Earticle

목적 : 일반청소년과 비행청소년의 감각처리능력을 비교하고, 비행청소년의 감각처리능력과 문제행동 간에 상관성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상 : D광역시에 거주하는 13세 이상 19세 이하로 현재 법적 절차를 거쳐 비행이 인정되어 교호시설에 있거나, 보호 관찰 중인 비행청소년 114명과 일반 중·고등학교에 재학 중인 일반청소년 124명으로 총 238명이었다. 결과 : 일반청소년과 비행청소년의 감각처리능력을 비교한 결과, 17세∼13세의 비행청소년은 일반청소년보다 감각회피(p<.05)와 감각민감성(p<.01)에서 통계적으로 유의하게 점수가 낮았다. 비행청소년의 범죄유형에 따른 감각처리능력을 비교해 본 결과, 17세∼13세의 낮은등록(p<.05)에서 강력, 성폭력, 절도사범 순으로 통계적으로 유의하게 점수가 낮았고, 감각민감성(p<.05)에서 성폭력, 절도, 강력사범 순으로 통계적으로 유의하게 점수가 낮았다. 비행청소년의 감각처리능력과 문제행동에 대한 관계를 알아본 결과, 19세∼18세에서는 감각민감성(r=-.47, p<.05), 감각회피(r=-.45, p<.05)의 점수가 낮을수록 약물남용의 점수가 높아졌고, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 17세∼13세에서는 낮은등록의 점수가 낮을수록 지위비행(r=-.33, p<.05), 폭력행동(r=-.33, p<.05)의 점수가 높아져 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 결론 : 일반청소년과 비교할 때 비행청소년의 감각처리능력은 낮았고, 특히 17세∼13세 비행청소년의 감각처리능력이 낮았으며, 감각처리능력이 낮은 청소년에게서 문제행동이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 문제행동이 보이는 청소년에게 감각처리능력을 평가할 수 있는 청소년/성인 프로파일을 적용하여, 조기에 감각처리능력을 평가하고, 이들의 문제행동에 대한 치료로 감각통합치료를 적용한다면 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

Objective : This study was aimed to figure out the correlations between sensory processing ability and problem behavior and to compare sensory processing ability of general teenagers with that of juvenile delinquents. Methods : The subjects were teenagers between the age of 13 and 19 in D metropolitan city. Among the subjects, juvenile delinquents had lived in Juvenile hall through legal proceedings due to their delinquency and the number of the juvenile delinquents who were on probation was 114. The number of general teenagers that went to the middle and high school was 124, bringing the total number of subjects. Results : The score of sensory processing ability between general teenagers and juvenile delinquents, Juvenile delinquents between the age of 17∼13 statistically showed lower scores of both sensory avoiding(p<.05) and sensory sensitivity(p<.01) than those of general teenagers. The results of ages between of 17∼13 statistically showed lower score of not only low registration(p<.05) and of crime such as felonious, sex violence, theft but also sensory sensitivity(p<.05) and of crime such as sex violence, theft, felonious. In the correlation of juvenile delinquents between sensory processing ability scores and problem behavior, Juvenile delinquents between the age of 19∼18, sensory sensitivity(r=-.47, p<.05), sensory avoid(r=-.45, p<.05) and drug abuse was significant correlation statistically. low registration and status offenses(r=-.33, p<.05), violent behavior(r=-.33, p<.05) was significant correlation statistically, between the age of 17∼13. Conclusion : These results indicated that juvenile delinquents between the age of 17∼13 had the difficulty of sensory processing and those who had trouble with sensory processing show problem behavior. Therefore, if we could find out the difficulty of sensory processing in early stages and provide sensory integration as a approach about problem behavior, it would be beneficial.

본 연구에서는 발달장애청소년에게 집단미술치료를 실시하여 문제행동 감소와 사회성향상에 미치는 효과를 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 적용한 집단미술치료프로그램은 주1회씩 회기당 90분으로 총 17회기를 실시하였다. 미술치료프로그램은 구조적으로 크게 도입, 실행, 종결단계 등 3단계로 나누어 실시하였다. 실시절차는 주제에 따른 미술활동 완료 후 자신의 느낌을 표현하고 주위 집단원들이 발표하는 내용을 모델링하는 것으로 진행하였다. 측정도구는 K-CBCL과 행동관찰 결과지를 사용하였으며, 신뢰도 100%에 달하는 관찰결과를 기록하였다. 자료분석은 측정도구를 통한 사전․사후 비교분석 및 회기별 진전도를 질적분석 하였다. 본 연구결과 집단미술치료가 발달장애청소년의 문제행동 감소 및 사회성향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 집단미술치료가 발달장애청소년의 감정을 발산시켜 문제행동을 감소시킴과 아울러 의사소통의 증대로 사회성을 향상시키는데 도움이 될 수 있다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다.

