as follows. Firstly, the art therapy helps to relieve anxiety by letting the subject express his suppressed inner anxiety and fear. Secondly, it has effects on adding mental comfort and reducing problematic behaviors because the therapy makes the subject face the psychological trauma experience and purify his emotion. Therefore, the research shows that the art therapy has positive effects on reducing anxiety and problematic behaviors caused by PTSD.

본 연구는 노인요양병원에 입소해 있는 65세 이상의 치매노인을 대상으로 라벤더, 마조람, 로만 케모마일을 혼합한 천연오일을 이용한 아로마 두경부마사지를 적용하여 마사지 전․후에 따른 치매노인의 수면장애, 문제행동, 우울 및 혈중 세로토닌, 혈청 코티졸, 혈압, 맥박에 미치는 효과를 파악하기 위한 단일군 사전-사후 설계의 유사실험연구이다. 연구대상은 A시에 소재하는 노인요양병원에 입소해 있는 65세 이상의 치매노인 총 45명으로 자료수집기간은 2013년 5월부터 10월까지이었다. 연구대상자에게는 2일 간격의 총 6회의 아로마 두경부마사지를 적용하였다. 자료분석을 위해 SPSS/WIN 19.0 program을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, paired t-test, 반복측정 분산분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 아로마 두경부마사지를 수행 후 수면장애, 문제행동, 우울 정도가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였고, 3회 차에서 6회차까지 수축기혈압과 이완기혈압이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었으며, 혈액검사에서는 중추신경계 전달물질인 세로토닌은 유의하게 증가하였고, 스트레스 호르몬인 코티졸은 유의하게 감소되었다. 이상의 연구결과 아로마 두경부마사지는 경증 치매노인자의 수면장애, 문제행동장애 및 우울을 조절하는데 효과적인 간호중재이므로, 노인요양병원이나 복지관 등의 노인시설에서 충분히 활용할 수 있는 간호중재이라 본다.

This study was to examine the effect of aroma head and neck massage on sleep disturbance, problematic behaviors, blood serotonin, blood cortisol, and the vital signs in elders with dementia. The research design was the one-group pre test-post test study. The participants were 45 persons about over 65 years elderly with dementia. It was been studied from May of 2013, to October of 2013. The research method is to do aroma neck massage total 6 sessions for 10-15 minutes. The collected data were analyzed the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. There were significant decrease in sleep disturbance, problem behaviors, and depression. And there were significant differences in blood pressure, serotonin, and cortisol after providing aroma head and neck massage. The results provided that head and neck massage was an effective the sleep disturbance, problem behaviors and depression of elderly with dementia. Therefore, the aromatherapy and head and neck massage could be recommended as a nursing intervention for enhancing quality of life in older adults with dementia.

본 연구는 분리불안을 나타내는 아동에게 미술치료프로그램을 적용하여 문제행동 감소 및 사회성 향상에 효과가 있는가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 아동은 만5세의 여아이며, 미 술치료 프로그램은 주1회, 50분씩, 총26회기를 실시하였다. 분리불안아동의 문제행동은 K-CBCl과 회기별 진행과정, 가정에서의 변화를 살펴보았고, 사회성은 SSRS와 회기별 진 행과정, 가정에서의 변화로 보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분리불안아동에게 미술 치료프로그램은 문제행동 감소에 효과가 있었다. 타인과 말하지 않고, 자기표현에 어려움 이 있으며, 위축되고, 어머니와의 분리불안 등의 문제행동이 감소되었으며, 위축, 우울/불 안, 사회적미성숙의 점수가 감소되었다. 둘째, 분리불안아동에게 미술치료프로그램은 사회 성 향상에 효과가 있었다. 타인에게 반응하지 않고, 혼자 놀기를 좋아하고, 표현에 어려움 이 있으며, 집단에서 적응에 어려움을 나타내었던 부분이 감소되어, 집단원과 유치원에서 함께 어울리고, 자기주장을 하는 등 집단 적응이 향상되는 변화가 있었고, 사회성 점수가 향상되었다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of art therapy on reducing problematic behaviors and improving sociality of a child with separation anxiety. The subject of this study was a five years old girl, an art therapy program was conducted once a week, 26 times in total and each session was 50minutes long. Problematic behaviors of a child with separation anxiety were observed by looking at changes of behaviors in her house, K-CBCL and process of progress of each session. Her sociality was observed by looking at behavioral changes in their house, SSRS and process of progress of each session. The results of this study are as follows. First, collage art therapy was effective in reducing problematic problems of children with separation anxiety. Tendency of not talking to other people, being intimidated and separation anxiety with mother were decreased, and scores of shrinkage, depression/anxiety and social immature were dropped. Secondly, collage art therapy program was effective for improving sociality of a child with separation anxiety. A child’s behaviors such as not responding to others, tendency to play alone and other facts which made her hard to adapt herself to a group were reduced which improved adaptation to population, for instance her became self-assertive and got along with other children. Also her sociality scores were improved.