The purpose of this study were to find out the effects of group art therapy on reduction of problem behavior and elevation of sociality for the developmental disorder adolescents. The group art therapy program of this study was performed with a total 17 sessions, 1 session a week, 90 minutes a session. The art therapy program consisted of three main constructive components: Introduction, Practice, and Conclusion The result of this study showed that group art therapy had positive effects on reduction of problem behavior and elevation of sociality for the all cases. From this results, we could conclude that group art therapy is helpful in reduction of problem behavior and elevation of sociality.

본 연구는 발달장애학생을 대상으로 복합운동 프로그램을 실시한 후 장애학생 건강체력평가(PAPS-D)와 문제 행동의 변화를 검증하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 발달장애학생 20명을 각각 10명씩 실험집단과 통제집단으로 분류하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 복합운동 프로그램을 실시한 후 발달장애학생의 장애학생 건강체력평가(PAPS-D)가 향상 되었다. 둘째, 복합운동 프로그램을 실시한 후 발달장애학생의 문제행동이 감소되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 발달장애학생의 장애학생 건강체력평가(PAPS-D)와 문제행동에 대한 복합운동 프로그램의 효과성을 검증한데 그 의의가 있다.

This study was conducted for the purpose of verifying changes in PAPS-D and problem behavior after conducting a composite exercise program for students with developmental disabilities. To this end, 20 students with developmental disabilities were classified into experimental and control groups with 10 students each. As a result of the analysis, first, PAPS-D of students with developmental disabilities was improved after the composite exercise program was conducted. Second, the problem behavior of students with developmental disabilities was reduced after the composite exercise program was implemented. The results of this study are meaningful in verifying the effectiveness of the combined exercise program on PAPS-D and problem behavior of students with developmental disabilities.

본 연구는 중학생의 CU특질이 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 탐구하는 것으로 가족 내 스트레스의 매개효과 검증을 목적으로 한다. 이는 청소년들의 문제행동 과 가정 내에서 발생될 수 있는 스트레스를 줄여 학교 내 상담 선생님들이 상담 시 유용한 자료를 제공하는 데 기틀을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구자와 관련이 있는 서울시 소재 중학생을 대상으로 2020년 4월15일부터 4월30일까지 60부를 예비로 설문 조사한 결과 Cronbach‘s α 값이 .88로 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 2020년 6월 3일부터 6월 20일까 지 중학교 직접방문 및 의뢰하여 설문지 481부를 배포하였다. 본 연구에서는 SPSS 21.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 상관관계분석을 실시하였 고 성별에 따른 주요변인들의 차이를 검증하기위해 독립표본t-test를 실시하였다. 이에 따른 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학생의 CU특질은 문제행동에 유의미한 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 중학생의 CU특질은 가족관계 스트레스와 유의한 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 중학생의 가족관계 스트레스는 문제행동에 유의한 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 중학생의 CU특질은 가족관계 스트레스와 문제행동의 관계를 부분적으로 매개하였다.

This study aims to investigate the effect of CU characteristics of middle school students on problem behavior and to verify the mediating effect of stress in the family. This was intended to provide a foundation for counseling teachers in schools to provide useful data for counseling by reducing problem behavior of adolescents and stress that may occur at home. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a preliminary survey of 60 copies of middle school students in Seoul related to this researcher showed high reliability with Cronbach's α value of .88. From June 3 to June 20, 2020, 481 copies of the questionnaire were distributed by visiting and commissioning middle schools in person. In this study, a correlation analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program, and an independent sample t-test was conducted to verify the difference in major variables according to gender. The analysis results accordingly are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the CU characteristics of middle school students had a significant and positive effect on problem behavior. Second, it was confirmed that the CU characteristics of middle school students had a significant positive effect on family relationship stress. Third, it was found that the family relationship stress of middle school students had a significant positive effect on problem behavior. Fourth, the CU characteristics of middle school students partially mediated the relationship between family relationship stress and problem behavior.

본 연구는 중학생이 지각한 냉담-무정서(CU)특질이 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것으로 본 연구의 분석결과를 토대로 냉담-무정서(CU)특질을 지닌 청 소년들이 문제행동에 이르는 경로를 확인하여 이들이 학교 및 가정에서 올바르 게 적응할 수 있도록 지원할 수 있고 문제행동을 보이는 청소년에 대한 구체적 인 지도방안마련에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구와 관련된 조사는 서울시 소재 중학생을 대상으로 2020년3월2일～30일 까지 481부를 배포하였으며, 설문 조사한 결과 Cronbach‘s α 값이 .88로 높은 신 뢰도를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 SPSS 21.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 상관분석을 실시하였고, 성별에 따른 주요 변인들의 차이를 검증하기위해 독립표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 이에 따른 가설검증결과는 다음과 같다. 중학생이 지각한 냉담-무정서(CU)특질은 문제행동과 정적인 효과를 지니는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이 과정에서 냉담-무정서(CU)특질이 문제행동에 미치는 직 접 효과는 상대적으로 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 연구변인들 간의 상관분석 결과, 냉담-무정서(CU)특질 내 하위요소들 중 특히, 냉담성은 문제행동의 하위요소인 비행과 높은 정적상관을 보였다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship of Callous-unemotional(CU)traits, and problem behavior perceived by middle school students, and the mediating. Based on the analysis results of this study, adolescents with high Callous-unemotional(CU)traits characteristics can identify the path leading to problem behavior, support them to adjust properly at school and at home, and use it as basic data to prepare specific guidance plans for teenagers who show problem behavior. 481 copies were distributed from June 3 to 20, 2020 to middle school students in Seoul who are related to this researcher. As a result of the survey, Cronbach's α value was .88, showing high reliability. In this study, correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 statistical programs, and an independent sample t-test was performed to verify the difference of the main variables according to gender. The results of the analysis are as follows. The Callous-unemotional(CU)traits perceived by middle school students were found to have positive effects on problem behaviors, and in this process, the direct effects of Callous-unemotional(CU)traits on problem behaviors were relatively greater. As a result of correlation analysis among the research variables, coldness showed a high positive correlation with delinquency, which is a sub-elements of problem behavior, especially among the sub-elements of Callous-unemotional(CU) traits.

목적 : 본 연구는 지적장애 아동을 대상으로 Think Aloud 프로그램이 문제행동과 인지기능에 미치는 영향 을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상은 만 6세 이상∼12세 이하의 지적장애 진단을 받은 아동 3명이었다. 중재 기 간은 Think Aloud 프로그램을 주 2회(30분), 총 16회기 실시하였다. 검사 도구는 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 표적 행동 관찰, 한국판 아동·청소년 행동 평가척도(Korean-Child Behavior Checklist; K-CBCL)를 시행하였고 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 로웬스타인 작업치료 인 지평가(Loewnstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment; LOTCA)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 지적장애 아동에게 Think Aloud 프로그램을 적용한 결과 Think Aloud 프로그램은 지적장애 아동 의 문제행동 감소에 유의함을 나타냈다. 또한 지적장애 아동의 인지기능 향상에 유의함을 확인하였다. 결론 : 지적장애 아동을 대상으로 한 Think Aloud 프로그램은 지적장애 아동의 문제행동 감소와 인지기능 향상에 유의함을 나타냈다. 그러나 가정에서는 표적행동의 변화를 관찰하여 나타내지 못했다는 점과 대 상자의 수가 제한적이라는 점을 고려하여 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

Aims : This study aimed to demonstrate the significant effect of a think-aloud program on children with intellectual disabilities in improving cognitive function and reducing problematic behaviors. Methods : An ABA-structured, single-case experimental study was conducted on three school-aged children with intellectual disabilities attending the Children’s Development Center. The intervention was conducted in 26–30-minute-long sessions twice a week. The sensory integration program was applied during the initial baseline and maintenance phases, whereas the think-aloud program was applied during the intervention phase. The thinking operation area of the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) was used to assess changes in cognitive function, and the K-CBCL and observation of target behaviors were used to assess changes in problematic behaviors. Results : A significant improvement in cognitive function and reduction in problematic behaviors was observed in all three children, and this effect was maintained throughout the maintenance phase. Conclusions : Based on the results of this study, the think-aloud program is recommended as an intervention for functional improvement in children with intellectual disabilities in various clinical areas.