본 연구의 목적은 미술치료가 주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD) 아동의 문제행동 감소 에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD)로 진단 받은 만 5세 남아이며, 미술치료 프로그램은 연구목적에 맞게 3단계로 분류하여 2013년 5 월부터 8월까지 주 1회 50분씩 총 12회기에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 본 연구를 위한 측정도구로 는 K-CBCL검사와 HTP 그림검사, KFD 그림검사를 사용하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 미술 활동이 주의력결핍 과잉행동 장애 아동의 문제행동에 효과적이었다. 첫째, K-CBCL 을 사전, 사후 실시한 결과 문제행동이 감소되었으며, HTP와 KFD를 통해 사전, 사후의 변화를 질적으로 살펴본 결과 문제행동의 감소를 나타냈다. 둘째, 회기별 진행과정에 따른 행동의 변화를 통해서도 미술활동이 ADHD 아동의 문제행동 감소에 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 미술치료의 중재가 ADHD 아동의 문제행동을 감소시 키는데 효과가 있었음을 증명하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of art therapy to reduce problematic behaviors of a ADHD child. The art therapy program were applied to a five-year old child. The program consisted of twelve 50-minute sessions and each session was held once a week. Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), House Tree People (HTP) test, and Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) were used to see effect of the art program. Instruments were applied before and after the sessions and one follow-up measurement was followed. The results of this study indicated that the art therapy was effctive in reducing the problematic behaviors of the partipant. In addition, the results of HTP and KFD tests improved over time. In conclusion, the study proved that art therapy program was effective in reducing problematic behaviors of a ADHD child.

본 연구는 입체조형 매체를 활용한 미술치료가 ADHD아동의 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보려는 데에 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 S시에 소재하고 있는 C초등학교 4학년 재학 중인 11살 남자아동으로 2019년 6월부터 12월까지 주 1회 60분씩 사전․사후검사를 제외한 총 18회기를 진행하였다. ADHD아동의 문제행동을 측정하기 위한 도구로는 K-CBCL의 문제행동척도 검사를 사전․사후에 실시하여 나타나는 변화를 비교하여 양적 분석하였다. 또한 입체조형 매체를 활용하여 ADHD아동의 치료 단계별 변화를 요약하여 질적 분석하였다. 본 연구는 Creswell(2005)이 고안한 혼합적 연구방법설계로 진행되었으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동․청소년 행동평가척도(K-CBCL)의 사전․사후 검사를 비교해 본 결과, 규칙위반, 공격행동, 사고문제, 주의집중문제 척도가 감소하여 입체조형 매체를 활용한 미술치료가 ADHD아동의 문제행동을 감소하는데 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 회기마다 단계별 문제행동의 변화를 살펴 본 결과, 작품, 치료내용, 축어록 등을 바탕으로 분석하였으며 ADHD아동의 문제행동이 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of art therapy using three-dimensional formative materials on the problematic behaviors of an ADHD child. The subject of this study was an 11-year-old boy in the fourth grade of C Elementary school located in S City. From June to December 2019, there were a total of 18 sessions for 60 minutes once a week, excluding pre and post-tests. Korea-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) applied before and after art therapy to compare and analyze the changes. In addition, using the three-dimensional formative materials, the changes in an ADHD child by treatment stage were summarized and analyzed. This study adopted a mixed study method designed by Creswell(2005). Its results were as follows. First, the comparison of pre and post-tests for the Korea-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) in problematic behavior showed the reduction of aggression, rule-breaking behavior, attention difficulties, and thought problems, implying that art therapy using three-dimensional formative materials had a positive effect on reducing the problematic behaviors of an ADHD child. Second, based on artwork, treatments, and verbatim record, the analysis of the stage changes of problematic behaviors, showed that art therapy using three-dimensional formative materials had a positive effect on reducing the problematic behaviors of an ADHD child. Based on these results, the implication and limitations of this study were discussed.