본 연구는 직장인 어머니의 양육 스트레스, 양육 태도, 자녀의 문제행동에 대한 모녀미술치 료의 효과를 조사하였다. 연구 참여자는 41세의 프리랜서 직장인 어머니와 초등학교 1학년에 재학 중인 그녀의 딸이며, 매주 70분씩 총 20회기의 미술치료를 진행하였다. 중재 전후로 양육 스트레스 척도(K-PSI-4), 양육태도 척도(PAT), 문제행동 척도(K-CBCL)를 실시하여 그 변화 를 비교･분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자녀의 과민한 기분과 낮은 유능감과 관련된 어머니의 스트레 스는 임상 범위에서 정상 범위로 개선되었다. 또한, 양육 태도 측면에서 바람직한 수준 이하로 평가되었던 지지 표현과 합리적 설명이 건강하다고 여겨지는 범위로 개선되었다. 한편, 과도한 것으로 평가되었던 성취 압력, 간섭, 처벌, 과잉기대, 비일관성 요인은 바람직하고 건강한 수준 으로 개선되었다. 딸의 외현화 문제행동 역시 임상 범위에서 정상 범위로 개선되었다. 치료 과 정에서 관찰된 어머니의 의사소통 방식은 통제적이고 비판적인 것에서 보다 지지적이고 공감 적인 상호작용으로 발전하였다. 이러한 결과는 미술치료가 일과 가정을 병행하는 어머니의 스 트레스를 완화하고 건강한 양육 태도를 형성하도록 도우며 자녀의 외현화 행동을 조절하도록 돕는 데 효과적인 중재임을 시사한다.

This study examined the effects of mother-daughter art therapy on a working mother's parenting stress, parenting attitudes, and her child’s problem behaviors. The participants were a 41-year-old freelance working mother and her first-grade daughter, who participated in 20 weekly sessions of art therapy lasting 70 minutes each. The Parenting Stress Index, Parenting Attitude Test, and Child Behavior Checklist were administered before and after the intervention. The results showed that the mother’s stress—associated with her daughter’s irritability and her own low sense of competence—decreased from clinical to normal ranges. In terms of parenting attitudes, subscales such as supportive expression and rational explanation, which had initially scored below desirable levels, improved to ranges considered healthy. Meanwhile, factors that were previously excessive— achievement pressure, interference, punishment, excessive expectations, and inconsistency—shifted toward more appropriate levels for effective parenting, and the daughter’s externalizing behaviors also moved from clinical to normal ranges. Over the course of therapy, the mother’s communication style evolved from controlling and critical to more supportive and empathetic interactions. These findings demonstrate that art therapy is effective in reducing parenting stress, improving parenting attitudes, and mitigating children’s externalizing behaviors, particularly for mothers balancing work and family demands.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the structural relationship among maternal depression, adolescents' depression, and smartphone overdependence that influences externalizing problems in adolescents. Methods: This study used the data from 1,080 first-year middle school students from the 14th (2021) Panel Study on Korean Children by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. The data were analyzed by a structural equation model based on the least squares method using SmartPLS, and bootstrapping was utilized to confirm the mediating effect in the research model. Results: The direct paths of maternal depression, adolescent depression, and smartphone overdependence leading to externalizing problems in middle school students were all significant. Additionally, in the relationship between maternal depression and adolescent externalizing problems, the simple and sequential mediating effects of adolescent depression and smartphone overdependence were significant. Conclusion: It was found that maternal depression, adolescent depression, and smartphone overdependence not only directly influenced adolescents' externalizing problems but also did so through mediating paths among the influencing factors. Therefore, an integrated and systematic strategy that considers the mental health status and smartphone overdependence of adolescents, including the impact of maternal depression, is needed to take a customized approach to externalizing problems in adolescents.

목적 : 본 연구는 발달장애인의 도전적 행동 완화를 위한 작업치료 중재에 대해 알아보기 위하여 체계적으 로 문헌을 고찰하고 중재 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2000년 1월부터 2022년 7월까지 Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL), Education Resources Information Center(ERIC), Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE), 학술연구정보서비스(Research Information Sharing Service; RISS)에서 문헌을 검색하였다. 국문 검색용어은 “행동 문제” OR “문제행동” OR “부적응 행동” OR “비정상 행동” OR “행동 이상” OR “도전적 행동” AND “작업치료” AND “발달장애” OR “자폐” OR “지적장애”를 사용하였다. 영문은 “behavioral disturbance” OR “problem behavior” OR “maladaptive behavior” OR “aberrant behavior” OR “behavioral abnormalities” OR “challenging behavior” AND “occupational therapy” AND “developmental disability” OR “autism” OR “intellectual disability”를 사용하였다. 검색된 문헌을 Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome(PICO)양식에 따라 체계적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 도전적 행동을 완화하기 위한 작업치료 논문은 총 14편이 선정되었다. 감각치료, 놀이기반 치료, 매개 치료 접근은 도전적 행동 완화에 효과가 있지만 그 외 다른 기능의 향상은 확인할 수 없었다. 반면 인지학습적 접근과 긍정적행동지원 접근은 도전적 행동 완화 및 학교생활 기능향상에 효과가 있었다. 또 한, 부모 교육은 부모의 양육 스트레스를 완화하고 양육 기술을 향상함으로 아동의 도전적 행동 완화에 효과적이었지만, 아동의 일상생활 기능향상까지 치료 효과를 확장하는 데는 제한이 있었다. 결론 : 발달장애인의 도전적 행동을 완화하기 위해 다양한 작업치료 중재가 적용되었다. 작업치료는 도전 적 행동뿐만 아니라 일상생활 기능향상에도 도움이 되었다. 향후 과학적 연구를 통해 도전적 행동 중재 에 대한 임상적 근거가 뒷받침되기를 기대한다.

Objective: This study aimed to find the effects of occupational therapy (OT) as a way to alleviate challenging behaviors for persons with developmental disabilities. Methods: Literature published from January 2000 to July 2022 was searched in Pubmed, CINAHL, ERIC, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and RISS. The search terms were “Behavioral disturbance” OR “Problem behavior” OR “Maladaptive behavior” OR “Aberrant behavior” OR “Behavioral abnormalities” OR “Challenging behavior” AND “Occupational therapy” AND “Developmental disability” OR “Autism” OR “Intellectual disability.” Both Korean and English were used. The searched literature was systematically analyzed according to the PICO format. Results: A total of 14 papers were selected for review. Sensory therapy, play therapy, and therapeutic mediation therapy approaches were shown to be effective in alleviating challenging behaviors, but demonstrated no improvements in other functions. A cognitive learning approach and a positive behavior support approach were effective in alleviating challenging behaviors and improving the school performance. In addition, parental education was effective in alleviating the challenging behaviors in children, although there was a limit in extending the therapeutic effects on improving their daily life functions. Conclusions: It was found that various OT approaches have been used to mediate challenging behaviors. Future research should highlight the generalized effects in daily life and school performance rather than emphasizing only the mitigation of challenging behaviors.

본 연구는 집단미술치료가 유아의 정서지능, 문제행동 및 적응력에 미치는 효과를 검증하고 자 하였다. 연구대상은 유아교육기관에 재원 중인 만 4-5세의 유아이며, 이들의 보호자 및 교 사에게 본 연구의 목적을 설명하여 최종 동의를 얻은 대상에 한하였다. 최종적으로 연구 참여 에 동의한 유아 16명은 실험집단 8명, 통제집단 8명으로 배정하였다. 측정도구로는 교사용 유 아의 정서지능 척도(EI), 교사용 문제행동평가(C-TRF), 유아의 어린이집 적응 척도(ISCS)를 사용하였다. 실험집단은 2019년 6월부터 2020년 1월까지, 주 1회, 회기 당 40-45분씩 총 18회기 의 집단미술치료를 진행하였고, 통제집단은 무처치하였다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics Ver. 22.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단미술치료를 실시한 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 정서지능 요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 둘째, 집 단미술치료를 실시한 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 문제행동 요인이 유의하게 감소하였다. 셋 째, 집단미술치료를 실시한 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 적응력 요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구는 집단미술치료 프로그램의 효과성 검증을 시행함으로써, 유아를 대 상으로 한 심리사회적 개입의 가능성 및 효과를 모색해볼 수 있었다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 가진다.

The study aimed to examine the effects of group art therapy on emotional intelligence, problem behaviors, and adaptive abilities of preschool children. The subjects of the study were preschool children (4-5 years) enrolled in early childhood education institutions, and the final consent was obtained from their guardians and teachers. Of the 16 preschool children, eight were assigned to the experimental group and the control group, respectively. The assessment tools were the Emotional Intelligence (EI), Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF), and Iowa Social Competency Scale Preschool Form (ISCS). The experimental group participated in eighteen sessions of group art therapy, once a week with each session lasting 40-45 minutes, from June 2019 to January 2020. In addition, the control group was untreated. The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Ver. 22.0. The results were as follows. First, the experimental group showed a statistically significant change in emotional intelligence, compared to the control group. Second, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in problem behaviors, compared to the control group. Third, the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference in adaptive abilities, compared to the control group. Our study demonstrated that group art therapy has positive effects on reducing problem behaviors and improving preschool children's emotional intelligence and adaptive abilities.