Purpose: This study was aimed to develop an aromatherapy hand massage program, and evaluate the effects of aromatherapy hand massage on cognitive function, sleep disturbance and problematic behaviors of elderly with dementia. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasiexperimental study. Aromatherapy hand massage was administrated to experimental groupⅠ for 2 weeks, jojoba oil massage were administrated to experimental groupⅡ for 2 weeks, and no treatment for control group for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed using the -test, ANOVA, ANCOVA and Scheffe? test in the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: Experimental group Ⅰ showed significant changes in sleep disturbance and problematic behaviors compared to those in experimental groupⅡ or control group. Conclusion: Aromatherapy hand massage program is found effective on sleep disturbance and problematic behaviors of elderly with dementia.

목적 : 본 연구는 지적장애 아동을 대상으로 Think Aloud 프로그램이 문제행동과 인지기능에 미치는 영향 을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상은 만 6세 이상∼12세 이하의 지적장애 진단을 받은 아동 3명이었다. 중재 기 간은 Think Aloud 프로그램을 주 2회(30분), 총 16회기 실시하였다. 검사 도구는 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 표적 행동 관찰, 한국판 아동·청소년 행동 평가척도(Korean-Child Behavior Checklist; K-CBCL)를 시행하였고 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 로웬스타인 작업치료 인 지평가(Loewnstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment; LOTCA)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 지적장애 아동에게 Think Aloud 프로그램을 적용한 결과 Think Aloud 프로그램은 지적장애 아동 의 문제행동 감소에 유의함을 나타냈다. 또한 지적장애 아동의 인지기능 향상에 유의함을 확인하였다. 결론 : 지적장애 아동을 대상으로 한 Think Aloud 프로그램은 지적장애 아동의 문제행동 감소와 인지기능 향상에 유의함을 나타냈다. 그러나 가정에서는 표적행동의 변화를 관찰하여 나타내지 못했다는 점과 대 상자의 수가 제한적이라는 점을 고려하여 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

Aims : This study aimed to demonstrate the significant effect of a think-aloud program on children with intellectual disabilities in improving cognitive function and reducing problematic behaviors. Methods : An ABA-structured, single-case experimental study was conducted on three school-aged children with intellectual disabilities attending the Children’s Development Center. The intervention was conducted in 26–30-minute-long sessions twice a week. The sensory integration program was applied during the initial baseline and maintenance phases, whereas the think-aloud program was applied during the intervention phase. The thinking operation area of the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) was used to assess changes in cognitive function, and the K-CBCL and observation of target behaviors were used to assess changes in problematic behaviors. Results : A significant improvement in cognitive function and reduction in problematic behaviors was observed in all three children, and this effect was maintained throughout the maintenance phase. Conclusions : Based on the results of this study, the think-aloud program is recommended as an intervention for functional improvement in children with intellectual disabilities in various clinical areas.