본 연구의 목적은 양육시설 아동을 위한 보편적 긍정적 행동지원 모형을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 55명의 양육시 설 종사자 직원을 대상으로 PBS에 관한 요구도를 조사한 결과, 응답자의 76%가 문제행동 예방에 PBS가 필요하며, 인성교 육의 대안이라고 응답하였고, 70% 정도가 시설에서 PBS를 운영해 볼 생각이 있다고 응답하였다. 구체적인 모형을 구성해보 면, 준비단계에서는 PBS 팀 구성 및 직원교육, 기대행동선정, 현재 행동의 기초선 측정, 보편적 PBS환경을 구축하기를 제안 한다. 실행단계에서는 사회적 기술교수, 강화실시하기, 자기행동 목표정하기와 행동점검, 문제행동학생지도, 모니터링 방안 을 포함한다. 마지막으로 중재/전-후-유지기 간의 목표행동 변화측정, 사회기술 및 학업성취도 변화, 사회적 타당도 등을 측정하는 효과평가단계를 제안한다. 이 모형을 양육시설 아동들을 대상으로 적용함으로써 문제행동의 감소, 바람직한 행동 의 증진과 동시에 아동들을 지도하는 종사자들의 효능감도 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

This study was designed to develop a positive behavior support model for children in child care institutions. For this purpose, a demand survey for PBS was conducted with 55 child care institution staff members. 76% of the respondents responded that PBS is needed to prevent problem behavior and can be a good alternative for personality education, and approximately 70% responded that they are willing to implement PBS. The specifications of the model are suggested as follows. First, the preparation step would consist of establishing a support team, educating staff members about PBS, selecting expected behaviors, assessing the current baseline behavior, and setting up a universal PBS environment. The application step would consist of instructing social skills, implementing reinforcement, personal goal-setting and assessing behavior, educating trouble-making students, and monitoring. Finally, at the outcome assessment period, measuring the change in target behavior from the pre-intervention to the post-intervention stage, change in social skills and academic achievement, and social validity is suggested. It is expected that application of this model to children in child care institution will decrease problem behaviors of students, enhance desirable behaviors, and boost the staff members’ efficacy.

본 연구는 학교 밖 청소년을 대상으로 문제행동에 미치는 융복합적 요인을 성별차이를 중심으로 분석하였으며, 부산여성가족개발원에서 실시된 학교 밖 청소년 연구자료를 이용한 이차자료 분석 연구이다. 연구대상자는 총 499명의 학교 밖 청소년이며, 남자는 337명, 여자는 162명이었다. 본 연구에서 조사한 문제행동은 가출, 학업중단, 성매매, 폭력, 인터넷게임중독, 절도, 약물중독 및 흡연이었다. 수집된 자료는 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 문제행동 중 인터넷게임중독과 절도는 남자 학교 밖 청소년이 여자 학교 밖 청소년보다 높았다. 인터넷게임중독은 남자 학교 밖 청소년이 여자 학교 밖 청소년보다 1.90배 높았다(p=.008, 95% CI=1.18-3.06). 절도는 남자 학교 밖 청소년이 여자 학교 밖 청소년보다 1.92배 높았다(p=.006, 95% CI=1.21-3.03). 앞으로 학교 밖 청소년의 문제행동을 예방하고 이에 대한 사회적 대책을 마련할 때, 문제행동의 양상과 성별에 따라 차별화된 접근이 필요하다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the problem behavior and its convergent factors in out-of-school adolescents, with a focus on gender differences. This study was a secondary data analysis study using out-of-school adolescents research data at Busan women and family development institute. The study was conducted in a total of 499 out-of-school adolescents (337 males, 162 females). The type of the 8 problem behaviors (run away from home, drop out, prostitution, violence, internet game addiction, theft, drug addiction, and smoking) were identified. The collected data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Among the problem behaviors of the participants, internet game addiction and theft were more significantly high in male out-of-school adolescents than female out-of-school adolescents. In internet game addiction, male out-of-school adolescents were 1.90 times higher than female out-of-school adolescents (p=.008, 95% CI=1.18-3.06). In theft, male out-of-school adolescents were 1.92 times higher than female out-of-school adolescents (p=.006, 95% CI=1.21-3.03). When the social measures were provided for those adolescents, a distinguished approach is required depending on the problem behavior and gender.

본 연구는 청소년의 수면습관, 주간졸음과 문제행동의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 횡단적 조사연구이다. 연구대 상자는 중고등학생 276명이었으며, 수면습관은 Adolescent Sleep Hygiene scale(ASHS), 주간졸음은 Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), 문제행동은 한국판 청소년 자기행동평가척도(K-YSR)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 자료수집은 2014 년 7 월부터 8 월까지 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 이루어졌다. 연구결과 중학생의 경우 수면시간이 충분하다고 인지하고, 수면의 질이 좋다고 인지할수록, 수면중 문제가 없으며, 지난 한 주 동안 카페인이 함유된 음료를 마시지 않았다고 응답한 학생의 수면습관 점수가 더 높았다. 수면습관 점수는 주간졸음, 문제행동과 음의 상관관계가 나타났다. 따라서, 청소년의 좋은 수면습관 형성과 수면의 질 향상을 위한 수면증진 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

This study examined the relationships sleep habits, daytime sleepiness, and problem behaviors. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants were 276 adolescents. Sleep habits, daytime sleepiness and problem behavior were measured by Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Korea-Youth Self Report (K-YSR), respectively. Data were collected from July to August, 2014 using self-reported questionnaires. Participants were middle school students, perceived their sleep time as enough and their sleep quality as good, have no problem behavior during sleep, and have no caffeinated drink for last a week were more likely to have higher score of sleep hygiene. Sleep habits score was associated negatively with daytime sleepiness and problem behaviors. Sleep impacts on physical growth, behavior, and emotional development of adolescent. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sleep enhancement program for the good sleep habits of the adolescents, and to make efforts at home and school.

Pearlin 등(1990)은 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스를 일차적 스트레스와 이로 인한 이차적 스트레스로 구분했으며, 일차적 스트레스를 또 다시 객관적 스트레스요인과 주관적 스트레스 요인으로 구분하였다. 기억 및 행동문제점검-개정판(Revised-Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist: R-MBPC)은 환자 보호자의 객관적 스트레스를, 부담조사(Burden Interview: BI)는 주관적 스트레스를 평가하는 척도이다. 본 연구에서는 두 척도를 한국 상황에 맞게 번안하여, 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하였으며, 이를 위해 치매 진단이 확정된 환자의 보호자 128명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과, R-MBPC:빈도 및 반응, BI의 내적 일치도는 .90에서 .93까지 나타났고, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .91에서 .97로 양호하였으며, 환자의 인지 기능, 일상생활 기능, 보호자의 정서 등을 측정하는 척도들과의 수렴 타당도 및 변별 타당도도 대체로 우수하였다. 또한 R-MBPC:빈도의 요인분석을 통하여 원논문에서 제시된 3개의 요인 구조와 일치하는 결과를 얻었으나, BI의 경우에는 2개의 요인 구조를 확인하는데 제한점이 있었다. 이와 함께, 환자의 치매 정도에 따라 보호자의 객관적 스트레스와 주관적 스트레스를 분석한 결과, 경도 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스는 중등도 이상의 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스와 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 연구 결과 확인된 연구대상의 특성, 문화적 차이 등에 대해 논의하였으며, 본 연구를 기초로 치매 환자 보호자의 스트레스 과정에 대한 포괄적인 평가 모델에 대한 검증이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Primary stressors, core variable in the model of the stress process in dementia patients' caregivers that Pearlin et al.(1990) proposed, are divided into objective stressors and subjective stressors, which are distinct and hypothesized to be differently related to patients and/or caregivers variables. The Revised-Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist(R-MBPC) measures objective stressors and the Burden Interview(BI) evaluates subjective stressors in dementia patients' caregivers. In this study, we translated the R-MBPC and the BI according to the Korean situation and tested the reliability and validity of the two scales. For this, two scales were administered to 128 dementia patients' caregivers. As a result, the internal consistencies of the R-MBPC:Frequency, the R-MBPC:Reaction and the BI were from .90 to .93, and the test-retest reliability were from .91 to .97. In addition, the correlations between the two scales and scales that assess patients' cognitive abilities, daily living abilities, and caregivers' emotions were suitable. Through factor analysis, it was confirmed that the R-MBPC is composed of three factors as presented in the original article, but it was suggested that the two factors of the BI in the original article has limitations in the Korean situation. Lastly, in the analysis for the caregivers' objective and subjective stress according to dementia severity, the significant difference between the mild dementia patient group and the moderate or severe dementia patient group was remarkable. The influence between the caregivers' characteristics and cultural background was discussed, and in the future, a comprehensive model for the stress process in the caregivers of dementia patients should be investigated.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of intervention using the therapeutic robot, PARO, on the cognition, emotion, problem behavior, and social interaction of elderly people with dementia. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 33 elderly people with dementia living in a nursing home facility participated in the study, with 17 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The intervention program with PARO was administered twice a week for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Data were collected before and after intervention, using a questionnaire, direct observation, and video recording. Results: There were statistically significant differences in positive emotions and problem behaviors between the groups. The experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in social interaction. Conclusion: PARO intervention can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to increase positive emotions and social interaction, as well as decrease problem behaviors, in elderly people with dementia living in nursing home facilities.

This study investigates the longitudinal bidirectional process between interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality, and examines whether they predict children’s later problem behaviors. The participants were 2,150 children (1,091 boys; 1,059 girls) and their parents who participated in a large longitudinal panel study on Korean families, the Panel Survey on Korean Children of the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. In this study, data from children aged 0?9 years were included in the analysis, and the bidirectional process between interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality was explored from 0 to 4 years of age. Statistical analysis was conducted using a non-recursive model within a structural equation modeling framework. Both interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality positively predicted problem behaviors at nine years of age. However, the bidirectional relationship between interparental conflict and children’s negative emotionality appeared in the opposite direction to the hypothesis at age one and was not significant thereafter. In the Discussion section, suggestions for future studies along with the clinical significance of parental conflict as a target to consider in children’s interventions are addressed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the construct equivalence of the general five factors of healthbehavior and to compare the latent means between adolescents with a health problem and those without in Korea. Methods: The 2009 KYRBS (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey) data were used for the analysis. Multi-groupconfirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale had configural, metric, and scalar invariancesacross the existence of health problems in adolescents. Results: Configural, metric, and factor invariances weresatisfied for the latent mean analysis (LMA) between adolescents with health problem and those without. Adolescents with health problem and those without were not different in the LMA of all factors. Conclusion: Healthproviders should give more interest to the group of adolescents with health problems and consider prudentialschool life to the same group.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association among various adolescent prob- lem behaviors in South Korea, focusing on gender differences. Methods: This secondary analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted in 2023 which included 52,880 mid- dle and high school students in South Korea. They completed an anonymous self-admin- istered survey regarding problem behaviors (drinking alcohol, smoking, drugs use, and sexual experiences). Data were analyzed using complex-samples chi-square and multiple logistic regression models. Results: Among the 52,880 adolescents, the prevalence rates of alcohol use, smoking, drug use, and sexual experiences were 32.6%, 8.6%, 1.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. Gender differences were observed in alcohol use complex-samples multiple logistic regression models. However, no significant gender difference was found in drug use (p=.250). Four problem behaviors were significantly associated with one other when analyzed as inde- pendent variables (odds ratio [OR], 1.33?10.85). The strongest associations were found between alcohol use and smoking (OR, 10.49?10.85), and between smoking and sexual experiences (OR, 4.91?4.96). Conclusion: This study found significant gender differences in adolescent problem be- haviors, with male adolescents exhibiting higher rates of alcohol use, smoking, and sexu- al experience. Strong associations were observed between alcohol use and smoking, as well as between smoking and sexual experience. These findings suggest the need for in- tegrated intervention strategies that target multiple co-occurring problem behaviors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the problem drinking status of college students, and to verify the effect of the experience of school violence victimization on the suicidal behavior of college students and the moderating effect of problem drinking in the process Method: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 338 college students were surveyed online and data of 330 researchers were analyzed. Results: The main results of this study are as follows. First, when examining the problem drinking status of college students, 72.0%(236) of normal drinking group and 28.0% (92) of problem drinking group showed. Second, the experience of school violence victimization had a positively significant effect on suicide behavior. Third, problem drinking, a moderator variable, was found to have a significant positive effect on suicidal behavior. Fourth, it was found that experience of school violence affected the problem drinking in the process of positively affecting suicidal behavior. Based on these results, we suggest practical and policy implications for enhancing suicide problems of college students and improving mental health.